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A joint is the location at which two or more bones make contact.[1] They are constructed to allow movement and provide mechanical support, and are classified structurally and functionally.[2] Look up joint in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
In music an articulation is a sign, direction, or performance technique which indicates or affects the transition or continuity between notes or sounds. ...
This article is about the skeletal organs. ...
Classification
 Depiction of an intervertebral disk, a cartilaginous joint.
 Diagram of a synovial (diarthrosis) joint. Joints are mainly classified structurally and functionally. Structural classification is determined by how the bones connect to each other, while functional classification is determined by the degree of movement between the articulating bones. In practice, there is significant overlap between the two types of classifications. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links Illu_synovial_joint. ...
Image File history File links Illu_synovial_joint. ...
Terms ending in the suffix -sis are singular and refer to just one joint, while -ses is the suffix for pluralization. Look up Suffix in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Structural classification Structural classification names and divides joints according to how the bones are connected to each other.[3] There are three structural classifications of joints: ...
Cartilage is a type of dense connective tissue. ...
Synovial joints (or diarthroses, or diarthroidal joints) are the most common and most moveable type of joints in the body. ...
Functional classification Joints can also be classified functionally, by the degree of mobility they allow:[4] - synarthrosis - permits little or no mobility. Most synarthrosis joints are fibrous joints.
- amphiarthrosis - permits slight mobility. Most amphiarthrosis joints are cartilaginous joints.
- diarthrosis - permits a variety of movements. All diarthrosis joints are synovial joints, and the terms "diarthrosis" and "synovial joint" are considered equivalent by Terminologia Anatomica.[5]
In Amphiarthroses (slightly movable articulations), the contiguous bony surfaces are either: symphysis: connected by broad flattened disks of fibrocartilage, of a more or less complex structure, as in the articulations between the bodies of the vertebrae. ...
A joint is the location at which two bones make contact. ...
Synovial joints (or diarthroses, or diarthroidal joints) are the most common and most moveable type of joints in the body. ...
The Nomina Anatomica was one of the most popular systems for providing topographical codes in the 20th century. ...
Biomechanical classification Joints can also be classified based on their anatomy or on their biomechanical properties. According to the anatomic classification, joints are subdivided into simple and compound, depending on the number of bones involved, and into complex and combination joints:[6] - Simple Joint: 2 articulation surfaces (eg. shoulder joint, hip joint)
- Compound Joint: 3 or more articulation surfaces (eg. radiocarpal joint)
- Complex Joint: 2 or more articulation surfaces and an articular disc or meniscus (eg. knee joint)
This article does not cite its references or sources. ...
Bones of the Hip In anatomy, the hip is the bony projection of the femur, known as the greater trochanter, and the overlying muscle and fat. ...
Diagrammatic section of a diarthrodial joint, with an articular disk. ...
In anatomy, a meniscus is a moon-shaped figure. ...
An x-ray of a human knee Grays Fig. ...
Anatomical The joints may be classified anatomically into the following groups: - articulations of hand
- wrists
- elbows
- axillary articulations
- sternoclavicular joints
- vertebral articulations
- temporomandibular joints
- sacroiliac joints
- hip joints
- knee
- articulations of foot
For the municipality in Germany, see Wrist, Germany. ...
For the band, see Elbow (band). ...
The sternoclavicular articulation is a double arthrodial joint. ...
The temporomandibular joint (From the Latin for too much jaw) is a diarthrodial joint that connects the condyle of the mandible (lower jaw) to the temporal bone at the side of a skull. ...
The sacroiliac joint is the joint between the sacrum, at the base of the spine, and the ilium of the pelvis, which are joined by ligaments. ...
Bones of the Hip In anatomy, the hip is the bony projection of the femur, known as the greater trochanter, and the overlying muscle and fat. ...
For other uses, see Knee (disambiguation). ...
Arthritis -
Arthritis and direct physical trauma to a joint are the causes of joint damage. Arthritis is a group of conditions where there is damage caused to the joints of the body. Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in people over the age of 55. Arthritis (from Greek arthro-, joint + -itis, inflammation; plural: arthritides) is a group of conditions where there is damage caused to the joints of the body. ...
In medicine, a trauma patient has suffered serious and life-threatening physical injury resulting in secondary complications such as shock, respiratory failure and death. ...
There are many different forms of arthritis, each of which has a different cause. The most common form of arthritis, osteoarthritis (also known as degenerative joint disease) occurs following trauma to the joint, following an infection of the joint or simply as a result of aging. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that abnormal anatomy may contribute to early development of osteoarthritis. Other forms of arthritis are rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, which are autoimmune diseases in which the body is attacking itself. Septic arthritis is caused by joint infection. Gouty arthritis is caused by deposition of uric acid crystals in the joint that results in subsequent inflammation. Additionally, there is a less common form of gout that is caused by the formation of rhomboidal shaped crystals of calcium pyrophosphate. This form of gout is known as pseudogout. Osteoarthritis (OA, also known as degenerative arthritis, degenerative joint disease), is a condition in which low-grade inflammation results in pain in the joints, caused by abnormal wearing of the cartilage that covers and acts as a cushion inside joints and destruction or decrease of synovial fluid that lubricates those...
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is traditionally considered a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the joints. ...
Psoriatic arthritis (or Arthropathic psoriasis) is a type of inflammatory arthritis that affects around 20% of people suffering from the chronic skin condition Psoriasis. ...
Autoimmune diseases arise from an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body. ...
Septic arthritis is the invasion of a joint by an infectious agent which produces arthritis. ...
An infection is the detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species. ...
Gout (also called metabolic arthritis) is a disease created by a build up of uric acid. ...
Uric acid (or urate) is an organic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen with the formula C5H4N4O3. ...
References 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Dorlands Medical Dictionary was first published in 1890 as the American Illustrated Medical Dictionary including 770 pages. ...
2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ...
is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
See also Wikimedia Commons has media related to: joints Arthrology is the science concerned with the anatomy, function, dysfunction and treatment of joints. ...
Look up kinesiology in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
External links | Joints | | | Types | fibrous: Gomphosis - Suture - Syndesmosis cartilaginous: Synchondrosis - Symphysis The permanent teeth, viewed from the right . Gomphosis is the external layer of Gomphoses is where the teeth are anchored in place in a timely manor. ...
A symphysis is a fibrocartilaginous fusion between two bones. ...
synovial: Plane joint - 1° (Hinge joint, Pivot joint) - 2° (Condyloid joint, Saddle joint) - 3° (Ball and socket joint) Synovial joints (or diarthroses, or diarthroidal joints) are the most common and most moveable type of joints in the body. ...
A joint is the location at which two bones make contact. ...
Pivot joint (trochoid joint, rotary joint): Where the movement is limited to rotation, the joint is formed by a pivot-like process turning within a ring, or a ring on a pivot, the ring being formed partly of bone, partly of ligament. ...
In a condyloid joint (condyloid articulation, ellipsoidal joint) an ovoid articular surface, or condyle, is received into an elliptical cavity in such a manner as to permit of flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction, but no axial rotation. ...
In a saddle joint (sellar joint, articulation by reciprocal reception) the opposing surfaces are reciprocally concavo-convex. ...
A ball and socket joint (enarthrosis, spheroidal joint) is a joint in which the distal bone is capable of motion around an indefinite number of axes, which have one common center. ...
by range of motion: Synarthrosis - Amphiarthrosis - Diarthrosis | | | Terminology | | | | Motions | general: Flexion/ Extension - Adduction/ Abduction - Internal rotation/ External rotation - Elevation/ Depression specialized/upper limbs: Protraction/Retraction - Supination/Pronation In Amphiarthroses (slightly movable articulations), the contiguous bony surfaces are either: symphysis: connected by broad flattened disks of fibrocartilage, of a more or less complex structure, as in the articulations between the bodies of the vertebrae. ...
A joint is the location at which two bones make contact. ...
Look up kinesiology in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
It has been suggested that Kinesiology#Motions be merged into this article or section. ...
Agonist is kind of muscle that causes movement to occur. ...
An antagonist is a kind of muscle that acts in opposition to the movement generated by the agonist and is responsible for returning a limb to its initial position. ...
In anatomy, Flexion is movement whereby bones or other objects are brought closer together. ...
The leg extension is an isolation exercise. ...
In anatomy and physiology, adduction is the moving of limbs towards the midline of the body. ...
Abduction, in functional anatomy, is a movement which draws a limb away from the median plane of the body. ...
In anatomy, internal rotation (also known as medial rotation) is rotation towards the center of the body. ...
External rotation (or lateral rotation) is rotation away from the center of the body. ...
Elevation is the anatomical term of motion for movement in a superior direction. ...
Depression is the anatomical term of motion for movement in an inferior direction. ...
An anatomical term for a anterior movement on the horzontal plane. ...
Retraction is the anatomical term of motion for posterior movement of the arms at the shoulders. ...
In human and zoological anatomy (sometimes called zootomy), several terms are used to describe the location of organs and other structures in the body of bilateral animals. ...
In human and zoological anatomy (sometimes called zootomy), several terms are used to describe the location of organs and other structures in the body of bilateral animals. ...
specialized/lower limbs: Plantarflexion/ Dorsiflexion - Eversion/ Inversion | | | Components | | | | Joints and ligaments of upper limbs | | | Shoulder | sternoclavicular: anterior sternoclavicular - posterior sternoclavicular - interclavicular - costoclavicular acromioclavicular: acromioclavicular - coracoclavicular (trapezoid, conoid) - coracoacromial - superior transverse scapular - inferior transverse of scapula Peronaeus longus and peronaeus brevis labeled at bottom left. ...
In zootomy, several terms are used to describe the location of organs and other structures in the body of bilateral animals. ...
Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis labeled at center left. ...
Tibialis anterior and posterior labeled at center top. ...
The joint capsules or articular capsules form complete envelopes for the freely movable bone joints. ...
The synovium or synovial membrane is a thin, weak layer of tissue which lines the non-cartilaginous surfaces within the joint space, sealing it from the surrounding tissue. ...
Synovial fluid is a thin, stringy fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints. ...
Bursae visible top right and bottom right A bursa (plural bursae or bursas; Latin: Bursa synovialis) is a small fluid-filled sac located at the point where a muscle or tendon slides across bone. ...
Diagrammatic section of a diarthrodial joint, with an articular disk. ...
In anatomy, the term ligament is used to denote three different types of structures:[1] Fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones. ...
An MRI scan of the head. ...
The Atlanto-axial joint (articulation of the atlas with the axis) is of a complicated nature, comprising no fewer than four distinct joints. ...
The anterior atlantoaxial ligament is a strong membrane, fixed, above, to the lower border of the anterior arch of the atlas; below, to the front of the body of the axis. ...
The posterior atlantoaxial ligament is a broad, thin membrane attached, above, to the lower border of the posterior arch of the atlas; below, to the upper edges of the laminæ of the axis. ...
The cruciform ligament of atlas (or cruciate ligament) is a ligament of the atlanto-axial joint. ...
The transverse ligament of the atlas is a thick, strong band, which arches across the ring of the atlas, and retains the odontoid process in contact with the anterior arch. ...
The Atlanto-occipital joint (articulation between the atlas and the occipital bone) consists of a pair of condyloid joints. ...
The anterior atlantoöccipital membrane (anterior atlantoöccipital ligament) is broad and composed of densely woven fibers, which pass between the anterior margin of the foramen magnum above, and the upper border of the anterior arch of the atlas below. ...
The posterior atlantoöccipital membrane (posterior atlantoöccipital ligament), broad but thin, is connected above, to the posterior margin of the foramen magnum; below, to the upper border of the posterior arch of the atlas. ...
The Membrana Tectoria (occipitoaxial ligament) is situated within the vertebral canal. ...
The alar ligaments connect the sides of the dens (on the axis, or the second cervical vertebra) to tubercles on the medial side of the occipital condyle. ...
In the triangular interval between the alar ligaments is another fibrous cord, the ligament of apex dentis (or apical odontoid ligament), which extends from the tip of the odontoid process to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum, being intimately blended with the deep portion of the anterior atlantoöccipital...
The temporomandibular joint (From the Latin for too much jaw) is a diarthrodial joint that connects the condyle of the mandible (lower jaw) to the temporal bone at the side of a skull. ...
The articular capsule (capsular ligament) is a thin, loose envelope, attached above to the circumference of the mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle immediately in front; below, to the neck of the condyle of the mandible. ...
The articular disk is a thin, oval plate, placed between the condyle of the mandible and the mandibular fossa. ...
The temporomandibular ligament (external lateral ligament) consists of two short, narrow fasciculi, one in front of the other, attached, above, to the lateral surface of the zygomatic arch and to the tubercle on its lower border; below, to the lateral surface and posterior border of the neck of the mandible. ...
The sphenomandibular ligament (internal lateral ligament) is a flat, thin band which is attached above to the spina angularis of the sphenoid bone, and, becoming broader as it descends, is fixed to the lingula of the mandibular foramen. ...
The stylomandibular ligament is a specialized band of the cervical fascia, which extends from near the apex of the styloid process of the temporal bone to the angle and posterior border of the ramus of the mandible, between the Masseter and Pterygoideus internus. ...
In anatomy, the term ligament is used to denote three different types of structures:[1] Fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones. ...
In humans, the upper limb is an anatomical term for the limb that is attached to the pectoral girdle. ...
This article is about the body part. ...
The sternoclavicular articulation is a double arthrodial joint. ...
The anterior sternoclavicular ligament is a broad band of fibers, covering the anterior surface of the articulation; it is attached above to the upper and front part of the sternal end of the clavicle, and, passing obliquely downward and medialward, is attached below to the front of the upper part...
The posterior sternoclavicular ligament is a similar band of fibers, covering the posterior surface of the articulation; it is attached above to the upper and back part of the sternal end of the clavicle, and, passing obliquely downward and medialward, is fixed below to the back of the upper part...
The interclavicular ligament is a flattened band, which varies considerably in form and size in different individuals, it passes in a curved direction from the upper part of the sternal end of one clavicle to that of the other, and is also attached to the upper margin of the sternum. ...
The costoclavicular ligament (rhomboid ligament) is short, flat, strong, and rhomboid in form. ...
The acromioclavicular joint, or AC joint, is a joint at the top of the shoulder. ...
The Acromioclavicular ligament is part of the acromioclavicular joint. ...
The Coracoclavicular Ligament serves to connect the clavicle with the coracoid process of the scapula. ...
The trapezoid ligament, the anterior and lateral fasciculus, is broad, thin, and quadrilateral: it is placed obliquely between the coracoid process and the clavicle. ...
The Conoid Ligament, the posterior and medial fasciculus, is a dense band of fibers, conical in form, with its base directed upward. ...
The Coracoacromial Ligament is a strong triangular band, extending between the coracoid process and the acromion. ...
The superior transverse ligament (transverse or suprascapular ligament) converts the scapular notch into a foramen. ...
The Inferior Transverse Ligament (spinoglenoid ligament) is a weak membranous band, situated behind the neck of the scapula and stretching from the lateral border of the spine to the margin of the glenoid cavity. ...
glenohumeral: coracohumeral - glenohumeral (superior, middle, and inferior) - transverse humeral - glenoid labrum | | | Elbow | humeroradial: radial collateral humeroulnar: ulnar collateral The glenohumeral joint, commonly known as the shoulder joint, is a synovial ball and socket joint and involves articulation between the glenoid fossa of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the head of the humerus (upper arm bone). ...
The coracohumeral ligament is a broad ligament which strengthens the upper part of the capsule of the shoulder joint. ...
In addition to the coracohumeral ligament, three supplemental bands, which are named the glenohumeral ligaments, strengthen the capsule. ...
The transverse humeral ligament is a broad band passing from the lesser to the greater tubercle of the humerus, and always limited to that portion of the bone which lies above the epiphysial line. ...
The Acetabular labrum is also known as the glenoidal labrum of the hip joint in older texts. ...
For the band, see Elbow (band). ...
The humeroradial joint, the joint between the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus, is an arthrodial joint. ...
The radial collateral ligament (external lateral ligament) is a short and narrow fibrous band, less distinct than the ulnar collateral, attached, above, to a depression below the lateral epicondyle of the humerus; below, to the annular ligament, some of its most posterior fibers passing over that ligament, to be inserted...
The humeroulnar joint, the portion of the joint between the ulna and humerus, is a simple hinge-joint, and allows of movements of flexion and extension only. ...
The ulnar collateral ligament (internal lateral ligament) is a thick triangular band consisting of two portions, an anterior and posterior united by a thinner intermediate portion. ...
proximal radioulnar: annular - oblique cord | | | Forearm | | | | Hand | intercarpal, midcarpal: pisohamate - scapholunate carpometacarpal: dorsal carpometacarpal - palmar carpometacarpal (pisometacarpal) The proximal radioulnar articulation (superior radioulnar joint) is a trochoid or pivot-joint between the circumference of the head of the radius and the ring formed by the radial notch of the ulna and the annular ligament. ...
The Annular Ligament (orbicular ligament) is a strong band of fibers, which encircles the head of the radius, and retains it in contact with the radial notch of the ulna. ...
The oblique cord (oblique ligament) is a small, flattened band, extending downward and lateralward, from the lateral side of the tubercle of the ulna at the base of the coronoid process to the radius a little below the radial tuberosity. ...
// The Human Forearm The forearm is the structure on the upper limb, between the elbow and the wrist. ...
The Distal Radioulnar Articulation (inferior radioulnar joint) is a pivot-joint formed between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch on the lower end of the radius. ...
The volar radioulnar ligament (anterior radioulnar ligament) is a narrow band of fibers extending from the anterior margin of the ulnar notch of the radius to the front of the head of the ulna. ...
The dorsal radioulnar ligament (posterior radioulnar ligament) extends between corresponding surfaces on the dorsal aspect of the distal radioulnar articulation. ...
For the municipality in Germany, see Wrist, Germany. ...
The palmar radiocarpal ligament (anterior ligament, volar radiocarpal ligament)) is a broad membranous band, attached above to the anterior margin of the lower end of the radius, to its styloid process, and to the front of the lower end of the ulna; its fibers pass downward and medialward to be...
The dorsal radiocarpal ligament (posterior ligament) less thick and strong than the volar, is attached, above, to the posterior border of the lower end of the radius; its fibers are directed obliquely downward and medialward, and are fixed, below, to the dorsal surfaces of the navicular, lunate, and triangular, being...
The ulnar collateral ligament (internal lateral ligament, ulnar carpal collateral ligament) is a rounded cord, attached above to the end of the styloid process of the ulna, and dividing below into two fasciculi, one of which is attached to the medial side of the triangular bone, the other to the...
The radial collateral carpal ligament attaches to the styloid process of the radius and the radial side of the scaphoid bone. ...
For other uses, see Hand (disambiguation). ...
Intercarpal Articulations (Articulations of the Carpus) - These articulations may be subdivided into three sets: 1. ...
Intercarpal Articulations (Articulations of the Carpus) - These articulations may be subdivided into three sets: 1. ...
The pisohamate ligament is the volar ligament that connects the pisiform to the hamate. ...
The carpometacarpal joint refers to the articulations between the carpal bones and the metacarpals. ...
The dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments, the strongest and most distinct carpometacarpal ligaments, connect the carpal and metacarpal bones on their dorsal surfaces. ...
The palmar carpometacarpal ligaments (or volar) have a somewhat similar arrangement to the dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments, with the exception of those of the third metacarpal, which are three in number: a lateral one from the greater multangular, situated superficial to the sheath of the tendon of the Flexor carpi radialis...
The pisometacarpal ligament joins the pisiform to the base of the fifth metacarpal bone. ...
intermetacarpal: deep transverse metacarpal - superficial transverse metacarpal Intermetacarpal Articulations - The bases of the second, third, fourth and fifth metacarpal bones articulate with one another by small surfaces covered with cartilage, and are connected together by dorsal, volar, and interosseous ligaments. ...
The deep transverse metacarpal ligament is a narrow fibrous band which runs across the palmar surfaces of the heads of the second, third, fourth and fifth metacarpal bones, connecting them together. ...
The superficial transverse metacarpal ligament is a ligament of the intermetacarpal articulations joint which runs beneath the deep transverse metacarpal ligament. ...
metacarpophalangeal: palmar - collateral The Metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP): The Metacarpophalangeal Articulations are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the first phalanges, with the exception of that of the thumb, which presents more of the characters of...
interphalangeal: palmar - collateral | | | Joints and ligaments of torso | | | Vertebral column | articulations of vertebral bodies: anterior longitudinal ligament - posterior longitudinal ligament - intervertebral disc ( annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus) articulations of vertebral arches : ligamenta flava - supraspinous ligament (nuchal ligament) - interspinal ligament - intertransverse ligament The interphalangeal articulations of hand are hinge-joints of the phalanges of the hand. ...
In anatomy, the term ligament is used to denote three different types of structures:[1] Fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones. ...
The human torso Torso is an anatomical term for the greater part of the human body without the head and limbs. ...
The vertebral column seen from the side Different regions (curvatures) of the vertebral column The vertebral column (backbone or spine) is a column of vertebrae situated in the dorsal aspect of the abdomen. ...
The anterior longitudinal ligament runs down the anterior surface of the spine. ...
The posterior longitudinal ligament is situated within the vertebral canal, and extends along the posterior surfaces of the bodies of the vertebræ, from the body of the axis, where it is continuous with the membrana tectoria, to the sacrum. ...
Intervertebral discs lie in between adjacent vertebrae in the spine. ...
Each intervertebral fibrocartilage is composed, at its circumference, of laminæ of fibrous tissue and fibrocartilage, forming the annulus fibrosus. ...
Nucleus pulposus is the jelly-like substance in the middle of the spinal disc. ...
The ligamenta flava connect the laminæ of adjacent vertebræ, from the axis to the first segment of the sacrum. ...
The supraspinal ligament (supraspinous ligament) is a strong fibrous cord, which connects together the apices of the spinous processes from the seventh cervical vertebra to the sacrum; at the points of attachment to the tips of the spinous processes fibrocartilage is developed in the ligament. ...
The Nuchal ligament is a fibrous membrane, which, in the neck, represents the supraspinal ligaments of the lower vertebræ. It extends from the external occipital protuberance and median nuchal line to the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra. ...
The interspinal ligaments (interspinous ligaments), thin and membranous, connect adjoining spinous processes and extend from the root to the apex of each process. ...
The intertransverse ligaments are ligaments that are placed between the transverse processes. ...
zygapophysial joint | | | Costovertebral | | | | Sternocostal | | | | Pelvis | articulation of the vertebral column with the pelvis: iliolumbar ligament sacroiliac: anterior sacroiliac ligament - posterior sacroiliac ligament - interosseous sacroiliac ligament A zygapophysial joint (zygapophyseal, or facet joint) is a synovial joint between the superior articular process of one (lower) vertebra and the inferior articular process of the adjacent (higher) vertebra. ...
Costovertebral articulations -- The articulations of the ribs with the vertebral column may be divided into two sets: Articulation of head of rib -- connecting the heads of the ribs with the bodies of the vertebrae. ...
The Articulations of the Heads of the Ribs (costocentral articulations) constitute a series of gliding or arthrodial joints, and are formed by the articulation of the heads of the typical ribs with the facets on the contiguous margins of the bodies of the thoracic vertebræ and with the intervertebral fibrocartilages...
The radiate ligament connects the anterior part of the head of each rib with the side of the bodies of two vertebræ, and the intervertebral fibrocartilage between them. ...
The interarticular ligament of the head of the rib is situated in the interior of the articulation of head of rib. ...
Costotransverse Articulations. ...
The sternocostal articulations (costosternal articulations, articulations of the cartilages of the true ribs with the sternum) are arthrodial joints, with the exception of the first, in which the cartilage is directly united with the sternum, and which is, therefore, a synarthrodial articulation. ...
The Interarticular sternocostal ligament is a horizontal fibrocartilaginous plate in the center of the second sternocostal joint. ...
The Radiate sternocostal ligaments are fibrous bands that cross from the sternal end of the costal cartilage to the ventral part of the sternum. ...
The Costoxiphoid Ligaments (chondroxiphoid ligaments) connect the anterior and posterior surfaces of the seventh costal cartilage, and sometimes those of the sixth, to the front and back of the xiphoid process. ...
Interchondral Articulations (articulations of the cartilages of the ribs with each other). ...
Costochondral Articulations. ...
The pelvis (pl. ...
The iliolumbar ligament is attached above to the lower and front part of the transverse process of the fifth lumbar vertebra. ...
The sacroiliac joint is the joint between the sacrum, at the base of the spine, and the ilium of the pelvis, which are joined by ligaments. ...
The anterior sacroiliac ligament consists of numerous thin bands, which connect the anterior surface of the lateral part of the sacrum to the margin of the auricular surface of the ilium and to the preauricular sulcus. ...
The posterior sacroiliac ligament is situated in a deep depression between the sacrum and ilium behind; it is strong and forms the chief bond of union between the bones. ...
The Interosseous Sacroiliac Ligament lies deep to the posterior ligament, and consists of a series of short, strong fibers connecting the tubeosities of the sacrum and ilium. ...
ligaments connecting the sacrum and ischium: sacrotuberous ligament - sacrospinous ligament The Sacrotuberous Ligament (great or posterior sacrosciatic ligament) is situated at the lower and back part of the pelvis. ...
The sacrospinous ligament (small or anterior sacrosciatic ligament) is thin, and triangular in form; it is attached by its apex to the spine of the ischium, and medially, by its broad base, to the lateral margins of the sacrum and coccyx, in front of the sacrotuberous ligament with which its...
sacrococcygeal symphysis: anterior sacrococcygeal ligament - posterior sacrococcygeal ligament The sacrococcygeal symphysis (sacrococcygeal articulation, articulation of the sacrum and coccyx) is an amphiarthrodial joint, formed between the oval surface at the apex of the sacrum, and the base of the coccyx. ...
The Anterior Sacrococcygeal Ligament consists of a few irregular fibers, which descend from the anterior surface of the sacrum to the front of the coccyx, blending with the periosteum. ...
The posterior sacrococcygeal ligament is a flat band, which arises from the margin of the lower orifice of the sacral canal, and descends to be inserted into the posterior surface of the coccyx. ...
pubic symphysis: superior pubic ligament - inferior pubic ligament | | | Joints and ligaments of lower limbs | | | Coxal/hip | | | | Knee-joint | | | | Tibiofibular | | | | Talocrural/ankle | | | | Foot - subtalar/talocalcaneal | | | | Foot - transverse tarsal | | | | Foot - distal intertarsal | Cuneonavicular: plantar - dorsal Cuboideonavicular: plantar - dorsal The pubic symphysis is the midline cartilaginous joint uniting the superior rami of the left and right pubic bones (pubis). ...
The superior pubic ligament connects together the two pubic bones superiorly, extending laterally as far as the pubic tubercles. ...
The inferior pubic ligament (arcuate pubic ligament or subpubic ligament) is a thick, triangular arch of ligamentous fibers, connecting together the two pubic bones below, and forming the upper boundary of the pubic arch. ...
In anatomy, the term ligament is used to denote three different types of structures:[1] Fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones. ...
In common usage, a human leg is the lower limb of the body, extending from the hip to the ankle, and including the thigh, the knee, and the cnemis. ...
In anatomy, the hip is the bony projection of the femur which is known as the greater trochanter, and the overlying muscle and fat. ...
The iliofemoral ligament (Y-ligament; ligament of Bigelow) is a band of great strength which lies in front of the hip joint; it is intimately connected with the joint capsule, and serves to strengthen the joint by resisting hyperextension. ...
The pubocapsular ligament (pubofemoral ligament) is a ligament on the inferior side of the of the hip joint. ...
The ischiocapsular ligament (ischiofemoral ligament, ischiocapsular band; ligament of Bertin) consists of a triangular band of strong fibers on the posterior side of the hip joint. ...
The ligament of the head of the femur is a triangular, somewhat flattened band implanted by its apex into the antero-superior part of the fovea capitis femoris; its base is attached by two bands, one into either side of the acetabular notch, and between these bony attachments it blends...
The Transverse Acetabular Ligament (transverse ligament) is in reality a portion of the acetabular labrum, though differing from it in having no cartilage cells among its fibers. ...
For other uses, see Knee (disambiguation). ...
The Patellar ligament (anterior ligament) is the central portion of the common tendon of the Quadriceps femoris, which is continued from the patella to the tuberosity of the tibia. ...
The oblique popliteal ligament (posterior ligament) is a broad, flat, fibrous band, formed of fasciculi separated from one another by apertures for the passage of vessels and nerves. ...
The arcuate popliteal ligament is an extracapsular ligament of the knee. ...
The medial collateral ligament or MCL (or tibial collateral ligament) is one of the four major ligaments of the knee. ...
The Fibular Collateral Ligament (external lateral or long external lateral ligament) is a strong, rounded, fibrous cord, attached, above, to the back part of the lateral condyle of the femur, immediately above the groove for the tendon of the Popliteus; below, to the lateral side of the head of the...
The anterior cruciate ligament (or ACL) is one of the four major ligaments of the knee. ...
Diagram of the knee The posterior cruciate ligament (or PCL) is one of the four major ligaments of the knee. ...
In anatomy, a meniscus is a moon-shaped figure. ...
The medial meniscus is a fibrocartilage band that spans the medial knee, and lies on the head of the tibia. ...
The lateral meniscus, also called the external semilunar fibrocartilage is a fibrocartilaginous band that spans the lateral knee. ...
The superior tibiofibular articulation is an arthrodial joint between the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head of the fibula. ...
The anterior ligament of the head of the fibula (anterior superior ligament) consists of two or three broad and flat bands, which pass obliquely upward from the front of the head of the fibula to the front of the lateral condyle of the tibia. ...
The posterior ligament of the head of the fibula is a part of the knee. ...
The inferior tibiofibular articulation (tibiofibular syndesmosis) is formed by the rough, convex surface of the medial side of the lower end of the fibula, and a rough concave surface on the lateral side of the tibia. ...
The anterior ligament of the lateral malleolus (anterior tibiofibular ligament, anterior inferior ligament) is a flat, triangular band of fibers, broader below than above, which extends obliquely downward and lateralward between the adjacent margins of the tibia and fibula, on the front aspect of the syndesmosis. ...
The posterior ligament of the lateral malleolus (posterior tibiofibular ligament, posterior inferior ligament). ...
For a review of anatomical terms, see Anatomical position and Anatomical terms of location. ...
The medial ligament of talocrural joint (or deltoid ligament) is a strong, flat, triangular band, attached, above, to the apex and anterior and posterior borders of the medial malleolus. ...
The anterior talofibular ligament passes from the anterior margin of the fibular malleolus, forward and medially, to the talus, in front of its lateral articular facet. ...
The posterior talofibular ligament, runs almost horizontally from the depression at the medial and back part of the fibular malleolus to a prominent tubercle on the posterior surface of the talus immediately lateral to the groove for the tendon of the Flexor hallucis longus. ...
The calcaneofibular ligament is a narrow, rounded cord, running from the apex of the fibular malleolus downward and slightly backward to a tubercle on the lateral surface of the calcaneus. ...
For a review of anatomical terms, see Anatomical position and Anatomical terms of location. ...
The anterior talocalcaneal ligament (anterior calcaneo-astragaloid ligament) extends from the front and lateral surface of the neck of the talus to the superior surface of the calcaneus. ...
The posterior talocalcaneal ligament (posterior calcaneo-astragaloid ligament) connects the lateral tubercle of the talus with the upper and medial part of the calcaneus; it is a short band, and its fibers radiate from their narrow attachment to the talus. ...
The lateral talocalcaneal ligament (external calcaneo-astragaloid ligament) is a short, strong fasciculus, passing from the lateral surface of the talus, immediately beneath its fibular facet to the lateral surface of the calcaneus. ...
The medial talocalcaneal ligament (internal calcaneo-astragaloid ligament) connects the medial tubercle of the back of the talus with the back of the sustentaculum tali. ...
The interosseous talocalcaneal ligament forms the chief bond of union between the bones. ...
The transverse tarsal joint is formed by the articulation of the calcaneus with the cuboid, and the articulation of the talus with the navicular. ...
The Talocalcaneonavicular Articulation is an arthrodial joint: the rounded head of the talus being received into the concavity formed by the posterior surface of the navicular, the anterior articular surface of the calcaneus, and the upper surface of the planter calcaneonavicular ligament. ...
The dorsal talonavicular ligament is a broad, thin band, which connects the neck of the talus to the dorsal surface of the navicular bone; it is covered by the Extensor tendons. ...
The plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (also known as the spring ligament) is a ligament on the underside of the foot that connects the calcaneus with the navicular bone. ...
The bifurcated ligament (internal calcaneocuboid, interosseous ligament, bifurcate ligament) is a strong band, attached behind to the deep hollow on the upper surface of the calcaneus and dividing in front in a Y-shaped manner into a calcaneocuboid and a calcaneonavicular part. ...
Calcaneocuboid Articulation (articulation of the calcaneus with the cuboid). ...
The dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament (superior calcaneocuboid ligament) is a thin but broad fasciculus, which passes between the contiguous surfaces of the calcaneus and cuboid, on the dorsal surface of the joint. ...
The long plantar ligament (long calcaneocuboid ligament; superficial long plantar ligament) is a long ligament on the underside of the foot that connects the calcaneus with the cuboid bone. ...
The plantar calcaneocuboid ligament (short calcaneocuboid ligament; short plantar ligament) is a ligament on the bottom of the foot that connects the calcaneus to the cuboid bone. ...
The bifurcated ligament (internal calcaneocuboid, interosseous ligament, bifurcate ligament) is a strong band, attached behind to the deep hollow on the upper surface of the calcaneus and dividing in front in a Y-shaped manner into a calcaneocuboid and a calcaneonavicular part. ...
Intertarsal articulations are the joints of the tarsus. ...
Cuneonavicular Articulation (articulation of the navicular with the cuneiform bones). ...
The Plantar cuneonavicular ligaments are fibrous bands that connect the plantar surface of the navicular bone to the adjacent plantar surfaces of the three cuneiform bones. ...
Cuneonavicular Articulation (articulation of the navicular with the cuneiform bones). ...
Intercuneiform: plantar - dorsal - interosseous | | | Foot - other | Tarsometatarsal/Lisfranc: plantar - dorsal Intermetatarsal/metatarsal: plantar - dorsal - interosseous - superficial transverse - deep transverse Tarsometatarsal Articulations - These are arthrodial joints. ...
Intermetatarsal Articulations - The base of the first metatarsal is not connected with that of the second by any ligaments; in this respect the great toe resembles the thumb. ...
Metatarsophalangeal: plantar - collateral The metatarsophalangeal articulations are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metatarsal bones in shallow cavities on the ends of the first phalanges. ...
Interphalangeal: plantar - collateral | | | Arches of the foot | | | The interphalangeal articulations of the foot (articulations of the phalanges) are ginglymoid joints, and each has a plantar and two collateral ligaments. ...
In order to allow it to support the weight of the body in the erect posture with the least expenditure of material, the foot is constructed of a series of arches formed by the tarsal and metatarsal bones, and strengthened by the ligaments and tendons of the foot. ...
The Longitudinal arch of the foot can be broken down into several smaller arches: // The main arches are the antero-posterior arches, which may, for descriptive purposes, be regarded as divisible into two types—a medial and a lateral. ...
In addition to the longitudinal arches the foot presents a series of transverse arches. ...
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