NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Joint (building)

"HOW" (Head Of Wall) Building Joint: Concrete Masonry Unit Wall stopping short of the underside of a concrete slab above. The joint is penetrated both by electrical conduit (EMT = Electrical Metallic Tubing) and a steel pipe. Building joints are routinely penetrated by mechanical and electrical penetrants. For that reason, joint firestops that are also qualified to be used in mechanical, electrical and structural through-penetration firestop systems provide the best evidence of building code compliance because they have demonstrated the ability to cope with the heat that travels through to the unexposed side during an accidental or test fire exposure - without spontaneous ignition or degradation that would fail the hose-stream test or permit smoke migration.

Mechanical shaft with penetrated HOW Joint in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.

A building joint is a junction where building elements meet without applying a static load from one element to another. A firestop is a passive fire protection system of various components used to seal openings in fire-resistance rated wall and/or floor assemblies through bounding. ... Concrete being poured, raked and vibrated into place in residential construction in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... Polystyrene is a polymer made from the monomer styrene, a liquid hydrocarbon that is commercially manufactured from petroleum by the chemical industry. ... Sheets of stainless steel cover the Chrysler Building Thin sheets of gold leaf Sheet metal is simply metal formed into thin and flat pieces. ... Glass curtain wall of the Bauhaus Dessau. ... A firestop is a passive fire protection system of various components used to seal openings in fire-resistance rated wall and/or floor assemblies through bounding. ... Mineral wool, means fibres made from minerals or metal oxides, be they synthetic or natural. ... A firestop is a passive fire protection system of various components used to seal openings in fire-resistance rated wall and/or floor assemblies through bounding. ... Mineral wool, means fibres made from minerals or metal oxides, be they synthetic or natural. ... Concrete being poured, raked and vibrated into place in residential construction in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... A penetrant is the cause for a service penetration firestop. ... The steel cable of a colliery winding tower. ... Look up pipe in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A building code, or building control, is a set of rules that specify the minimum acceptable level of safety for constructed objects such as buildings and nonbuilding structures. ... In physics, heat, symbolized by Q, is defined as transfer of thermal energy [1] Generally, heat is a form of energy transfer associated with the different motions of atoms, molecules and other particles that comprise matter when it is hot and when it is cold. ... A Fire Test is a means of determining whether or not fire protection products meet minimum performance criteria as set out in a building code or other applicable legislation. ... Smoke from a wildfire Smoke is a suspension in air (aerosol) of small particles resulting from incomplete combustion of a fuel. ... Motto: Pride in our past, Faith in our future Area: 288. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman - Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 106 - Senate seats 24 Confederation July 1, 1867 (1st) Area Ranked 4th... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Qualification requirements

Such joints are often subject to movement, as a function of the building's design basis. Firestops must be able to demonstrate the ability to withstand operational movement prior to fire testing. Firestops for such building joints can be qualified to UL 2079 -- Tests for Fire Resistance of Building Joint Systems. A firestop is a passive fire protection system of various components used to seal openings in fire-resistance rated wall and/or floor assemblies through bounding. ... A Fire Test is a means of determining whether or not fire protection products meet minimum performance criteria as set out in a building code or other applicable legislation. ...

Whether or not the building elements forming the joint have a fire-resistance rating, the joint design must still consider the anticipated operational movement of each joint. Timing is also important, as freshly poured concrete shrinks particularly during the first few months of a new building, potentially causing joint size changes.

Perimeter slab edge

Firestopping at the "perimeter slab edge", which is gaps between the floors and the backpan of the curtain wall or precast concrete panels, are essential to slow the passage of fire and combustion gases between floors. It is important to note that the firestop at the perimeter slab edge is considered a continuation of the fire-resistance rating of the floor slab. The curtain wall itself, however, is not ordinarily required to have a rating. This causes a quandary as Compartmentalization (fire protection) is typically based upon closed compartments to avoid fire and smoke migrations beyond each engaged compartment. A curtain wall by its very nature prevents the complete compartment (or envelope). The use of fire sprinklers has been shown to mitigate this matter. As such, unless the building is sprinklered, fire may still travel up the curtain wall, if the glass on the exposed floor is shattered due to fire influence, causing flames to lick up the outside of the building. Falling glass can endanger pedestrians, firefighters and firehoses below. An example of this is the First Interstate Bank Fire in Los Angeles, California. The fire here leapfrogged up the tower by shattering the glass and then consuming the aluminium skeleton holding the glass. Aluminium's melting temperature is 660°C, whereas building fires can reach 1,100°C. The melting point of aluminium is typically reached within minutes of the start of a fire. Sprinklering of each floor has a profoundly positive effect on the fire safety of buildings with curtain walls. In the case of the aforementioned fire, it was specifically the activation of the newly installed sprinkler system, which halted the advance of the fire and allowed effective suppression. Had this not occurred, the tower would have collapsed onto fire crews and into an adjacent building, while on fire. Exceptionally sound cementitious spray fireproofing also helped to delay and ultimately to avoid the possible collapse of the building, due to having the structural steel skeleton of the building reach the critical temperature, as the post-mortem fire investigation report indicated. This fire proved the positive collective effect of both active fire protection (sprinklers) and passive fire protection (fireproofing). A firestop is a passive fire protection system of various components used to seal openings in fire-resistance rated wall and/or floor assemblies through bounding. ... Glass curtain wall of the Bauhaus Dessau. ... International time/temperature curves used to run commercial furnaces for testing the Fire-resistance rating of passive fire protection systems, such as firestops, fire doors, wall and floor assemblies, etc. ... In structures, such as land-based buildings, traffic tunnels, ships, aerospace vehicles, or submarines, compartmentalization is the fundamental basis and aim of passive fire protection. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area City 1,290. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area Ranked 3rd - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 kmÂ²) - Width 250 miles (400 km) - Length 770 miles (1,240 km) - % water 4. ... General Name, Symbol, Number aluminium, Al, 13 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 13, 3, p Appearance silvery Standard atomic weight 26. ... A forest fire Fire is a rapid oxidation process that creates light, heat, smoke, and releases energy in varying intensities. ... A Fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection measure, consisting of a water supply, providing adequate pressure and flowrate to a water distribution piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are connected. ... Fireproofing, a passive fire protection measure, subject to bounding, refers to the act of making materials or structures more resistant to fire, or to those materials themselves. ... Structural steel is steel construction material, a profile, formed with a specific shape and certain standards of chemical composition and strength. ... Active fire protection is one of the three types of structural fire protection. ... Fire-resistance rated wall assembly with fire door, cable tray penetration and intumescent [1] cable coating. ...

Head-of-Wall (HOW)

Where fire-resistance rated wall assemblies masonry or drywall, typically, meet the underside of the floor slab above, a movement joint results, which can be subject to compression, as the freshly placed concrete cures and shrinks all over a new building. Masonry in action; a Mason at work. ... For the musical group Drywall, see Drywall (musical project) Example of drywall with mud, the common interior building material. ...

Contents

Qualification requirements

Perimeter slab edge

Head-of-Wall (HOW)

See also

External links

Contents

Qualification requirements var ACE_AR = {Site: '756743', Size: '300250'};

Perimeter slab edge

Head-of-Wall (HOW)

See also

External links

Qualification requirements