Chromic acid
Image:Chromic acid.jpg
General
Systematic name	?
Other names	?
Molecular formula	CrH2O4
Molar mass	?.?? g/mol
Appearance	?
CAS number	7738-94-5
Properties
Density and phase	? g/cm3, ?
Solubility in water	? g/100 ml (? °C)
Melting point	? °C (? K)
Boiling point	? °C (? K)
Acidity (pKa)	?
Basicity (pKb)	?
Chiral rotation [α]D	? °
Viscosity	? cP at ? °C
Structure
Molecular shape	?
Coordination geometry	?
Crystal structure	?
Dipole moment	? D
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
Main hazards	?
NFPA 704
Flash point	? °C
R/S statement	R: ? S: ?
RTECS number	?
Supplementary data page
Structure & properties	n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Related compounds
Other anions	?
Other cations	?
Related ?	?
Related compounds	?
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25°C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

In chemistry, chromic acid (or 'Jones reagent') is a chromium (Cr) compound, yet to be isolated, that would have the formula H₂CrO₄. There is a related acid, also yet to be isolated called dichromic acid with the formula H₂Cr₂O₇. While these acids are not available, they are known through their divalent anions (chromate and dichromate respectively) and the compounds formed from them. Please note that the acid anhydride of chromic acid exists, chromium(VI) oxide or chromium trioxide (CrO₃), and that industrially, this compound is sometimes sold as "chromic acid". This compound is an intensely-colored dark red/orange brown, water-soluble, granular solid which is stable by itself, but is a strong oxidant which will react when mixed with many things that can be oxidized. IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic way of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... Molar mass is the mass of one mole of an element or chemical compound. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... Density (symbol: ρ - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per unit of volume. ... In the physical sciences, a phase is a set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties (i. ... A substance is soluble in a fluid if it dissolves in the fluid. ... Water is in dynamic equilibrium between the liquid and solid states at standard temperature and pressure. ... The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it can change state from a liquid to a gas throughout the bulk of the liquid. ... In chemistry and biochemistry, acid dissociation constant, the acidity constant, or the acid-ionization constant (Ka) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that indicates the extent of dissociation of hydrogen ions from an acid. ... In chemistry and biochemistry, acid dissociation constant, the acidity constant, or the acid-ionization constant (Ka) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that indicates the extent of dissociation of hydrogen ions from an acid. ... The specific rotation of a chemical compound [α]D is defined as the observed optical rotation (a) when light of 598 nanometer wavelength is passed through a sample with a sample path (l) of 0. ... The Pitch Drop Experiment at the University of Queensland. ... The poise (P) is the cgs unit of viscosity, 1 P = 1 g·cm-1·s-1 The SI analog is 1 pascal second (Pa·s) = 1 kg·m-1·s-1 = 10 P. It is named after Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille. ... In chemistry, hybridisation is the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new orbitals suitable for bonding. ... The coordination geometry of an atom is the geometrical pattern formed by its neighbors in a molecule or a crystal. ... Rose des Sables (Sand Rose), a formation of gypse crystal In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. ... A dipole (Greek: dyo = two and polos = pivot) is a pair of electric charges or magnetic poles of equal magnitude but opposite polarity (opposite electronic charges), separated by some (usually small) distance. ... The debye (symbol: D) is a derived CGS unit of electrical dipole moment. ... A material safety data sheet or MSDS is a form containing data regarding the properties of a particular substance. ... Worker safety and health is the prevention and reduction of the number of occupational safety and health hazards at the places of employment, providing safe and healthful working conditions. ... NFPA 704 is a standard maintained by the National Fire Protection Association. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The flashpoint of a fuel is the lowest temperature at which it can form an ignitable mix with air. ... Risk and Safety Statements, also known as R/S statements, R/S numbers, R/S phrases, and R/S sentences, is a system of hazard codes and phrases for labeling dangerous chemicals and compounds. ... RTECS, also known as Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, is a database of toxicity information compiled from the open scientific literature that is available for charge. ... The refractive index of a material is the factor by which electromagnetic radiation is slowed down (relative to vacuum) when it travels inside the material. ... The dielectric constant εr (represented as or K in some cases) is defined as the ratio: where εs is the static permittivity of the material in question, and ε0 is the vacuum permittivity. ... Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy or Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometry (UV/ VIS) involves the spectroscopy of photons (spectrophotometry). ... IR spectrum of a thin film of liquid ethanol. ... Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy is the name given to the technique which exploits the magnetic properties of nuclei. ... Mass spectrometry is a technique for separating ions by their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios. ... An ion is an elementary particle or system of elementary particles with a net electric charge. ... An ion is an elementary particle or system of elementary particles with a net electric charge. ... A question mark is a punctuation mark. ... In chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100. ... General Name, Symbol, Number chromium, Cr, 24 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 6 (VIB), 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Atomic properties Atomic weight 51. ... A chemical compound is a chemical substance formed from two or more elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... An acid (often represented by the generic formula AH) is typically a water-soluble, sour-tasting chemical compound. ... An anion is an ion with negative charge. ... A Sample of Ammonium Dichromate Chromates and Dichromates are salts of chromic acid and dichromic acid, respectively. ... Chromates and Dichromates are salts of chromic acid. ... In chemistry, an anhydride is typically an oxide of a nonmetallic element or an organic radical, capable of forming an acid by uniting with the elements of water. ... A solid is a state of matter, characterized by a definite volume and a definite shape (i. ... The most fundamental reactions in chemistry are the redox processes. ... A chemical reaction is a process involving one, two or more substances (called reactants), characterized by a chemical change and yielding one or more product(s) which are different from the reactants. ...

In all of the compounds discussed here, the element chromium is in oxidation state +6 (or VI). Chromium(VI) is often referred to as hexavalent chromium. Although chromium can exist in a number of oxidation states, hexavalent chromium is commonly reduced in redox reactions to a +3 oxidation state, where the Cr⁺³ ion is a distinctively different blue green color. Hexavalent chromium compounds are toxic and carcinogenic. A chemical element, often called simply element, is a substance that cannot be divided or changed into different substances by ordinary chemical methods. ... The oxidation state or oxidation number is defined as the sum of negative and positive charges in an atom, which indirectly indicates the number of electrons it has accepted or donated. ... The most fundamental reactions in chemistry are the redox processes. ... For a list of biologically injurious substances, including toxins and other materials, as well as their effects, see poison. ... In pathology, a carcinogen is any substance or agent that promotes cancer. ...

Chromic acid solutions are generally acidified aqueous solutions of chromate or dichromate salts. These solutions tend to be powerful oxidants, capable of destroying all organics in glassware and so often used for the cleaning of glass. Such solutions are often red-brown, orange, or yellow colored depending on concentration. An oxidizing agent is a substance used in electrochemistry that oxidizes another substance. ... Organic has several meanings and related topics. ... Laboratory glassware refers to a number of tools used by chemists and biologists in performing scientific experiments. ... Concentration is a very common concept used in chemistry and related fields. ...

Reactions

In organic chemistry, more dilute hexavalent chromium solutions can be used to oxidize a hydroxyl group and the carbon atom it is bonded to in a primary or secondary alcohol to a carbonyl group. Chromium trioxide and pyridinium hydrochloride (pyridine neutralized by HCl) can be used to form a pyridinium chlorochromate reagent under anhydrous conditions. When a primary alcohol is treated with anhydrous pyridinium chlorochromate in methylene chloride, the oxidation of the -CH₂OH group in primary alcohols will stop at the aldehyde group (-CHO).^[1] In contrast, other oxidizing solutions, such as aqueous potassium permanganate, will have a tendency to oxidize the -CH₂OH group all the way to a carboxyl group (-COOH). Dilute hexavalent chromium solutions will not oxidize a tertiary alcohol hydroxyl group. Because of the color change from a variation of orange to a blue-green color, a hexavalent chromium reagent can be formulated as a qualitative analytical test for the presence primary or secondary alcohols. For example, chromium trioxide dissolved in aqueous sulfuric acid solution has been used as such a test reagent.^[1] Dissolving table salt in water In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture of one or more substances (the solutes) dissolved in another substance (the solvent). ... Hydroxide is a functional group consisting of oxygen and hydrogen: -O−H It has a charge of 1-. The term hydroxyl group is used when the functional group -OH is counted as a substituent of an organic compound. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Atomic mass 12. ... In general usage, alcohol (from Arabic al-khwl الكحول, or al-ghawl الغول) refers almost always to ethanol, also known as grain alcohol, and often to any beverage that contains ethanol (see alcoholic beverage). ... In chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group composed of an atom of carbon double-bonded to an atom of oxygen. ... Pyridine is a clear liquid with an odor that is sour, putrid, and fish-like. ... Hydrogen chloride, also known under the name HCl, is a highly corrosive and toxic colorless gas that forms white fumes on contact with humidity. ... Pyridinium chlorochromate (also known as Pyridinium chloride), a reddish orange solid reagent, is used to oxidize primary or secondary alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. ... Dichloromethane or Methylene chloride is a chemical compound widely used as a solvent for organic materials. ... kjhfckjdsvsdv ... Potassium permanganate Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is an inorganic chemical compound composed of potassium (K+) and permanganate (MnO4-) ions. ... A carboxyl or carboxylic group is a functional group consisting of a carbon atom and an oxygen atom doubly bonded to each other. ... A reagent is any substance used in a chemical reaction. ... Sulfuric acid (British English: sulphuric acid), H2SO4, is a strong mineral acid. ...

References

1. Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Oxidation-Reduction and Organometallic Compounds (PDF)
2. Index of Organic Synthesis procedures utilizing Chromic acid