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Encyclopedia > Jordan Rift Valley
Northern section of the Great Rift Valley. The Sinai Peninsula is in center and the Dead Sea and Jordan River valley above
Northern section of the Great Rift Valley. The Sinai Peninsula is in center and the Dead Sea and Jordan River valley above
A 2003 satellite image of the region showing the Jordan Rift Valley
A 2003 satellite image of the region showing the Jordan Rift Valley

The Jordan Rift Valley (Arabic: الغور Al-Ghor or Al-Ghawr) is a 375-kilometer (km) long strike-slip fault zone some 5 kilometers wide in the north and 23 kilometers wide in the south[1] that forms part of the broader Great Rift Valley.[2] Located in modern-day Israel, Jordan, the West Bank and the Golan Heights, this geographic region includes the Jordan River, Hula Valley, Lake Tiberias and the Dead Sea, features created by the physiographic and geologic process underway.[3] A vertical displacement of more than 3000 meters has been caused by underlying faults, accounting for the area's unique climate and hydrology.[3] From NASA Photo taken during Gemini XI mission. ... From NASA Photo taken during Gemini XI mission. ... Sinai Peninsula, Gulf of Suez (west), Gulf of Aqaba (east) from Space Shuttle STS-40 For other uses of the word Sinai, please see: Sinai (disambiguation). ... The Dead Sea (Hebrew: , translated as Sea of Salt); (Arabic: ) is a salt lake between the West Bank and Israel to the west, and Jordan to the east. ... The Jordan River runs along the border between the West Bank and the Kingdom of Jordan Northern part of the Great Rift Valley as seen from space (NASA) The Jordan River Road sign In spring The Jordan River (Hebrew: נהר הירדן nehar hayarden, Arabic: نهر الأردن nahr al-urdun) is a river in Southwest... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (924x2370, 349 KB) Satellite image of Israel in January 2003. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (924x2370, 349 KB) Satellite image of Israel in January 2003. ... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ... Geologic faults, fault lines or simply faults are planar rock fractures, which show evidence of relative movement. ... Old fault exposed by roadcut near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Golan Heights (Hebrew: Ramat HaGolan, Arabic: Habat al-Å«lān) or Golan is a plateau on the border of Israel, Lebanon, Jordan and Syria. ... The Jordan River runs along the border between the West Bank and the Kingdom of Jordan Northern part of the Great Rift Valley as seen from space (NASA) The Jordan River Road sign In spring The Jordan River (Hebrew: נהר הירדן nehar hayarden, Arabic: نهر الأردن nahr al-urdun) is a river in Southwest... The Hula Valley is an agricultural region in northern Israel with abundant fresh water. ... The Sea of Galilee with the Jordan River flowing out of it to the south and into the Dead Sea The Sea of Galilee is Israels largest freshwater lake, approximately 53 kilometers (33 miles) in circumference, about 21 km (13 miles) long, and 13 km (8 miles) wide; it... The Dead Sea (Hebrew: , translated as Sea of Salt); (Arabic: ) is a salt lake between the West Bank and Israel to the west, and Jordan to the east. ... Geology (from Greek γη- (ge-, the earth) and λογος (logos, word, reason)) is the science and study of the Earth, its composition, structure, physical properties, history, and the processes that shape it. ... Water covers 70% of the Earths surface. ...


Origins and physical features

The Great Rift Valley was formed many million years ago in the Miocene epoch when the Arabian tectonic plate moved northward and then eastward away from Africa.[4] About three million years ago the valley of the Dead Sea was flooded by the Mediterranean Sea.[4] One million year later, the land between the Mediterranean and the Jordan Rift Valley rose so that the sea water stopped flooding the area.[4] The long bay eventually became an inland lake, the origins of the Dead Sea, which is fed mainly by the Jordan River which enters the lake from the north.[4] The Miocene Epoch is a period of time that extends from about 23. ... The Arabian plate is shown in bright yellow on this map The Arabian Plate is a continental tectonic plate covering the Arabian peninsula and extending northward to Turkey. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Composite satellite image of the Mediterranean Sea. ...


The lowest point in the Jordan Rift Valley is at the shores of the Dead Sea, which is also the lowest point on the surface of the earth at 400 meters below sea level.[3] Rising sharply to almost 1,000 meters in the west, and similarly in the east, the rift is a significant topographic feature over which few narrow paved roads and difficult mountain tracks lead.[1] The valley north of the Dead Sea has long been a site of agriculture because of water available from the Jordan River and numerous springs located on the valley's flanks.[3]


Dead Sea Rift

The Dead Sea Rift is located within the Dead Sea Transform,[5] a plate boundary separating the Arabian plate from the African plate and connecting the divergent plate boundary in the Red Sea to the convergent plate boundary in the Red Sea to the convergent plate boundary in the Taurus Mountains in southern Turkey[6]. Bridge across the Álfagjá rift valley in southwest Iceland, the boundary of the Eurasian and North American continental tectonic plates. ... The Arabian plate is shown in bright yellow on this map The Arabian Plate is a continental tectonic plate covering the Arabian peninsula and extending northward to Turkey. ...  The African plate, shown in pinkish-orange The African Plate is a tectonic plate covering the continent of Africa and extending westward to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. ... In mathematics, the concept of a limit is used to describe the behavior of a function, as its argument gets close to either some point, or infinity; or the behavior of a sequences elements, as their index approaches infinity. ... Location of the Red Sea The Red Sea is an inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. ... For a discussion of convergence and convergent series, see limit (mathematics). ... Demirkazık Summit [IN CHINA] The Taurus Mountains (Turkish: Toros DaÄŸları, also known as Ala-Dagh or Bulghar-Dagh) are a mountain range in the southeastern Anatolian plateau, from which the Euphrates (Turkish: Fırat) descends into Syria. ...


The interpretation of the tectonic regime that led to the development of the Dead Sea Rift is highly contested. Some consider it as a transform fault that accommodates a 105 km northwards displacement of the Arabian plate,[7] and trace its structural evolution to the early Miocene. Others presume that the Rift is an incipient oceanic spreading center, the northern extension of the Red Sea tectonic spreading center,[8] and the displacement along it is oblique, with approximately 10-15 km of extension and a similar amount of sinistral strike-slip. The evolution of the rift, according to this latter model, started in the late Miocene with the linear series of basins that propagated gradually along their axes to form the present rift valley.[9] The occurrence of a system of rivers that flowed from northern Arabia to the Mediterranean in the latest Miocene supports the acceptance of the extensional origin and mostly post-mid-Miocene age of the Dead Sea Rift. The Arabian plate is shown in bright yellow on this map The Arabian Plate is a continental tectonic plate covering the Arabian peninsula and extending northward to Turkey. ...


References

  1. ^ a b David Eshel (3 May 2006). Increasing Importance of the Jordan Rift Buffer. Defense Update.
  2. ^ A. Horowitz. The Jordan Rift Valley. Department of Archeaology, Tel Aviv Univeristy. 
  3. ^ a b c d Water Data Banks Project. Overview of Middle East Water Resources. Multilateral Working Group on Water Resources - Middle East Peace Process.
  4. ^ a b c d William Reville. Dead sea rapidly disappearing as River Jordan dries up.
  5. ^ Attallah, M. 1991. Origin and evaluation of The Dead Sea. In: Geothe-Institut, Geology of Jordan, Al Kutba Publishes.
  6. ^ Barberi, F., Capaldi, G., Gasperini, R., Marinelli, G., Santacrose R. Scandone, R., Treuil, M., and Vaert, J. 1980. Recent basaltic volcanism of Jordan and its implications on the geodynamic history of the Dead Sea shear zone. Int. Symp. Geodynamic of the afro-Arabian Rift System (Rome), pp. 667-682.
  7. ^ e.g. Freund et al., 1970; Jaffe and Garfunkel, 1987
  8. ^ Horowitz, 2001
  9. ^ Mart, 1994

  Results from FactBites:
 
Great Rift Valley - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (784 words)
The northernmost part of the Rift forms the valley of the Jordan River, which flows southward through the Hula Lake and the Sea of Galilee in Israel to the Dead Sea.
The Gulf of Aden is an eastward continuation of the rift - before the rift opened, the Arabian Peninsula was attached to the Horn of Africa - and from this point the rift continues as part of the Mid-oceanic ridge of the Indian Ocean.
In Kenya the valley is deepest to the north of Nairobi.
Rift Valley Fever Facts (834 words)
Rift Valley fever is a fever-causing viral disease that affects livestock and humans in Africa.
Rift valley fever is a fever-causing disease that affects livestock (including cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats) and humans in Africa.
The disease is caused by the Rift Valley fever virus.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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