 José Raúl Capablanca y Graupera (November 19, 1888 - March 8, 1942) was a Cuban world-class chess master in the early to mid-twentieth century. He was world chess champion between 1921 and 1927. Jose Raul Capablanca File links The following pages link to this file: World Chess Championship José Raúl Capablanca World Chess Championship/Gallery Categories: Images with unknown source ...
November 19 is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1888 is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ...
March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in Leap years). ...
1942 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Chess is a board game and mental sport for two players. ...
The 1984 World Chess Championship was between Anatoly Karpov (left) and Garry Kasparov (right). ...
1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
1927 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Chess career
Early years Referred to by many chess historians as the Mozart of chess, Capablanca was a chess prodigy whose brilliance was noted at an early age. W. A. Mozart, 1790 portrait by Johann Georg Edlinger Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (January 26, 1756 – December 5, 1791) is considered one of the greatest composers of European classical music (especially, of the Classical music era). ...
Chess prodigies are children who play chess so well that they are able to beat Masters and even Grandmasters, often at a very young age. ...
According to Capablanca, he learned the rules of the game at the age of four by watching his father play. He said he noticed his father make an illegal move with his knight, accused him of cheating, and then demonstrated what he had done. It may not have been possible for him to have learned the irregularities like castling, en passant and pawn promotion simply by watching, since these are rare in games among weak players. Castling is a special move in the game of chess involving the king and either rook. ...
Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...
See: Pawn (chess) for the piece used in the board game chess. ...
Capablanca was taken to the Havana Chess Club when he was five, where the leading players found it impossible to beat the young man even when he started a queen down. At the age of 12, he defeated Cuban national champion Juan Corzo by the score of 4 wins, 2 losses, and 6 draws. The queen is the most powerful piece in the game of chess. ...
Rapid rise In 1909 at the age of 20, Capablanca won a match against US champion Frank Marshall +8 -1 =14. Marshall was of a high enough caliber to have played a World Championship match just two years earlier. This article is about the early 20th century chess champion. ...
At Marshall's insistence, Capablanca played in a 1911 tournament in San Sebastian, Spain. It was one of the strongest tournaments of its day — in attendance were all the world's leading players except world champion Emmanuel Lasker. Ossip Bernstein and Aaron Nimzowitsch objected to his presence because he had not won a major tournament. But when Capablanca won the first round against Bernstein, which also won the brilliancy prize, Bernstein gained respect for Capablanca's talent and said that he wouldn't be surprised if Capablanca won the tournament. Nimzowitsch also made a disparaging remark about Capablanca when he commented on a Blitz chess game, and so they played a series of blitz games which Capablanca won easily. The masters conceded that Capablanca had no equal at fast chess. Capablanca won the tournament game with Nimzowitsch as well. Capablanca astounded the chess world by taking first place at San Sebastian, with a score of +6 -1 =7, ahead of Akiba Rubinstein, Carl Schlechter and Siegbert Tarrasch. Geography > Europe > Spain > Basque Country > Guipúzcoa San Sebastián with sailboats San Sebastián (Donostia in Basque) is the capital city of the province of Guipúzcoa, in the Spanish autonomous community of Basque Country. ...
Emanuel Lasker (December 24, 1868 – January 11, 1941) was a German chess player and mathematician, born at Berlinchen in Brandenburg (now Barlinek in Poland). ...
Ossip Samoilovitch Bernstein, (1882 to 1962), born in Imperial Russia in 1882 to a family of Jewish heritage, his family grew up in the anti-semitic atmosphere of pre-revolutionary Russia. ...
Aron Nimzowitsch (also Nimzovich or Niemzowitsch) (November 7, 1886, Riga - March 16, 1935, Denmark) was a Latvian chess grandmaster. ...
Ossip Samoilovitch Bernstein, (1882 to 1962), born in Imperial Russia in 1882 to a family of Jewish heritage, his family grew up in the anti-semitic atmosphere of pre-revolutionary Russia. ...
Ossip Samoilovitch Bernstein, (1882 to 1962), born in Imperial Russia in 1882 to a family of Jewish heritage, his family grew up in the anti-semitic atmosphere of pre-revolutionary Russia. ...
Aron Nimzowitsch (also Nimzovich or Niemzowitsch) (November 7, 1886, Riga - March 16, 1935, Denmark) was a Latvian chess grandmaster. ...
Blitz chess (also known as speed chess or blitzkrieg chess) is a game of chess where each side is given very little time to make all of their moves. ...
Aron Nimzowitsch (also Nimzovich or Niemzowitsch) (November 7, 1886, Riga - March 16, 1935, Denmark) was a Latvian chess grandmaster. ...
Akiba Rubinstein (born 12 December 1882, died 15 March 1961 in Antwerp) was a brilliant Polish chess master and a famous grandmaster at the beginning of the 20th century. ...
Carl Schlechter Carl Schlechter (March 2, 1874 - December 27, 1918) was a leading Austrian chess master at the turn of the 20th century. ...
Siegbert Tarrasch (March 5, 1862 – February 17, 1934) was one of the strongest chess players of the late 19th century. ...
In 1911, Capablanca challenged Emanuel Lasker for the world championship. Lasker accepted his challenge but proposed 17 conditions on the match. Capablanca disagreed with these conditions and the match did not take place. Emanuel Lasker (December 24, 1868 – January 11, 1941) was a German chess player and mathematician, born at Berlinchen in Brandenburg (now Barlinek in Poland). ...
In September 1913, Capablanca secured a job in the Cuban Foreign Office. He had no specific duties but to play chess. At a 1914 tournament in St. Petersburg, Capablanca met Lasker over the chessboard for the first time. Capablanca took the lead by one and a half points in the preliminaries but lost to him in the finals. Capablanca finished second to Lasker with a score of 13 points to Lasker's 13.5, but ahead of third-placed Alexander Alekhine. Emanuel Lasker (December 24, 1868 – January 11, 1941) was a German chess player and mathematician, born at Berlinchen in Brandenburg (now Barlinek in Poland). ...
Emanuel Lasker (December 24, 1868 – January 11, 1941) was a German chess player and mathematician, born at Berlinchen in Brandenburg (now Barlinek in Poland). ...
Alexander Alekhine Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine (sometimes spelled Aljechin) (in Russian, Александр Александрович Але́хин), (October 31 or November 1, 1892 – March 24, 1946) was a chess master, one of the great world chess champions. ...
World Champion In 1920, Lasker saw that Capablanca was becoming too strong, and resigned the title to him, saying, "You have earned the title not by the formality of a challenge, but by your brilliant mastery." Capablanca wanted to win it in a match, but Lasker insisted that he was now the challenger. They played a match in Havana in 1921, and Capablanca defeated Lasker +4 -0 =10. This feat of winning the world title without losing a game to the incumbent went unequalled for almost eight decades, until Vladimir Kramnik's win over Garry Kasparov +2 -0 =13 in 2000. Vladimir Kramnik (Владимир Крамник), born June 25, 1975, is a Russian chess player. ...
Garry Kasparov Garry Kimovich Kasparov (, pronounced with stress falling on the second syllable: kas-PA-rov) (born April 13, 1963) is a chess grandmaster and one of the strongest chess players in history. ...
As world champion, Capablanca was dominant in London in 1922. There was an increasing number of strong chess players and it was felt that the world champion should not be able to evade challenges to his title, as had been done in the past. At this tournament, some of the leading players of the time including Alexander Alekhine, Efim Bogoljubov, Geza Maroczy, Richard Réti, Akiba Rubinstein, Ksawery Tartakower and Milan Vidmar, met to discuss rules for the conduct of future world championships. Amongst other things, one of the conditions, which was proposed by Capablanca, was that the challenger would have to raise at least ten thousand dollars for the prize money. Alexander Alekhine Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine (sometimes spelled Aljechin) (in Russian, Александр Александрович Але́хин), (October 31 or November 1, 1892 – March 24, 1946) was a chess master, one of the great world chess champions. ...
Efim Bogoljubov (1889 - 1952) was a leading Ukrainian chess master. ...
Geza Maroczy (1870-1951) was a leading Hungarian chess master. ...
Richard Réti (1889 - 1929) was a Czechoslovakian chess player, although he was born in what was then Hungary. ...
Akiba Rubinstein (born 12 December 1882, died 15 March 1961 in Antwerp) was a brilliant Polish chess master and a famous grandmaster at the beginning of the 20th century. ...
Ksawery Tartakower (generally known as Saviely or Savielly in English, less often Xavier Tartacover or Xavier Tartakover; 1887–1956) was a leading Polish and French chess Grandmaster. ...
Milan Vidmar (June 22, 1885 - October 9, 1962) was a Slovene electrical engineer, chess player and chess theorist, born in Ljubljana, Austria-Hungary (now Slovenia). ...
In the following years, Rubinstein and Nimzowitsch challenged Capablanca but were unable to raise the necessary ten thousand dollars. Alekhine's challenge was backed by a group of Argentinian businessmen and the president of Argentina who guaranteed the funds. Akiba Rubinstein (born 12 December 1882, died 15 March 1961 in Antwerp) was a brilliant Polish chess master and a famous grandmaster at the beginning of the 20th century. ...
Aron Nimzowitsch (also Nimzovich or Niemzowitsch) (November 7, 1886, Riga - March 16, 1935, Denmark) was a Latvian chess grandmaster. ...
Alexander Alekhine Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine (sometimes spelled Aljechin) (in Russian, Александр Александрович Але́хин), (October 31 or November 1, 1892 – March 24, 1946) was a chess master, one of the great world chess champions. ...
Capablanca was second behind Lasker in New York 1924, and again ahead of third-placed Alekhine. He was third behind Efim Bogoljubov and Lasker in Moscow 1925. But he dominated the 6-player match tournament in New York 1927, not losing a game and 2.5 points ahead of Alekhine. Efim Bogoljubov (1889 - 1952) was a leading Ukrainian chess master. ...
Alexander Alekhine Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine (sometimes spelled Aljechin) (in Russian, Александр Александрович Але́хин), (October 31 or November 1, 1892 – March 24, 1946) was a chess master, one of the great world chess champions. ...
As World Champion, Capablanca also underwent major changes in his personal life. In December 1921, he married Gloria Simoni Beautucourt. They had a son, Jose Raul in 1923 and a daughter, Gloria in 1925, but the marriage ended in divorce.
Losing the title Capablanca's overwhelming success in New York 1927 made him the presumptive favorite for his match with Alekhine later that year. However, this match was Capablanca's undoing. He lost the first game, then took a narrow lead by winning games 3 and 5, but then lost games 11 and 12. He tried to get Alekhine to annul the match when both players were locked in a series of draws. Alekhine refused, and eventually prevailed +6 -3 =25. Alekhine refused to play a return match, although that was one of the conditions of the match. Instead, he played two matches with Efim Bogoljubov, who was arguably much weaker (Capablanca had a 5-0 record against him). Alekhine also refused to play in the same tournaments as Capablanca. Alexander Alekhine Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine (sometimes spelled Aljechin) (in Russian, Александр Александрович Але́хин), (October 31 or November 1, 1892 – March 24, 1946) was a chess master, one of the great world chess champions. ...
Efim Bogoljubov (1889 - 1952) was a leading Ukrainian chess master. ...
Alexander Alekhine Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine (sometimes spelled Aljechin) (in Russian, Александр Александрович Але́хин), (October 31 or November 1, 1892 – March 24, 1946) was a chess master, one of the great world chess champions. ...
Post-championship After Capablanca lost the title, he won a number of strong tournaments, and in 1931, defeated Max Euwe +2 -0 =8. Then he withdrew from serious chess, and played only less serious games at the Manhattan Chess Club and simultaneous displays. Reuben Fine recalls that in this period he could fight on almost level terms with Alekhine at blitz chess, but Capablanca beat him "mercilessly" on the few times they played. Max Euwe Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wə/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess player. ...
This page explains commonly used terms in chess in alphabetical order. ...
Reuben Fine (October 11, 1914 - March 26, 1993) was one of the best chess players in the world during the 1930s. ...
Blitz chess (also known as speed chess or blitzkrieg chess) is a game of chess where each side is given very little time to make all of their moves. ...
In 1934, Capablanca resumed serious play. He had begun dating Olga Chagodayev, whom he married in 1938, and she inspired him to play again. In 1935, Alekhine lost his title to Euwe. Capablanca had renewed hopes of regaining his title, and he won Moscow 1936, ahead of Botvinnik and Lasker. Then he tied with Botvinnik in the super-tournament of Nottingham 1936, ahead of Euwe, Lasker, Alekhine, and the leading young players. This was Capablanca's first game with Alekhine for the first time since the match, and he got his revenge. Their feud was still intense, so they were never seen seated together at the board for more than a few seconds. Each man made his move and then got up and walked round.
In 1937, Euwe, unlike Alekhine with respect to Capablanca, fulfilled his obligation to allow Alekhine a return match. Alekhine easily regained the title. After that there was no hope for Capablanca to regain his title, and Alekhine played no more world championship matches till the time of his death. The absolute control of the title by the title-holder was a major impetus for FIDE to take control of it, and try to ensure that the best challenger has a shot at the title. The Fédération Internationale des Échecs or World Chess Federation is an international organization that connects the various national chess federations around the world. ...
Capablanca's health took a turn for the worse. He suffered a small stroke during the AVRO tournament of 1938, and had the worst result of his career, 7th out of 8. But he could still produce masterpieces and other flashes of strength. In the 1939 Chess Olympiad in Buenos Aires, he made the best score on top board for Cuba, ahead of Alekhine and Paul Keres. This article or section should include material from Chess tournament history The Chess Olympiad is a chess event which has been officially organised by FIDE since 1927 and takes place every second year. ...
Buenos Aires (Good Air in Spanish, originally meaning Fair Winds) is the capital of Argentina and its largest city and port, as well as one of the largest cities in South America. ...
Paul Keres Paul Petrovich Keres (January 7, 1916 – June 5, 1975) (pronounced CARE-ess) was an Estonian chess grandmaster (born in Narva), one of the strongest chess players of all time, apart from the World chess champions. ...
On 7 March 1942, he was happily kibitzing a skittles game at Manhattan Chess Club in New York when he collapsed from a stroke. He was taken to Mount Sinai hospital, where he died the next morning. It was the same hospital that Emanuel Lasker had died in a year earlier. State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York Governor George Pataki Official languages None Area 141,205 km² (27th) - Land 122,409 km² - Water 18,795 km² (13. ...
A stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is suddenly interrupted by occlusion (an ischemic stroke- approximately 90%of strokes) or by hemorrhage (a hemorrhagic stroke - approximately 10% of strokes). ...
Mount Sinai Hospital (zip code 10029) is a hospital in New York City, New York, serving Manhattans Upper East Side and Harlem. ...
Emanuel Lasker (December 24, 1868 – January 11, 1941) was a German chess player and mathematician, born at Berlinchen in Brandenburg (now Barlinek in Poland). ...
Assessment Capablanca is still widely regarded as one of the greatest players ever. He is especially renowned for his quickness of judgement, freedom from making mistakes, endgame skill, and positional style. He is considered a "natural" player, spending very little time preparing for his tournament appearances. Instead he would start a tournament slowly and try to pick up new things from his rivals' game. In chess, the endgame (or end game or ending) refers to the stage of the game when there are few pieces left on the board. ...
In his entire chess career, Capablanca suffered fewer than fifty losses in serious games. He was undefeated for eight consecutive years, from 1916 to 1923 inclusive, a 63-game non-losing streak. This includes the win of the world championship. 1916 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ...
1923 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...
In fact, only Marshall, Lasker, Alekhine and Rudolf Spielmann won two or more serious games with the mature Capablanca, but their overall lifetime scores were minus (Capa beat Marshall +20 -2 =28, Lasker +6 -2 = 16, Alekhine +9 -7 =33), except for Spielmann who was level (+2 -2 =?). Of top players, only Keres had a narrow plus score against Capa (+1 -0 =5), but that win was when Capa was 50. Rudolf Spielmann (5 May 1883 - 20 August 1942) was an Austrian-Jewish chess player of the romantic school. ...
His bitter rival Alekhine wrote on Capablanca's death, "With his death, we have lost a very great chess genius whose like we shall never see again."
Capablanca founded no school per se, but his style was very influential in the games of two world champions Bobby Fischer and Anatoly Karpov. Mikhail Botvinnik also wrote how much he learned from Capablanca, and even pointed out that Alekhine received much schooling from him in positional play, before their fight for the world title made them bitter enemies. Fischer standing in front of a mock-up of a chess board, the game which made him famous. ...
Anatoli Karpov Anatoli Yevgenyevich Karpov (Анато́лий Евге́ньевич Ка́рпов) (born May 23, 1951) is a Russian chess grandmaster and former World Champion. ...
Mikhail Moiseevich Botvinnik (Михаи́л Моисе́евич Ботви́нник) (August 17, 1911 - May 5, 1995) was a Russian International Grandmaster and long-time World Champion of chess. ...
Botvinnik regarded Capablanca's book Chess Fundamentals as undoubtedly the best chess book ever written. In it, Capablanca pointed out that while the bishop was usually stronger than the knight, queen + knight was usually better than queen + bishop. Botvinnik credits Capablanca as the first with this insight. A bishop moves only diagonally. ...
Knights possible moves The knight (♘♞) (or, colloquially, horse) is a piece in the game of chess, representing a knight (armoured soldier) and often depicted as a horses head. ...
José Raúl Capablanca This image is a book cover. ...
José Raúl Capablanca This image is a book cover. ...
8:17 am, August 6, 1945, Japanese time. ...
December 7 is the 341st day (342nd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1925 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Draw death and changing the rules? Capablanca predicted that chess would in the near future die a death of draws, meaning that masters could, if they wanted to, draw every game. In chess, a draw is one of the possible outcomes of a game (the others being a win for white and a win for black). ...
To avoid such a fate, Capablanca suggested a new variation on chess, called "Capablanca Chess", to be played on a 10x8 board. His idea was that the added pieces and board size would increase the complexity of chess and allow the strongest player more opportunity to turn the game in his favor. Note that he proposed this complicated variant while he was world champion. Capablanca Chess is a variation on the game of chess that exists in several versions played on a board of either 10x10 or 10x8 squares. ...
Quotes about Capablanca - "Capablanca's planning of the game is so full of that freshness of his genius for position play, that every hypermodern player can only envy him." - Alexander Alekhine
- "Capablanca didn’t make separate moves - he was creating a chess picture. Nobody could compare with him in this." - Mikhail Botvinnik
- "I honestly feel very humble when I study Capablanca's games." - Max Euwe
- "I have known many chess players, but only one chess genius, Capablanca." - Emanuel Lasker
Richard Réti (1889 - 1929) was a Czechoslovakian chess player, although he was born in what was then Hungary. ...
Alexander Alekhine Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine (sometimes spelled Aljechin) (in Russian, Александр Александрович Але́хин), (October 31 or November 1, 1892 – March 24, 1946) was a chess master, one of the great world chess champions. ...
Mikhail Moiseevich Botvinnik (Михаи́л Моисе́евич Ботви́нник) (August 17, 1911 - May 5, 1995) was a Russian International Grandmaster and long-time World Champion of chess. ...
Max Euwe Machgielis (Max) Euwe (last name is pronounced /ø:wə/) (May 20, 1901 – November 26, 1981) was a Dutch chess player. ...
Emanuel Lasker (December 24, 1868 – January 11, 1941) was a German chess player and mathematician, born at Berlinchen in Brandenburg (now Barlinek in Poland). ...
Writings - A Primer of Chess by José Raúl Capablanca (Harvest Books, November 2002, ISBN 0156028077)
- Chess Fundamentals by José Raúl Capablanca (Everyman Chess, October 1994, ISBN 1857440730)
- My Chess Career by José Raúl Capablanca (Hardinge Simpole Limited, October 2003, ISBN 1843820919)
- World's Championship Matches, 1921 and 1927 by José Raúl Capablanca (Dover, June 1977, ISBN 0486231895)
Further reading - Grandmasters of Chess by Harold Schonberg, Lippincott, 1973. ISBN 0397010044
- World chess champions by Edward G. Winter, editor. 19981 ISBN 0080249041
- Capablanca's Best Chess Endings by Irving Chernev; Dover; February 1982. ISBN 0486242498
- Capablanca's Hundred Best Games of Chess by Harry Golombek (London, Bell, 1947). Available on Batsford reprint; 1971. ISBN 1879479478
- The Immortal Games of Capablanca by Fred Reinfeld (Dover Publications; Reprint edition, August 1, 1990. ISBN 0486263339
- Unknown Capablanca by David Hooper & Dale Brandreth; Dover; July 1993. ISBN 0486276147
- Twelve Great Chess Players and Their Best Games by Irving Chernev; Dover; August 1995. ISBN 0486286746
- Capablanca: A Compendium of Games, Notes, Articles, Correspondence, Illustrations and Other Rare Archival Materials on the Cuban Chess Genius Jose Raul Capablanca, 1888-1942 by Edward Winter (McFarland & Company, 1989) ISBN 0899504558
Irving Chernev was a prolific Russian-American chess author whose most famous book is Logical Chess: Move by Move (1957). ...
Harry Golombek (March 1, 1911–January 7, 1995), was a British chess player. ...
Fred Reinfeld (1910 - 1964) was an American chess player and writer. ...
External links
Emanuel Lasker (December 24, 1868 – January 11, 1941) was a German chess player and mathematician, born at Berlinchen in Brandenburg (now Barlinek in Poland). ...
The 1984 World Chess Championship was between Anatoly Karpov (left) and Garry Kasparov (right). ...
Alexander Alekhine Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine (sometimes spelled Aljechin) (in Russian, Александр Александрович Але́хин), (October 31 or November 1, 1892 – March 24, 1946) was a chess master, one of the great world chess champions. ...
See also: List of notable chess players, List of chess world championship matches. This is a list of chess players. ...
The following is a list of world chess championship matches (see World Chess Championship). ...
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