Sir Joseph Banks
Born	February 13, 1743(1743-02-13) London, England
Died	June 19, 1820 (aged 77) London, England
Occupation	Botanist
Spouse	Dorothea Banks
Parents	William Banks and Sarah Bate

Sir Joseph Banks, 1st Baronet, GCB, PRS (13 February 1743 – 19 June 1820) was an English naturalist, botanist and science patron. He took part in Captain James Cook's first great voyage (1768–1771) and around 80 species bear Banks' name. He is credited with the introduction to the West of eucalyptus, acacia, mimosa, and the genus named after him, Banksia. JoS. A. Bank Clothiers, Inc. ... Download high resolution version (642x845, 175 KB)In the public domain by age This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events February 14 - Henry Pelham becomes British Prime Minister February 21 - - The premiere in London of George Frideric Handels oratorio, Samson. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... is the 170th day of the year (171st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Botany is the scientific study of plant life. ... Badge of a Companion of the Order of the Bath (Military Division) Ribbon of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath)[1] is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on May 18, 1725. ... The President of the Royal Society (PRS) is the elected head of the Royal Society of London. ... is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events February 14 - Henry Pelham becomes British Prime Minister February 21 - - The premiere in London of George Frideric Handels oratorio, Samson. ... is the 170th day of the year (171st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Botany is the scientific study of plant life. ... This article is about the British explorer. ... Route of the first voyage of James Cook The First voyage of James Cook was the initial voyage of James Cook. ... 1768 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1771 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about the plant genus. ... For other uses, see Acacia (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Mimosa (disambiguation). ... Diversity About 80 species; see List of Banksia species Synonyms Sirmuellera<br. ...

Early life

A portrait of Banks painted in 1757, the artist is unknown but the painting has been attributed to Lemuel Francis Abbott or Johann Zoffany; the print under his right hand is a botanical illustration.^[1]

Banks was born in London to the wealthy William Banks, a prosperous Lincolnshire country squire and member of the House of Commons, and his wife Sarah, daughter of William Bate. Joseph was educated at Harrow School from the age of 9, and at Eton College from 1756; his fellow students included Constantine John Phipps. As a boy, he enjoyed exploring the Lincolnshire countryside and developed a keen interest in nature, history and botany. When Banks was 17 he was inoculated with smallpox, but he became ill and did not return to school. In late 1760 he was enrolled as a gentleman-commoner at Oxford University. At Oxford he matriculated at Christ Church and his studies were largely focussed on natural history rather than the classical curriculum. Determined to receive botanical instruction, he paid Cambridge botanist Israel Lyons to deliver a series of lectures at Oxford in 1764.^[2] Image File history File links Joesph_banks_as_a_boy. ... Image File history File links Joesph_banks_as_a_boy. ... Lemuel Francis Abbot was an English portrait painter, famous for his portrait of Horatio Nelson (currently hanging in the Terracotta Room of number 10 Downing Street) and for those of other naval officers and literary figures of the 18th century. ... Johann Zoffany (1733, Frankfurt - November 11, 1810, Strand-on-the-Green) was a German-born portrait painter who in late 18th-century England made his reputation with paintings depicting episodes from contemporary theatre and with portraits and conversation pieces (i. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Harrow School, (originally: The Free Grammar School of John Lyon; generally: Harrow), is an independent school for boys (aged 13-18), and is located in Harrow on the Hill in the London Borough of Harrow. ... The Kings College of Our Lady of Eton beside Windsor, commonly known as Eton College or just Eton, is a public school (privately funded and independent) for boys, founded in 1440 by King Henry VI. It is located in Eton, near Windsor in England, north of Windsor Castle, and... Constantine John Phipps, 2nd Baron Mulgrave (May 19, 1744 - October 10, 1792) was an English explorer. ... Smallpox (also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera) is a contagious disease unique to humans. ... The University of Oxford (informally Oxford University), located in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ...

Banks left Oxford for Chelsea in December 1763. He continued to attend until 1794, but he left that year without taking a degree. Banks' father died in 1761, and when Joseph turned 21 he inherited the impressive estate of Revesby Abbey, in Lincolnshire, becoming the local Squire and Magistrate, sharing his time between Lincolnshire and London. From his mother's home in Chelsea, he kept up his interest in science by attending the Chelsea Physic Garden of the Society of Apothecaries and the British museum, where he met Daniel Solander. He began to make friends among the scientific men of his day and to correspond with Carolus Linnaeus, whom he came to know through Solander. As Banks' influence increased, he became an advisor to King George III and urged the Monarch to support voyages of discovery to new lands, hoping to indulge his own interest in botany. Revesby Abbey was a Cistercian monastery located near the village of Revesby in Lincolnshire, England. ... For other places with the same name, see Lincolnshire (disambiguation). ... Daniel Carlsson Solander (February 19, 1733 – May 16, 1782) was a Swedish botanist. ... Carl Linnaeus, Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as  , (May 13, 1707[1] – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[2] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ...

Newfoundland and Labrador

In 1766 he was elected to the Royal Society, and in the same year accompanied Phipps to Newfoundland and Labrador with a view of studying their natural history. He established his name by publishing the first Linnean descriptions of the plants and animals of Newfoundland and Labrador.^[3] For other uses, see Royal Society (disambiguation). ... This article is about the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. ...

Endeavour voyage

Banks was promptly appointed to a joint Royal Navy/Royal Society scientific expedition to the south Pacific Ocean on HM Bark Endeavour, 1768- 1771. This was the first of James Cook's voyages of discovery into that region. This voyage went to Brazil were Banks made the first scientific description of a now common garden plant, bougainvillea (named after Cook's French counterpart, Louis-Antoine de Bougainville) and other parts of South America. The voyage progressed to Tahiti (where the transit of Venus was observed, the overt purpose of the mission), New Zealand, and the east coast of Australia where Cook mapped the coastline and made landfall at Botany Bay (present-day suburban Sydney) and at Endeavour River (near modern Cooktown) in Queensland, where they spent almost seven weeks ashore while their ship was repaired after foundering on the Great Barrier Reef^[3]. Before he left England, Banks had become a Freemason and is thus held to be the first Freemason known to have been in New Zealand and Australia. While in Australia, Banks, the Swedish botanist Daniel Solander and the Finnish botanist Dr. Herman Spöring made the first major collection of Australian flora, describing many species new to science. Almost 800 specimems were illustrated by the artist Sydney Parkinson and appear in Banks' Florilegium, finally published in thirty-five volumes between 1980 and 1990. This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ... For other uses, see Royal Society (disambiguation). ... HMB Endeavour was a small 18th century British sailing ship, famous for being the vessel commanded by Lt. ... This article is about the British explorer. ... Species Selected species: Bougainvillea buttiana Bougainvillea glabra Bougainvillea peruviana Bougainvillea spectabilis Bougainvillea spinosa Bougainvillea is a genus of flowering plants native to South America from Brazil west to Peru and south to southern Argentina (Chubut Province). ... Louis-Antoine de Bougainville (1729-1811) Louis Antoine de Bougainville (November 11, 1729&#8211;August 31, 1811) was a French navigator and military commander. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... Tahiti is the largest island in the Windward group of the French Polynesia, located in the archipelago of Society Islands in the southern Pacific Ocean. ... The 2004 transit of Venus A transit of Venus across the Sun takes place when the planet Venus passes directly between the Sun and Earth, obscuring a small portion of the Suns disk. ... For other Botany Bays see Botany Bay (disambiguation) Bicentennial Monument at Botany Bay Botany Bay is a bay in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, a few kilometers south of the central business district. ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ... Endeavour River locator map The Endeavour River 15°28′S 145°17′E on Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland, Australia, was named in 1770 by Lt. ... Cooktown is the northernmost town on the East coast of Australia, located at 15°28&#8242; S 145°17&#8242; E on Cape York Peninsula in Far North Queensland, Australia. ... Slogan or Nickname: Sunshine State, Smart State Motto(s): Audax at Fidelis (Bold but Faithful) Other Australian states and territories Capital Brisbane Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Quentin Bryce Premier Anna Bligh (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 28  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05)  - Product ($m)  $158,506 (3rd... For other uses, see Ship (disambiguation). ... The Great Barrier Reef is the worlds largest coral reef system,[1][2] composed of roughly 3,000 individual reefs and 900 islands stretching for 2,600 kilometres (1,616 mi) over an area of approximately 344,400 square kilometres (132,974 sq mi). ... “Freemasons” redirects here. ... Daniel Carlsson Solander (February 19, 1733 – May 16, 1782) was a Swedish botanist. ... Dr. Herman Diedrich Spöring Jr. ... Sydney Parkinson (1745 - January 1771) was a Scottish natural history artist. ... Acacia cunninghamii from the 1900 Illustrations of Australian Plants release of part of Florilegium in black and white. ...

Banks arrived back in England on 12 July 1771 and immediately became famous. He intended to go with Cook on his second voyage which began on 13 May 1772, but difficulties arose about the accommodation for Banks and his assistants, and he decided not to go. In July of the same year he visited the Isle of Wight, the western islands of Scotland and Iceland^[3] with Daniel Solander aboard the Sir Lawrence and returned with many botanical specimens. When he settled in London he began work on the Banks' Florilegium. He kept in touch with most of the scientists of his time, and added a fresh interest when elected to the Dilettante Society in 1774. He was afterwards secretary of this society from 1778 to 1797. On 30 November 1778 he was elected President of the Royal Society^[3], a position he was to hold with great distinction for over 41 years. He married in March 1779, Dorothea, daughter of W. W. Hugesson, and settled in a large house in 32 Soho Square, now occupied by 20th Century Fox, which continued to be his London residence for the remainder of his life. His sister Sarah Sophia Banks lived with Banks and his wife. There he welcomed the scientists, students and authors of his period, and many distinguished foreign visitors. He had as librarian and curator of his collections, Solander, Jonas Dryander, and Robert Brown in succession. is the 193rd day of the year (194th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1771 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... is the 133rd day of the year (134th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1772 (MDCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Isle of Wight (disambiguation). ... This article is about the country. ... Acacia cunninghamii from the 1900 Illustrations of Australian Plants release of part of Florilegium in black and white. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1778 (MDCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... The President of the Royal Society (PRS) is the elected head of the Royal Society of London. ... Sarah Sophia Banks (October 28, 1744 - September 27, 1818) was an English collector of antiquarian items and sister of the naturalist Joseph Banks. ... Jonas Carlsson Dryander (March 5, 1748 – October 19, 1810) was a Swedish botanist. ... Robert Brown (1773–1858) Robert Brown (December 21, 1773–June 10, 1858) is acknowledged as the leading British botanist to collect in Australia during the first half of the 19th century. ...

Banks was made a baronet in 1781^[3], three years after being elected president of the Royal Society. The latter position he would hold for a record forty-two years, and from it he could direct the course of British science for the first part of the 19th century. During much of this time, Banks was an informal adviser to King George III on the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, a position that was formalized in 1797. Banks dispatched explorers and botanists to many parts of the world; through these efforts Kew Gardens became arguably the pre-eminent botanical gardens in the world, with many species being introduced to Europe through them. He was directly responsible for several famous voyages, including that of George Vancouver to the Pacific Northwest of North America, and William Bligh's voyages to transplant breadfruit from the South Pacific to the Caribbean Sea islands; the latter brought about the famous mutiny on HMAV Bounty. The redoubtable Bligh was also appointed governor of New South Wales on Banks' recommendation, which in turn led to the Rum Rebellion of 1808. Banks was also major financial supporter of William Smith in his decade-long efforts to create a geological map of England, the first geological map of an entire country in history. Banks also chose Allan Cunningham for voyages to Brazil and the north and north-west coasts of Australia to collect specimens. For the brush-footed butterfly species, see Euthalia nais. ... “George III” redirects here. ... “Kew Gardens” redirects here. ... 1797 (MDCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... A life sized statue covered in gold of George Vancouver on top of the British Columbia Parliament Buildings Captain George Vancouver RN (June 22, 1757 – May 12, 1798) was an officer of the Royal Navy, best known for his exploration of North America, including the Pacific coast along the modern... The Pacific Northwest from space The Pacific Northwest, abbreviated PNW, or PacNW is a region in the northwest of North America. ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ... 1814 portrait of William Bligh Vice-Admiral William Bligh FRS RN (9 September 1754 – 7 December 1817) was an officer of the British Royal Navy and colonial administrator. ... Binomial name Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg The Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a tree and fruit native to the Malay Peninsula and western Pacific islands. ... Map of Central America and the Caribbean The Caribbean Sea (pronounced or ) is a tropical sea in the Western Hemisphere, part of the Atlantic Ocean, southeast of the Gulf of Mexico. ... For other uses, see Mutiny on the Bounty (disambiguation). ... This article is about the Australian rebellion. ... William Smith. ... Portait of Allan Cunningham Allan Cunningham (13 July 1791 – 27 June 1839) was an English botanist and explorer, primarily known for his travels in New South Wales to collect plants. ...

It was the time in Australia, however, which was to lead to Banks' interest in the British colonization of that continent. He was to be the greatest proponent of settlement in New South Wales, as is hinted by its early colloquial name: Botany Bay. The identification may have been even closer, as the name "Banksia" was proposed for the region by Linnaeus. In the end, a genus of Proteaceae was named in his honour as Banksia^[3]. In 1779 Banks, giving evidence before a committee of the House of Commons, had stated that in his opinion the place most eligible for the reception of convicts "was Botany Bay, on the coast of New Holland". His interest did not stop there, for when the settlement was made, and for 20 years afterwards, his fostering care and influence was always being exercised. He was in fact the general adviser to the government on all Australian matters. He arranged that a large number of useful trees and plants should be sent out in the supply ship Guardian which, however, was unfortunately wrecked, and every vessel that came from New South Wales brought plants or animals or geological and other specimens to Banks. He was continually called on for help in developing the agriculture and trade of the colony, and his influence was used in connection with the sending out of early free settlers one of whom, a young gardener George Suttor, afterwards wrote a memoir of Banks. The three early governors, Arthur Phillip, John Hunter, and Philip Gidley King, were continually in correspondence with him. He was interested in the explorations of Matthew Flinders, George Bass, and Lieutenant James Grant, and among his paid helpers were George Caley, Robert Brown, and Allan Cunningham. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Colonialism. ... NSW redirects here. ... For other Botany Bays see Botany Bay (disambiguation) Bicentennial Monument at Botany Bay Botany Bay is a bay in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, a few kilometers south of the central business district. ... Genera See text The Proteaceae are a large family of flowering plants, which includes 75-80 genera and 1500 species of evergreen trees, shrubs, and herbs. ... Diversity About 80 species; see List of Banksia species Synonyms Sirmuellera<br. ... George Suttor (11 June 1774 – 5 May 1859) was a pioneer settler of Australia. ... Admiral Arthur Phillip RN (11 October 1738 – 31 August 1814) was a British naval officer and colonial administrator. ... Several people are known by the name John Hunter: John Hunter (surgeon), (1728 - 1793), was a surgeon and anatomist. ... Philip Gidley King Naval pioneer and colonial governor Captain Philip Gidley King RN (23 April 1758 – 3 September 1808) was an English naval officer and colonial administrator. ... Captain Matthew Flinders RN (16 March 1774 – 19 July 1814) was one of the most accomplished navigators and cartographers of his age. ... George Bass George Bass, British naval surgeon and explorer of Australia (1771 – unknown, post 1803), was born at Aswarby, a hamlet near Sleaford Lincolnshire and was educated at Boston Grammar School. ... There have been several people named James Grant. ... For aviation pioneer see Sir George Cayley George Caley (June 10, 1770 - May 23, 1829) was an English botanist and explorer in Australia. ... Allan Cunningham (December 7, 1784 _ October 30, 1842) was a Scottish poet and author. ...

Late life

Banks's health began to fail early in the nineteenth century and he suffered much from gout^[3] every winter. After 1805 he practically lost the use of his legs, and had to be wheeled to his meetings in a chair. His mind remained as vigorous as ever. He had been a member of the Society of Antiquaries nearly all his life, and he developed very much his interest in archaeology in his later years. Kew Gardens had always been a special interest, and his collectors had contributed much to its development. Generally he had done most valuable work for both horticulture and agriculture. In May 1820 he forwarded his resignation as president of the Royal Society but withdrew it at the request of the council. On 19 June 1820 he died. Lady Banks survived him but there were no children^[3]. is the 170th day of the year (171st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

Legacy

Banks' impact on history was as a systematizer par excellence, very much in step with his times. He was also a major supporter of the internationalist nature of science, both being actively involved in keeping open the lines of communication with continental scientists during the Napoleonic Wars and in introducing the British people to the wonders of the wider world. As befits someone with such a role in opening the South Pacific to Europe, his name dots the map of the region: Banks Peninsula on South Island, New Zealand, the Banks Islands in modern-day Vanuatu and Banks Island in the Northwest Territories, Canada. Combatants Austria[a] Portugal Prussia[a] Russia[b] Sicily[c] Sardinia  Spain[d]  Sweden[e] United Kingdom French Empire Holland[f] Italy Etruria[g] Naples[h] Duchy of Warsaw[i] Confederation of the Rhine[j] Bavaria Saxony Westphalia Württemberg Denmark-Norway[k] Commanders Archduke Charles Prince Schwarzenberg Karl Mack... Banks Peninsula has a roughly circular shape, with many bays and two deep harbours. ... The South Island The South Island is the larger of the two major islands of New Zealand, the other being the more populous North Island. ... The Banks Islands (or ÃŽles Banks) are a group of islands in northern Vanuatu. ... Banks Island, Northwest Territories. ... For the former United States territory, see Northwest Territory. ...

The Canberra suburb of Banks and the Sydney suburb of Bankstown are named after him. Banks also appeared on the paper five dollar note in the Australian currency before it was replaced by the new plastic currency. For other uses, see Canberra (disambiguation). ... Banks (postcode 2906) is a suburb in the Canberra, Australia district of Tuggeranong. ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ... Bankstown is a suburb in south-western Sydney, in the state of New South Wales Australia. ... The banknotes of Australian dollars, issued in 1966. ...

In Lincoln The Sir Joseph Banks Conservatory can be found at The Lawn, Lincoln adjacent to Lincoln Castle, and is a popular tourist attraction with a tropical hot house themed with plants reminiscent of the voyages of its namesake, Sir Joseph Banks, including many samples of vegetation from across the world, including Australia. Lincoln (pronounced //) is a cathedral city and county town of Lincolnshire, England. ... The Sir Joseph Banks Conservatory in Lincoln, UK is named after the British explorer and naturalist who, as long-time president of the Royal Society, became known for his promotion of science. ... The Lawn, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, Great Britain is a former mental illness hospital, now used as a visitor attraction. ... A view of the East Gate of Lincoln Castle. ...

John Pringle. ... For other uses, see Royal Society (disambiguation). ... William Hyde Wollaston William Hyde Wollaston FRS (August 6, 1766 – December 22, 1828) was an English chemist and physicist who is famous for discovering two chemical elements and for developing a way to process platinum ore. ... This is a list of botanists by their author abbreviation, including that established by Brummitt & Powell (1992), designed for citation in the botanical names they have published. ... In botanical nomenclature, author citation refers to the person (or team) who valid published the name, i. ... A botanical name is a formal name conforming to the ICBN. As with its zoological and bacterial equivalents it may also be called a scientific name. Botanical names may be in one part (genus and above), two parts (species) or three parts (below the rank of species). ...

Quotes

• "Most of my friends want me to go on a Grand Tour. Anyone can tour the Continent, my Grand Tour will be a trip around the world."

For other uses, see Grand Tour (disambiguation). ... Animated, colour-coded map showing the various continents. ...

Bibliography

An excellent and finely detailed biography of Banks was written by Patrick O'Brian. O'Brian based his characters Joseph Blaine and Stephen Maturin both to some extent on Banks (in the Aubrey–Maturin series of novels). Patrick OBrian (12 December 1914 – 2 January 2000; born as Richard Patrick Russ) was an English novelist and translator, best known for his Aubrey–Maturin series of novels set in the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars and centered on the friendship of Captain Jack Aubrey and the Irish... The Aubrey–Maturin series, also known as the Aubreyad,[1] consists of a sequence of 20 completed and one unfinished historical novels by Patrick OBrian, set during the Napoleonic Wars and centering on the friendship between Captain Jack Aubrey of the Royal Navy and his ships surgeon Stephen...

• O'Brian, Patrick. 1987. Joseph Banks: A Life. The Harvill Press, London. Paperback reprint, 1989. ISBN 1-86046-406-8
• Sex, Botany & Empire: The Story Of Carl Linnaeus And Joseph Banks. Columbia University Press. Patricia Fara. ISBN 0-231-13426-6. A short book about the exploits of Joseph Banks and his relationship with Carl Linneaus
• Gascoigne, John, Joseph Banks and the English Enlightenment: Useful Knowledge and Polite Culture, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1994. ISBN 0-521-45077-2. Hardback
• Gascoigne, John. 1998. Science in the Service of Empire: Joseph Banks, The British State and the Uses of Science in the Age of Revolution. Cambridge University Press. (cloth)
• Lysaght, Dr. Averil M., Joseph Banks in Newfoundland and Labrador, 1766. Consolidation of Banks diaries and other writings while in Newfoundland.
• Kryza, Frank T., "The Race to Timbuktu: In Search of Africa's City of Gold" Banks hand in the exploration of Africa.
• Davies, Martin, 2005.The Conjurer's Bird A novel based on a mix of historical fact and conjecture of Banks' early life.

References

1. ^ O'Brian, P. 1987. Joseph Banks: A Life. Collins Harvill. ISBN 0-00-217350-6 p 23-24
2. ^ John Gascoigne, Banks, Sir Joseph, baronet (1743–1820), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h} L. A. Gilbert (1966). Banks, Sir Joseph (1743 - 1820). Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 1 pp 52-55. MUP. Retrieved on 2007-11-06.

Additional references listed by the Australian Dictionary of Biography: The Dictionary of Australian Biography is a reference work containing information on notable people associated with Australian history. ... Melbourne University Publishing (MUP) is the book publishing arm of the University of Melbourne (Australia). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

A. Duncan, A Short Account of the Life of the Right Honourable Sir Joseph Banks (Edinb, 1821); G. Mackaness, Sir Joseph Banks. His Relations with Australia (Syd, 1936); H. C. Cameron, Sir Joseph Banks, K.B., P.R.S.; the Autocrat of the Philosophers (Lond, 1952); W. R. Dawson (ed), The Banks Letters (Lond, 1958); J. C. Beaglehole (ed), The Endeavour Journal of Joseph Banks, 1768-1771, vols 1-2 (Syd, 1962); H. B. Carter, His Majesty's Spanish Flock: Sir Joseph Banks and the Merinos of George III of England (Syd, 1964); L. A. Gilbert, Botanical Investigation of Eastern Seaboard Australia, 1788-1810 (B.A. thesis, University of New England, 1962); Joseph Banks papers (State Library of New South Wales, and National Library of Australia).

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Joseph Banks

• Works by Joseph Banks at Project Gutenberg Australia (note, might still be copyright in other countries)
• Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
• The Endeavour Journal of Joseph Banks, 1768-1771 transcript by the State Library of New South Wales
• Banks' Descriptions in the Journal of Places and Peoples encountered during the Endeavour Voyage
• Guide to the papers of Sir Joseph Banks held and digitised by the National Library of Australia
• Correspondence concerning Iceland : written to Sir Joseph Banks, 1772-1818, from the University of Wisconsin Digital Collections
• *Lovell, Jennifer. "A Bath Butterfly Botany and Eighteenth Century Sexual Politics." National Library of Australia News 15.7 (April 2005).
• Chambers, Neil. "The Letters of Sir Joseph Banks: A Selection, 1768-1820." Publication of a selection of Banks's personal correspondence.