Joseph-Simon Gallieni

Joseph Simon Gallieni (24 April 1849 - 27 May 1916) was a French military leader in the French colonies and later in the First World War. Image File history File links Joseph-Simon_Gallieni. ... Image File history File links Joseph-Simon_Gallieni. ... April 24 is the 114th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (115th in leap years). ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... May 27 is the 147th day (148th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 218 days remaining. ... Year 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Map of the first (light blue) and second (dark blue — plain and hachured) French colonial empires France had colonial possessions, in various forms, from the beginning of the 17th century until the 1960s. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ...

Early Life and Career

Gallieni was born in Saint-Beat, in the department of Haute-Garonne. He was educated at the Prytanée Militaire in La Flèche, and then the military academy in Saint-Cyr, becoming a Second Lieutenant in the French Colonial ForcesMarines before serving in the Franco-Prussian War. He was promoted to Lieutenant in 1873 and Captain in 1878. He was later posted to Africa in the mid-1870s, taking part in explorations and various military expeditions. Haute-Garonne is a département in the southwest of France named after the Garonne river. ... The entrance gate of the Prytanee National Militaire The Prytanée National Militaire is a French school managed by the military, offering regular high-school education as well as special preparatory school classes, equivalent in level to the first years of university, for students who wish to enter French military... La Flèche is a commune of the Sarthe département in France, on the banks of the Loir river. ... Saint-Cyr can refer to: École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr, a French military academy. ... Second Lieutenant is the lowest commissioned rank in many armed forces. ... Combatants Second French Empire North German Confederation allied with south German states (later German Empire) Commanders Napoleon III # Otto Von Bismarck Helmuth von Moltke the Elder Strength 400,000[] 1,200,000[] Casualties 150,000 dead or wounded 284,000 captured 350,000 civilian [] 70,000 dead or wounded 200... Lieutenant is a military, naval, paramilitary, fire service or police officer rank. ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Captain is a nautical term, an organizational title, and a rank in various uniformed organizations. ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... A world map showing the continent of Africa. ... // The invention of the telephone (1876) by Alexander Graham Bell. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...

After serving in Martinique, Gallieni was made governor of French Sudan, during which time he successfully quelled a rebellion by Sudanese insurgents under Mahmadu Lamine. From 1892-96 he served in French Indochina commanding the second military division of the territory, before being dispatched to Madagascar. Here he again suppressed a revolt, this time by monarchist forces. He served as governor of Madagascar until 1905. When Gallieni resigned the governorship, Madagascar enjoyed peace and a considerable measure of prosperity, thereby earning himself a reputation as a fair, just governor. French Sudan (Fr. ... Look up rebellion in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... al-Hajj Mahmadu Lamine (d. ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... French Indochina was a federation of protectorates in Southeast Asia, part of the French colonial empire. ... Look up division in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Monarchism is the advocacy of the establishment, preservation, or restoration of a monarchy. ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ...

A favored choice for supreme commander of the French Army in 1911, Gallieni declined the position in favour of Joseph Joffre, pleading advancing age and ill-health. Commander is a military rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service. ... The French Army (French: Armée de Terre) is the land-based component of the French Armed Forces. ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... Joseph Jacques Césaire Joffre (January 12, 1852 - January 3, 1931) was a Catalan French general who became prominent in the battles of World War I. Joffre was born in Rivesaltes, Roussillon. ...

World War One

Retiring from the army in April 1914, Gallieni was recalled in August to assist in the defence of Paris prior to the First Battle of the Marne. Joffre, wary of Gallieni's influence and reputation, marginalised Gallieni's role to an extent. Joffre kept him at arm's length from headquarters, although it is widely believed that Gallieni's energy and foresight was what saved Paris from the Germans. 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ... Combatants France United Kingdom German Empire Commanders Joseph Joffre John French Helmuth von Moltke Karl von Bülow Alexander von Kluck Strength 1,071,000 1,485,000 Casualties Approximately 263,000: 250,000 French casualties (80,000 dead) 13,000 British casualties (1,700 dead) Approximately 250,000 total...

Gallieni saw an opportunity to attack when the German First Army turned east in early September, sending the Sixth Army to strike its flank, and subsequently rushing reserves to the front by commandeered taxis in response to German counter-attacks. Upon seeing the "taxicab army" ferrying troops to the front, Gallieni made one of the most oft-quoted remarks of the First World War: "Eh bien, voilà au moins qui n'est pas banal!" ("Well, here at least is something out of the ordinary!"). The actual effects of the "taxicab army" on the French victory at the Marne may have been more modest than the myth. Credit for the success of the defence of Paris was largely assigned to Joffre. The German First Army (German: ) was a World War I and World War II field army. ... A military reserve force is a military organization composed of part-time military personnel, and sometimes civilians, who are available to fight when a nation mobilizes for total war or to defend against invasion. ... A taxis (plural taxes, pronounced takseez) is an innate behavioral response by an organism (or cell) to a directional stimulus (a stimulus from a particular direction) whereby an organism moves (orientation movement) either towards (positive taxis) or away from (negative taxis) the stimulus. ... The Marne is a river in France, a tributary of the Seine in the area east and southeast of Paris. ...

Gallieni subsequently served as minister of War in October 1915 before retiring, again citing ill-health in March 1916; his relationship with Joffre had proved a quarrelsome one, particularly over the tactics used at Verdun. The strain of high office having broken his already fragile health, Joseph Gallieni died in May 1916. He was posthumously appointed a Marshal of France, in 1921. The Minister of Defence (Ministre de la Défense) is the French government cabinet member charged with running the military of France. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... Combatants France German Empire Commanders Philippe Pétain Robert Nivelle Erich von Falkenhayn Strength About 30,000 on 21 February 1916 About 150,000 on 21 February 1916 Casualties 378,000; of whom 120,000 died 337,000; of whom 100,000 died The Battle of Verdun was one of... Baton of a modern Marshal of France The Marshal of France (French: Maréchal de France) is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for full calendar). ...