Joseph Joachim

Joseph Joachim (June 28, 1831 – August 15, 1907) (pronounced YO-a-chim) was a violinist, conductor, composer and teacher. He is regarded as one of the most influential violinists of all time. Image File history File links Reutlingerphoto. ... Image File history File links Reutlingerphoto. ... June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ... Leopold I 1831 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... A violinist is an instrumentalist who plays the violin. ... See Conductor for other possible uses of the word. ... A composer is a person who writes music. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

Life

Joseph Joachim was born in Kittsee (Kopčany / Köpcsény), near Bratislava and Eisenstadt, in today's Burgenland area of Austria. At the time, Kittsee was part of the Esterhazy holdings in Hungary, and Joachim is considered to be Hungarian. Kittsee (Köpcsény) is a city in Bezirk Neusiedl am See, Burgenland. ... Bratislava is the capital of Slovakia and the countrys largest city, with a population of some 450,000. ... Eisenstadt (Hungarian Kismarton, Croatian Željezno) is a city in Austria, the state capital of Burgenland. ... Burgenland (Hungarian Őrvidék or FelsÅ‘Å‘rvidék, Croatian Gradišće, Slovenian Gradiščansko) is the easternmost state or Land of Austria. ...

Joseph Joachim's birth house in Kittsee.

In 1833 his family moved to Pest, where he studied violin with Stanislaus Serwaczynski, the concertmaster of the opera in Pest. (Serwaczynski later moved to Lublin, Poland, where he taught Wieniawski). In 1839, Joachim continued his studies in Vienna (briefly with Miska Hauser and Georg Hellmesberger, Sr.; finally — and most significantly— with Joseph Böhm). He was taken by his cousin, Fanny Wittgenstein to live and study in Leipzig, where he became a protégé of Felix Mendelssohn. Twelve-year-old Joachim's 1844 performance of the Beethoven violin concerto in London was a triumph, and helped to establish that work in the violinist's repertory. Joachim was to remain a great favorite in England for the remainder of his life, and he came to look upon that country as his second home. Following Mendelssohn's death, Joachim stayed briefly in Leipzig, teaching at the Conservatorium and playing on the first desk of the Gewandhaus Orchestra with Ferdinand David. In 1848, Franz Liszt took up residence in Weimar, determined to re-establish the town's reputation as the Athens of Germany. There, he gathered a circle of young avante-garde disciples, vocally opposed to the conservatism of the Leipzig circle. Joachim was amongst the first of these. He served Liszt as concertmaster, and for several years enthusiastically embraced the new "psychological music," as he called it. In 1852 he moved to Hanover, at the same time dissociating himself from the musical ideals of the New German School (Liszt, Wagner, Berlioz, and their followers, as defined by journalist Franz Brendel) and instead making common cause with Robert Schumann, Clara Schumann and Johannes Brahms. His break with Liszt became final in August of 1857, when Joachim wrote to his former mentor: "I am completely out of sympathy with your music; it contradicts everything which from early youth I have taken as mental nourishment from the spirit of our great masters." Image File history File links JJHouseKitt. ... Image File history File links JJHouseKitt. ... 1833 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Pest (pronounced pesht) is the eastern, mostly flat part of Budapest, comprising about two thirds of the capitals territory. ... Henryk Wieniawski (10 July 1835 – 31 March 1880) was a Polish composer and violinist. ... Vienna (German: Wien ; Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian: Beč, Czech: Vídeň, Hungarian: Bécs, Romanian: Viena, Romani: Bech or Vidnya, Russian: Вена, Slovak: Viedeň, Slovenian: Dunaj) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... [] (Sorbian/Lusatian: Lipsk) is the largest city in the Federal State (Bundesland) of Saxony in Germany. ... Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy at the age of thirty Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, known generally as Felix Mendelssohn (February 3, 1809 – November 4, 1847) was a German composer of Jewish parentage of the early Romantic period. ... Ferdinand David (born January 20th, 1810 in Hamburg; died July 19th, 1871 in Klosters) was a German virtuoso violinist and composer. ... Franz Liszt (Hungarian: Liszt Ferenc) (October 22, 1811 – July 31, 1886) was a Hungarian virtuoso pianist and composer. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Athens (Greek: Αθήνα, Athína IPA: ) is the capital of Greece and one of the most famous cities in the world, named after goddess Athena. ... Hanover (German: Hannover []), on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Germany. ... Robert Schumann (June 8, 1810 – July 29, 1856) was a German composer and pianist. ... Clara Schumann Clara Josephine Wieck Schumann (September 13, 1819 – May 20, 1896), wife of composer Robert Schumann, was one of the leading pianists of the Romantic era as well as a composer. ... Johannes Brahms. ...

Joseph and Amalie Joachim

Joachim's time in Hanover was his most prolific period of compositon. During this time, he frequently performed with Clara Schumann and with Brahms, both in private and in public. In 1860 Brahms and Joachim jointly wrote a manifesto against the "progressive" music of the New German School, in reaction against the polemics of Brendel's Neue Zeitschrift für Musik. The manifesto is generally considered to have been a faux pas, and it was widely greeted with ridicule and hostility. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (466x814, 47 KB)private collection This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 70 years or less. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (466x814, 47 KB)private collection This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 70 years or less. ...

On May 10, 1863 Joachim married the singer Amalie Weiss (Schneeweiss). In 1866, he moved to Berlin, where he became founding director of the Royal Academy of Music. There, he founded an orchestra, and, in 1869, the Joachim String Quartet, which quickly gained a reputation as Europe's finest. For other uses, see Berlin (disambiguation). ...

In 1884, Joachim and his wife separated after he became convinced that she was having an affair with Brahms' publisher, Fritz Simrock. Brahms, certain that Joachim's suspicions were groundless, wrote a sympathetic letter to Amalie, which she later produced as evidence in Joachim's divorce proceeding against her. This led to a cooling of Brahms and Joachim's friendship, which was not restored until some years later, when Brahms composed the Double concerto in A minor for violin and cello, Op. 102, as a peace offering to his old friend.

Joachim remained in Berlin until his death from actinomycosis in 1907.

Legacy

Among the most notable of Joachim's achievements were the revival of Johann Sebastian Bach's Sonate e Partite per violino solo, BWV 1001-1006, and particularly of Ludwig van Beethoven's Violin concerto in D major, Op. 61. Joachim was among the first to play the Mendelssohn violin concerto, which he studied with the composer. Joachim played a pivotal role in the career of Johannes Brahms, and remained a tireless advocate of Brahms's compositions through all the viscissitudes of their friendship. He conducted the English premiere of Brahms's Symphony No. 1 in C minor. Bach redirects here. ... Ludwig van Beethoven by Carl Jäger (date unknown). ...

A number of Joachim's composer colleagues, such as Robert Schumann, Johannes Brahms, Max Bruch, and Antonín Dvořák composed concerti with Joachim in mind, many of which entered the standard repertory. Nevertheless, Joachim's solo repertoire remained relatively restricted. Despite his close friendship with Brahms, Joachim only performed the Brahms Concerto (D major, Op. 77) six times in his career. He never performed the Violin Concerto of Robert Schumann (D minor)--which Schumann wrote especially for him--or of Antonin Dvořák (A minor, Op. 53). The most unusual work written for Joachim was the FAE sonata a collaboration between Schumann, Brahms, and Albert Dietrich, based upon the initials of Joachim's motto, Frei aber Einsam (free but lonely). Although the sonata is rarely performed in its entireity, the third movement, the Scherzo in C minor, composed by Brahms, is still frequently played today. Robert Schumann (June 8, 1810 – July 29, 1856) was a German composer and pianist. ... Johannes Brahms. ... Photograph of Max Bruch Max Christian Friedrich Bruch (Cologne, January 6, 1838 – Friedenau, October 20, 1920) was a German composer and conductor who wrote over 200 works, including three symphonies that are rarely performed, and a popular violin concerto. ... Antonín Dvořák Antonín Leopold Dvořák ( ) (IPA: ) (September 8, 1841 – May 1, 1904) was a Czech composer of Romantic music. ... Absolutely astonishing work ... Albert Hermann Dietrich (born 28 August 1829 at Golk, near Meissen; died 20 November 1908 in Berlin) was a German composer and conductor, remembered less for his own achievements than for his friendship with Johannes Brahms. ...

Joachim's own compositions are less well known. He has a reputation as a composer of a short but distinguished catalogue of works. Among his compositions are various works for the violin (including three concerti) and overtures to Shakespeare's Hamlet and Henry IV. He also wrote cadenzas for a number of other composers' concerti (including the Beethoven and Brahms concerti). His most highly regarded composition is his Hungarian concerto No 2 in D minor, Op 11. Overture is also a song by the rock band The Who Overture (French ouverture, meaning opening) in music is the instrumental introduction to a dramatic, choral or, occasionally, instrumental composition. ... A cadenza is usually now taken to mean a portion of a concerto in which the orchestra stops playing, leaving the soloist to play alone in free time (without a strict, regular pulse) and can be written or improvised, depending on what the composer specifies. ...

To Joseph Joachim

Belov'd of all to whom that Muse is dear

Who hid her spirit of rapture from the Greek,

Whereby our art excelleth the antique,

Perfecting formal beauty to the ear;

Thou that hast been in England many a year

The interpreter who left us nought to seek,

Making Beethoven's inmost passion speak,

Bringing the soul of great Sebastian near.

Their music liveth ever, and 'tis just

That thou, good Joachim, so high thy skill,

Rank (as thou shalt upon the heavenly hill)

Laurel'd with them, for thy ennobling trust

Remember'd when thy loving hand is still

And every ear that heard thee stopt with dust.

--Robert Bridges (1844-1930)

Joachim's Instruments

Joseph Joachim

• As a child, Joachim played a Guarneri del Gesu, which he gave to Felix Schumann after he acquired his first Stradivarius.

• In his Hanover years, Joachim played on a Guadagnini made in the 1767. [1]

• He later bought a 1714 Stradivarius, which he played until 1885. [2]

• He exchanged this instrument for a 1713 Stradivarius, which was later acquired by Robert von Mendelssohn and lent for life to Joachim's student Karl Klingler.

• A 1698 Joachim Stradivarius is held by the Royal Academy of Music [3]

• A violin, the ex-Joachim Stradivarius of 1715 is currently held by the Collezione Civica del Comune di Cremona. [4] It was presented to Joachim on the occasion of his Jubilee celebration in 1889.

• Another 1715 Stradivarius, the Joachim-Aranyi. [5]

• Another 1715 Stradivarius, later owned by George Eastman [6]

• A 1722 Stradivarius, later owned by Burmester, Elman and Suk. [7]

• Another 1722 Stradivarius, also owned by the Mendelssohn family. [8]

• A 1723 Stradivarius [9]

• A 1725 Stradivarius, later owned by Norbert Brainin [10] Currently played by Rainer Küchl.

• The Ex Joachim, Joseph Vieland Viola by Gasparo da Salo, Brescia, before 1609 is held by the Shrine to Music No. 3368 [11], [12]

• According to the Henley Atlas of Violin Makers, during the time he spent in France, Joachim performed on a violin made by French luthier Charles Jean Baptiste Collin-Mezin.

• A violin by Francesco Ruggeri bearing the label Nicolaus Amati [13]

• Joachim also played a Guarneri del Gesu, loaned by the Wittgenstein family, perhaps a 1737 Guarneri del Gesu? [14]

• A 1767 Guadagnini [15]

• A 1775 Guadagnini [16]

• A Carlo Testore violin [17]

• Among Joachims bows was a Tourte, previously owned by Ernst.

Image File history File links Joachim_standing. ... Image File history File links Joachim_standing. ... An engravers impression of Antonio Stradivari examining an instrument. ... Charles Jean Baptiste Collin-Mezin (1841-1923) was a distinguished French maker of violins, violas, cellos, basses and bows. ... Ernst (German form of Ernest) refers to: Max Ernst Richard R(obert). ...

Compositions

• Op. 1 Andantino and Allegro scherzoso for violin and piano (1848, dedicated to Joseph Böhm)
• Op. 2 Three Pieces (circa 1848-1852), Romanze, Fantasiestück, Eine Frühlingsfantasie.
• Op. 3 Violin Concerto in One Movement (G minor, dedicated to Franz Liszt) (1851)
• Op. 4 "Hamlet" Overture (1853)
• Op. 5 Three Pieces for Violin and Piano: Lindenrauschen, Abendglocken, Ballade; (dedicated to Gisela von Arnim)
• Op. 6 "Demetrius" Overture (Herman Grimm, dedicated to Franz Liszt)
• Op. 7 "Henry IV" Overture (1854)
• Op. 8 Overture to a Comedy by Gozzi (1854)
• Op. 9 Hebrew Melodies for Viola and Piano
• Op. 10 Variations for Viola and Piano (circa 1860)
• Op. 11 Violin Concerto No. 2 in D minor "in the Hungarian manner" (1861)
• Op. 12 Notturno for Violin and Orchestra in A Major (1858)
• Violin Concerto No. 3 in G major (1875)
• Op. 13 Elegiac Overture "In Memoriam Heinrich von Kleist" (circa 1877)
• Scenes from Schiller's Demetrius (1878)
• Overture in C major (1896)
• Two Marches for orchestra
• Andantino in A minor for violin and orchestra (also for violin and piano)
• Romance in B flat Major for violin and piano
• Romance in C major for violin and piano
• Variations for Violin and Orchestra in E minor

He also composed cadenzas for several major violin concertos, and made a virtuosic transcription for violin and piano of all 21 of Brahms's Hungarian Dances. In addition, in 1855 he made a version for full orchestra of Schubert's Grand Duo in C major for piano duet (D. 812), which many scholars at that time considered (probably incorrectly) to be a draft or piano reduction of a lost symphony. 1848 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1851 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1853 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1854 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1854 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... Violin Concerto No. ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ... 1858 (MDCCCLVIII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1855 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... For the crater on the moon, see Schubert (crater) Franz Schubert Franz Peter Schubert (January 31, 1797 – November 19, 1828), was an Austrian composer. ...

He produced numerous editions of music, many in collaboration with Andreas Moser.

Recordings

Recordings by Joseph Joachim (1903)

• J. S. Bach: Partita for Violin solo no 1 in B minor, BWV 1002: 7th movement, Tempo di Bourée, Joseph Joachim (Violin), Pearl Catalog: 9851 (also on Testament (749677132323)).
• Johannes Brahms: Hungarian Dances (21) for Piano 4 hands, WoO 1: no 1 in g minor (arr. Joachim), Joseph Joachim (Violin), Opal Recordings (also on Testament (749677132323)).
• Johannes Brahms Hungarian Dance no. 2 in d minor (arr. Joachim), Joseph Joachim (Violin), Grammophon Catalogue # 047905; HMV, D88.
• J. Joachim: Romance in C Major, Joseph Joachim (Violin), Pearl Catalog: 9851

Recordings of Joachim's Compositions

• Violin Concerto No. 2 in D minor, Op. 11 "In the Hungarian Style" Rachel Barton Pine (Violin), Carlos Kalmar (Conductor), Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Cedille Records: CDR 90000 068
• Violin Concerto No. 2 in D minor, Op. 11 "In the Hungarian Style": Elmar Oliviera (Violin), Leon Botstein (Conductor), London Philharmonic, IMP
• Violin Concerto No. 2 in D minor, Op. 11 "In the Hungarian Style": Aaron Rosand (Violin), Louis de Froment (Conductor), Luxembourg Radio/Television Symphony Orchestra, Vox Catalog #: 5102
• Violin Concerto No. 3, Takako Nishizaki (Violin), Meir Minsky (Conductor), Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra, Naxos #: 8554733
• Hamlet Overture, Op. 4, Meir Minsky (Conductor), Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra, Naxos #: 8554733
• Elegische Ouvertüre, Op. 13, Meir Minsky (Conductor), Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra, Naxos #: 8554733
• Andantino and Allegro scherzoso, Op. 1: Andantino, Marat Bisengaliev (Violin), John Lenehan (Piano), Naxos #: 553026
• Romance in B flat major, Marat Bisengaliev (Violin), John Lenehan (Piano), Naxos #: 553026
• Hebrew melodies, Op. 9, Anna Barbara Dütschler (Viola), Marc Pantillon (Piano), Claves #: 9905
• Heinrich IV Overture, Op. 7 (2 pianos, arr. Johannes Brahms), Duo Egri-Pertis, Hungaroton #: 32003
• Variations for Viola and Piano, Op. 10 (Numerous recordings)
• Variations for Violin and Orchestra in E minor, Vilmos Szabady (Violin), László Kovács (Conductor), North Hungarian Symphony Orchestra, Hungaroton #: 32185

Joachim's Students

• Leopold Auer, (1845—1930) Violinist and teacher, studied with Joachim in Hanover.
• Willy Burmester
• Will Marion Cook
• Carl Courvoisier (1846-1908), author of Technics of Violin Playing on Joachim's Method, London: The Strad Library, No. I, 1894.
• Sam Franko
• Jacob Gruen
• Carl Halir (Pronounced: Halirsch; 1859-1909) German violinist, member of the Joachim Quartet.
• Willy Hess
• Jenö Hubay Violinist, composer.
• Bronislaw Hubermann, (1882-1947) [18]
• Karl Klingler Violinist of the Klingler Quartet and Joachim's successor at the Berlin Hochschule. Klingler was the teacher of Shinichi Suzuki.
• Joseph Kotek - Yosif / Josef. Russian violinist. (1855-1885)
• Pietro Melani
• W. J. Meyer (1853-1940)
• Andreas Moser (1859-1925) Violinist and assistant to Joachim. Moser wrote the first biography of Joachim. He helped recover original scores of J.S. Bach's Sonate e Partite per violino solo, and collaborated with him on numerous editions.
• Tivadar Nachèz, (Budapest 1859 - Lausanne 1930)
• Enrico Polo, (1868 - 1953).
• Maud Powell, (1867-1920), American violinist [19]
• Willibald Richter, (1860-1929), German-born English pianist, organist and teacher. Student, friend and accompanist of Joachim. Student of Haupt, Lebert, Lizst, Mischalek and Oscar. Founded College of Music at Leicester.
• Camillo Ritter, teacher of William Primrose
• Ossip Schnirlin, (? - 1937)
• Theodore Spiering, (1871-1925) American violinist. Born in St. Louis, lived in Chicago. Concertmaster (1909-1911), New York Philharmonic.
• Franz von Vecsey, ( Budapest,1893-1935 ) Studied with Hubay, then Joachim. Dedicatee of the Sibelius violin concerto.
• Alfred Wittenberg

Leopold Auer Leopold Auer (June 7, 1845 – July 15, 1930) was a Hungarian violinist, teacher, conductor and composer. ... Willy Burmester was born March 16, 1869, at Hamburg. ... Will Marion Cook (1869–1944) was a composer and violinist from the United States. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... JenÅ‘ Hubay (b. ... Shinichi Suzuki (鈴木鎮一 October 17, 1898 - January 26, 1998) was born in Nagoya, Japan, and studied in Germany. ... Maud Powell (August 22, 1867 – January 8, 1920) was an American violinist who gained international acclaim for her skill and virtuosity. ... William Primrose (August 23, 1903 - May 1, 1982) was a Scottish violist and teacher, probably the best known viola player of his time. ...

Literature

Joseph Joachim

• Johannes Joachim and Andreas Moser (eds.), Briefe von und an Joseph Joachim, 3 vols., Berlin: Julius Bard, 1911-1913
• Andreas Moser (ed.), Johannes Brahms im Briefwechsel mit Joseph Joachim, 2nd ed., Berlin: Deutsche Brahms-Gesellschaft, 1912.
• Letters From and To Joseph Joachim, selected and translated by Nora Bickley with a preface by J. A. Fuller-Maitland, New York: Vienna House, 1972.
• Andreas Moser, Joseph Joachim: Ein Lebensbild, 2 vols. Berlin: Verlag der Deutschen Brahms-Gesellschaft, vol. 1: 1908; vol. 2: 1910.
• Andreas Moser, Joseph Joachim: A Biography, translated by Lilla Durham, introduction by J. A. Fuller Maitland, London: Philip Wellby, 1901.
• J. A. Fuller-Maitland, Joseph Joachim, London & New York: John Lane, 1905.
• F. G. E., Joseph Joachim, Musical Times, 48/775 (September 1, 1907): 577-583.
• Hans Joachim Moser, Joseph Joachim, Sechsundneunzigstes Neujahrsblatt der Allgemeinen Musikgesellschaft in Zürich, Zürich & Leipzig: Hug & Co., 1908
• Karl Storck, Joseph Joachim: Eine Studie, Leipzig: Hermann Seemann Nachfolger, n.d.
• Joachim, Anne Russell; The Etude, (December, 1932) 884-885.
• Siegfried Borris, Joseph Joachim zum 65. Todestag, Oesterreichische Musikzeitschrift XXVII (June 1972): 352-355.
• Barrett Stoll, Joseph Joachim: Violinist, Pedagogue, and Composer, Ph.D. Diss., Univ. of Iowa, 1978.
• Brigitte Massin, Les Joachim: Une Famille de Musiciens, Paris: Fayard, 1999.
• Beatrix Borchard, Stimme und Geige: Amalie und Joseph Joachim, Biographie und Interpretationsgeschichte, Wien, Köln, Weimar: Böhlau Verlag, 2005. ISBN 2-213-60418-5
• Robert W. Eshbach, Free but Lonely: The Education of Joseph Joachim 1831-1866; forthcoming.

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (498x742, 39 KB)Picture from ca. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (498x742, 39 KB)Picture from ca. ...

Scholarship

Prof. Dr. Beatrix Borchard, Hochschule für Musik und Theater, Harvestehuder Weg 12, 20148 Hamburg, Tel. 040-42848-2855 email: beatrix.borchard@musikhochschule-hamburg.de

Robert W. Eshbach, Associate Professor of Music, University of New Hampshire, Durham NH 03824 Tel: 603-862-3241 email: reshbach@unh.edu Requests: original documents, photographs, or information concerning Joachim's life and music.