Joseph Swan

Sir Joseph Wilson Swan (October 31, 1828 – May 27, 1914) was an English physicist and chemist, most famous for the development of the light bulb. 19th century (or early 20th century) photograph. ... October 31 is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 61 days remaining. ... 1828 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... May 27 is the 147th day (148th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 218 days remaining. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... ... A chemist pours from a Florence flask. ... The light bulb is one of the most significant inventions in the history of the human race, illuminating the darkness of the evening and bringing light indoors at all times in order focus on the task at hand. ...

Early life

Swan was born in 1828 at Pallion Hall in Bishopwearmouth (now Sunderland), and he served an apprenticeship with a pharmacist there. He later became a partner in Mawson's, a firm of manufacturing chemists in Newcastle. This company existed as Mawson, Swan and Morgan until 1973, formerly located on Grey Street in Newcastle-upon-Tyne near Grey's Monument. The premises are now owned by Waterstones and can be identified by a line of Victorian-style electric street lamps in front of the store on Grey Street. Map sources for Pallion at grid reference NZ375575 Pallion is a suburb, parish and electoral ward in Sunderland. ... Bishopwearmouth is an area in Sunderland, North East England. ... The Wearmouth Bridge Sunderland (pronounced: , or ) is a former county borough now part of the City of Sunderland, in the county of Tyne and Wear in North East England. ... The mortar and pestle is an international symbol of pharmacists and pharmacies. ... This article is about a city in the United Kingdom. ... Greys Monument, above the Monument Tyne and Wear Metro station Greys Monument is a monument to Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey built in 1838 in the centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. ... Gower Street branch Waterstones is a chain of British bookshops. ...

This section is inaccurate in one detail. Mawsons became Mawson Proctor (manufacturing chemists) NOT Mawson, Swan and Morgan. The latter were Booksellers and Stationers. Mawson Proctor were located in a large building in High Bridge in central Newcastle, next to another similar firm called Hall Forster. These buildings are now converted into apartment blocks and offices. The dates are accurate.

I am certain of these facts as my father was a local chemist and used Mawson Proctor as a source of wholesale ethical goods until they company closed. I am anaesthetist and was born, lived and worked in Newcastle most of my life. I see no need to do anything i life anonymously!

Electric light

In 1850 he began working on a light bulb using carbonised paper filaments in an evacuated glass bulb. By 1860 he was able to demonstrate a working device, and obtained a UK patent covering a partial vacuum, carbon filament incandescent lamp. However, the lack of a good vacuum and an adequate electric source resulted in an inefficient bulb with a short lifetime. 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. ... Look up Vacuum in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Fifteen years later, in 1875, Swan returned to consider the problem of the light bulb with the aid of a better vacuum and a carbonised thread as a filament. The most significant feature of Swan's improved lamp was that there was little residual oxygen in the vacuum tube to ignite the filament, thus allowing the filament to glow almost white-hot without catching fire. However, his filament had low resistance, thus needing heavy copper wires to supply it.^[1] General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Atomic mass 15. ... Look up Vacuum in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Edison collaboration

Swan received a British patent for his device in 1878, about a year before Thomas Edison. Swan had reported success to the Newcastle Chemical Society and at a lecture in Newcastle in February 1879 he demonstrated a working lamp. Starting that year he began installing light bulbs in homes and landmarks in England. In 1880, Swan gave the world's first large-scale public exhibition of electric lamps at Newcastle. In 1881 he had started his own company, The Swan Electric Light Company, and started commercial production. Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices which greatly influenced life worldwide into the 21st century. ... This article is about a city in the United Kingdom. ... 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ...

In 1883 the Edison & Swan United Electric Light Company was established. Known commonly as "Ediswan" the company sold lamps made with a cellulose filament that Swan had invented in 1881. Variations of the cellulose filament became an industry standard, except with the Edison Company. Edison continued using bamboo filaments until the 1892 merger that created General Electric, and that company then shifted to cellulose. Joseph Swan made his first electric light bulb in 1878. Cellulose as polymer of β-D-glucose Cellulose in 3D Cellulose (C6H10O5)n is a long-chain polymeric polysaccharide carbohydrate, of beta-glucose [1][2]. It forms the primary structural component of green plants. ... Diversity Around 91 genera and 1,000 species Subtribes Arthrostylidiinae Arundinariinae Bambusinae Chusqueinae Guaduinae Melocanninae Nastinae Racemobambodinae Shibataeinae See the full Taxonomy of the Bambuseae. ... GE redirects here. ...

Photography

When working with wet photographic plates, Swan noticed that heat increased the sensitivity of the silver bromide emulsion. By 1871 he had devised a method of drying the wet plates, initiating the age of convenience in photography. Eight years later he patented bromide paper, developments of which are still used for black and white photographic prints.

Three years later, while searching for a better carbon filament for his light bulb, Swan patented a process for squeezing nitro-cellulose through holes to form fibres. The textile industry has used his process.

Swan was knighted in 1904. He died in 1914 at Warlingham in Surrey. Warlingham is a large village on the south-eastern boundary of London, England, just across the border in Tandridge district, east Surrey. ... Not to be confused with Surry. ...

References

1. ^ Lamp Inventors 1880-1940: Carbon Filament Incandescent