Abu Husain Joseph ibn Naghrela (c. 1031 - December 30, 1066) was a vizier to the Berber king Badis al-Muzaffar during the Moorish rule of the Andalusia and the leader of the Jewish community of Granada. Events Collapse of the Moorish Caliphate of Córdoba. ... December 30 is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 1 day remaining. ... Events January 6 - Harold II is crowned September 20 - Battle of Fulford September 25 - Battle of Stamford Bridge September 29 - William of Normandy lands in England at Pevensey. ... A Vizier (Arabic,وزير - wazÄ«r) (sometimes also spelled Vazir, Vizir, Vasir, Wazir, Vesir, or Vezir - grammatical vowel changes are common in many oriental languages), literally burden-bearer or helper, is a term, originally Persian, for a high-ranking political (and sometimes religious) advisor or minister, often to a Muslim monarch... The Berbers (also called Imazighen, free men, singular Amazigh) are an ethnic group indigenous to Northwest Africa, speaking the Berber languages of the Afroasiatic family. ... Moorish Ambassador to Queen Elizabeth I of England The Moors were the medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus (the Iberian Peninsula including present day Gibraltar, Spain and Portugal) as well as the Maghreb and western Africa, whose culture is often called Moorish. ... Motto: Andalucía por sí, para España y la humanidad (Andalusia by herself, for Spain, and for humankind) Capital Seville Official language(s) Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 2nd  87,268 km²  17. ... For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ... Coordinates: Country Spain Autonomous community Andalusia Settled since 7th century BC Area  - City 88 km²  (34 sq mi) Elevation 738 m (2,421. ...

Life and career

Joseph succeeded his father, Samuel ibn Naghrela, as vizier and rabbi, directing at the same time an important school. Among his students were Isaac ben Baruch ibn Albalia the Talmudist, and the poet Isaac ibn Ghayyat. Samuel ibn Naghrela, also Shmuel ha-Nagid, Samuel ibn Nagdela, or Samuel ha-Nagid (993-1056), lived in Spain at the time of the Moorish conquests. ... Rabbi, in Judaism, means teacher, or more literally great one. The word Rabbi is derived from the Hebrew root word רַב, rav, which in biblical Hebrew means great or distinguished (in knowledge). Sephardic and Yemenite Jews pronounce this word רִבִּי ribbī; the modern Israeli pronunciation רַבִּי rabbī is derived from a recent (18th...

The 1906 edition of the Jewish Encyclopedia states that "Arabic chroniclers strangely relate that he believed neither in the faith of his fathers nor in any other faith. It may also be doubted that he openly declared the principles of Islam to be absurd. ^[1] Arabic poets also praised his liberality."^[2] The Jewish Encyclopedia was an encyclopedia originally published between 1901 and 1906 by Funk and Wagnalls. ...

Further, the Jewish Encyclopedia reports that Joseph "controlled" the King and "surrounded him with spies." He was also accused of several acts of violence, which drew upon him the hatred of the Berbers, who were the ruling majority at Granada. The most bitter among his many enemies was Abu Isḥaḳ of Elvira, a fanatical Arabic poet who hoped to obtain an office at court and wrote a malicious poem against Joseph and his coreligionists. This poem made little impression upon the king, who trusted Joseph implicitly; but it created a great sensation among the Berbers. They spread a rumor to the effect that Joseph intended to kill Badis, deliver the realm into the hands of Al-Mutasim of Almería with whom the king was at war, then to kill Al-Mutasim and seize the throne himself. The Berbers (also called Imazighen, free men, singular Amazigh) are a predominantly Muslim ethnic group indigenous to the Maghreb, speaking the Berber languages of the Afroasiatic family. ... The Banu Sumadih were an Islamic dynasty that ruled Almeria in Spain in the 11th century, subordinate to Zaragoza, until it was conquered by the Almoravids. ... Almería province Almería is a province of southern Spain, in the eastern part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. ...

Other sources report that Joseph attempted to ease the tension between the Berbers and the Arab population and prevent excesses against the local Arabs, which led to a civil war.^[3]

Death and massacres

Main article: 1066 Granada massacre

On December 30, 1066, Muslim mob stormed the royal palace where Joseph had sought refuge, then crucified him. In the ensuing massacre of the Jewish population, most of the Jews of Granada were murdered. "More than 1,500 Jewish families, numbering 4,000 persons, fell in one day."^[4] On December 30, 1066, Muslim mob stormed the royal palace in Granada, crucified Jewish vizier Joseph ibn Naghrela and massacred most of the Jewish population of the city. ... Crucifixion of St. ...

Joseph's wife fled to Lucena with her son Azariah, where she was supported by the community. Azariah died in early youth.

See also

• Golden age of Jewish culture in the Iberian Peninsula
• History of the Jews in Spain

The Golden age of Jewish culture in the Iberian Peninsula, also known as the Golden Age of Arab or Moorish Rule in Iberia, refers to a period of history during the Muslim rule of the Iberian Peninsula (the Roman and Visigothic Hispania) in which Jews were generally accepted in society... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Notes

The Jewish Encyclopedia was an encyclopedia originally published between 1901 and 1906 by Funk and Wagnalls. ... Jewish Agency for Israel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

References

• Munk, Notice sur Abou'l Walid, pp. 94 et seq.;
• Dozy, Gesch. der Mauren in Spanien, German ed., ii. 300 et seq.;
• Grätz, Gesch. vi. 55 et seq., 415 et seq.;
• Ersch and Gruber, Encyc. section ii., part 31, p. 86.G. M. K.

This article incorporates text from the 1901–1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, a publication now in the public domain. The Jewish Encyclopedia was an encyclopedia originally published between 1901 and 1906 by Funk and Wagnalls. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...