Josephine Baker
Joséphine Baker in Havana, Cuba. 1950.
Background information
Birth name	Freda Josephine Carson
Born	June 3, 1906
Origin	St. Louis, Missouri
Died	April 12, 1975, Paris, France
Genre(s)	Cabaret
Occupation(s)	Singer Dancer
Voice type(s)	No Particualar

Josephine Baker (or Joséphine Baker in francophone countries) (June 3, 1906 – April 12, 1975) was an American-born French expatriate entertainer and singer. She became a French citizen in 1937. Baker was most noted as a singer, while in her early career she was a celebrated dancer. She was given the nicknames the "Black Venus" or the "Black Pearl", as well as the "Créole Goddess" in anglophone nations, while in France she has always been known in the old theatrical tradition as "La Baker". There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Nickname: Location in the state of Missouri Coordinates: , Country State County Independent City Government  - Mayor Francis G. Slay (D) Area  - City  66. ... is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Cabaret is a form of entertainment featuring comedy, song, dance, and theatre, distinguished mainly by the performance venue — a restaurant or nightclub with a stage for performances and the audience sitting around the tables (often dining or drinking) watching the performance. ... For other uses, see Singer (disambiguation). ... A contemporary dancer rehearsing in a dance studio Dance generally refers to human movement either used as a form of expression or presented in a social, spiritual or performance setting. ... Voice type, often called Fach (pl. ... is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American...

Joséphine Baker is noted for being the first woman of African descent to star in a major motion picture, to integrate an American concert hall, and to become a world famous entertainer. She is also noted for her contributions to the Civil Rights Movement in the United States, and for being an inspiration to generations of African-American female entertainers. Various movements seeking civil rights, human rights and social justice since the Second World War have become known as a civil rights movement. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... Languages Predominantly American English Religions Protestantism (chiefly Baptist and Methodist); Roman Catholicism; Islam Related ethnic groups Sub-Saharan Africans and other African groups, some with Native American groups. ...

Biography

Early life

She was born Freda Josephine McDonald on June 3rd, 1906 in St. Louis, Missouri, the daughter of Carrie McDonald. Her father's identity is debated. Her father is identified as vaudeville drummer Eddie Carson by the official biography of her estate^[1], but according to Jean-Claude Baker's much researched biography: June 3 is the 154th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (155th in leap years), with 211 days remaining. ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Nickname: Location in the state of Missouri Coordinates: , Country State County Independent City Government  - Mayor Francis G. Slay (D) Area  - City  66. ...

Josephine Baker's true ethnic background is unknown. Her mother Carrie was adopted in Little Rock, Arkansas in 1886 by Richard and Elvira McDonald, both of whom were former slaves of both African and Native American descent,^[3] she didn't really do that much. Little Rock redirects here. ... This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ...

Baker dropped out of school at the age of 12, and started her career as a dancer and street performer by the age of 13. She entered vaudeville joining the St. Louis Chorus at 15. She then headed to New York City during the Harlem Renaissance, performing at the Plantation Club and in the chorus of the popular Broadway revues Shuffle Along (1921) and The Chocolate Dandies (1924). She performed as the last dancer in a chorus line, a position in which the dancer traditionally performed in a comic manner, as if they were unable to remember the dance, until the encore, at which point they would and also not only perform it correctly, but with additional complexity. She was then billed as "the highest-paid chorus girl in vaudeville." This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article is about the musical variety theatre. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... The Harlem Renaissance was also known as the New Negro Movement, named after the anthology The New Negro, edited by Alain Locke in 1925. ... For other uses of Broadway, see Broadway. ... A chorus line is a substantial group of dancers who together perform synchronized routines, usually in musical theatre. ... Encore may be referring to one of the following: Adobe Encore, a software program by Adobe Systems intended for authoring DVDs. ... This article is about the musical variety theatre. ...

On October 2, 1925, she opened in Paris at the Théatre des Champs-Élysées, where she became an instant success for her erotic dancing and for appearing practically nude on stage. After a successful tour of Europe, she reneged on her contract and returned to France to star at the Folies Bergères, setting the standard for her future acts. She performed the Danse sauvage, wearing a costume consisting of a skirt made of a string of artificial bananas. Josephine Baker's success coincided (1925) with the Exposition des Arts Décoratifs, which for one gave the name "Art Deco" and were also a renewal of interest in ethnic forms of art, including African. Therefore Josephine Baker also represented one aspect of this fashion. is the 275th day of the year (276th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... Photograph of Sally Rand, 1934. ... Costume, c. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

In later shows in Paris she was often accompanied on stage by her pet cheetah Chiquita, who was adorned with a diamond collar. The cheetah frequently escaped into the orchestra pit, where it terrorized the musicians, adding another element of excitement to the show. This article is about the mineral. ... An orchestra pit is the usually lowered area (hence pit) in front of a stage where an orchestra accompanies the performers. ...

Rise to fame

After a short while she was the most successful American entertainer working in France — where as in the U.S., she would have suffered the racial prejudices common to the era. Ernest Hemingway called her " ... the most sensational woman anyone ever saw." In addition to being a musical star, Baker also starred in three films which found success only in Europe: the silent film Siren of the Tropics (1927), Zouzou (1934) and Princesse Tamtam (1935). Although Josephine Baker is often credited as a movie star, her starring roles ended with Princesse Tamtam in 1935. For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American... Manifestations Slavery Racial profiling Lynching Hate speech Hate crime Genocide (examples) Ethnocide Ethnic cleansing Pogrom Race war Religious persecution Gay bashing Blood libel Paternalism Police brutality Movements Policies Discriminatory Race / Religion / Sex segregation Apartheid Redlining Internment Anti-discriminatory Emancipation Civil rights Desegregation Integration Equal opportunity Counter-discriminatory Affirmative action Racial... Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. ... A silent film is a film which has no accompanying soundtrack. ... Zouzou (born November 29, 1943 in Blida, Algeria - real name is Danièle Ciarlet) is a model, actress, singer and icon of the 60s and early 70s mostly known for her beauty and for her lead role in Éric Rohmers Love in the afternoon. ...

Baker costumed for the Danse banane from the Folies Bergère production "Un Vent de Folie" in Paris in 1927

At this time she also scored her greatest song hit, "J'ai deux amours" (1931) and became a muse for contemporary authors, painters, designers, and sculptors including Langston Hughes, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Pablo Picasso, and Christian Dior. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (981x1548, 262 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Josephine Baker ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (981x1548, 262 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Josephine Baker ... Langston Hughes (February 1, 1902 – May 22, 1967) was an American poet, novelist, playwright, short story writer, and columnist. ... Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. ... Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 – December 21, 1940) was an American Jazz Age author of novels and short stories. ... Picasso redirects here. ... Christian Dior (January 21, 1905 – October 23, 1957), was an influential French fashion designer. ...

Under the management of Giuseppe Pepito Abatino — a Sicilian stonemason who passed himself off as a Sicilian count, Baker's stage and public persona, as well as her singing voice, went through a transformation. In 1934 she took the lead in a revival of Jacques Offenbach's 1875 opera La créole at the Théâtre Marigny in the Champs-Élysées of Paris, which premiered in December of that year for a six month run. In preparation for her performances she went through months of training with a vocal coach. This article is about the style or title of nobility. ... Jacques Offenbach (20 June 1819 – 5 October 1880) was a French composer and cellist of the Romantic era with German-Jewish descent and one of the originators of the operetta form. ... The Champs-Élysées (pronounced  ) is the most prestigious and broadest avenue in Paris. ...

In the words of Shirley Bassey, who cited Baker as her primary influence, " ... she went from a 'petite danseuse sauvage' with a decent voice to 'la grande diva magnifique' ... I swear in all my life I have never seen, and probably never shall see again, such a spectacular singer and performer." Dame Shirley Veronica Bassey, DBE, CBE (born January 8, 1937 in Cardiff, Wales), is a Welsh singer. ...

Baker was so well known and popular with the French that even the Nazis, who occupied France during World War II, were hesitant to cause her harm. In turn, this allowed Baker to show her loyalty to her adopted country by participating in the Underground, smuggling intelligence to the resistance in Portugal coded within her sheet music. After the war, for her underground activity, Baker was awarded the Croix de Guerre and the Légion d'Honneur by General Charles de Gaulle, and also the Rosette of the Résistance.^[4] Nazism in history Nazi ideology Nazism and race Outside Germany Related subjects Lists Politics Portal         Nazism or National Socialism (German: Nationalsozialismus), refers primarily to the ideology and practices of the Nazi Party (National Socialist German Workers Party, German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP) under Adolf Hitler. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... The Croix de Lorraine, the symbol of the resistance chosen by de Gaulle French Resistance is the name used for resistance movements during World War II which fought the Nazi German occupation of France and the collaborationist Vichy regime. ... The Croix de guerre is a military decoration of both Belgium and France which was first created in 1915. ... Chiang Kai-sheks Légion dhonneur. ... For other uses, see Charles de Gaulle (disambiguation). ...

Despite her popularity in France, she never obtained the same reputation in America. Upon a visit to the United States in 1936, she starred in a failed version of the Ziegfeld Follies (being replaced by Gypsy Rose Lee later in the run) her personal life similarly suffered, and she went through six marriages, some legal, some not. During this time, when Baker returned to the United States, she was allegedly at a dinner party and began to speak in French as well as English with a French accent. An African-American maid was reputed to tell her, "Honey, you is full of shit. Speak the way yo' mouth was born." She had the woman fired.^[5] This article is about the Ziegfeld Follies Broadway shows . ... Gypsy Rose Lee (also known as Rose Louise Hovick and Louise Hovick) (February 9, 1911 or 1914 – April 26, 1970) was an American actress and burlesque entertainer, whose 1957 memoir, which included a scathing portrait of her domineering mother, was made into the stage musical and film Gypsy. ...

'Her 1935-36 US performances received poor reviews, with the New York Times going so far as to call her a "Negro wench." Baker returned to Paris in 1937, married Frenchman Jean Lion, and became a French citizen and permanent expatriate.' [1]

In January 1966 she was invited by Fidel Castro to perform at the Teatro Musical de La Habana in Havana, Cuba. Her spectacular show in April of that year led to record breaking attendance. Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (born on August 13, 1926) is the current President of Cuba but on indefinite medical hiatus. ... This article is about the capital of Cuba. ...

In 1973, Josephine Baker opened at Carnegie Hall to a standing ovation.

Civil rights involvement

Though based in France, she supported the American Civil Rights Movement during the 1950s. She protested in her own way against racism, adopting twelve multi-ethnic orphans, whom she called her "Rainbow Tribe." [2] Her adopted children were: Akio (Korean son), Janot (Japanese son), Luis (Colombian son), Jarry (Finnish son), Jean-Claude (Canadian son), Moïse (French Jewish son), Brahim (Algerian son), Marianne (French daughter), Koffi (Côte d'Ivoirean son), Mara (Venezuelan son), Noël (French son), Stellina (Moroccan daughter).^[6] Prominent figures of the African-American Civil Rights Movement. ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ... Motto Unity, Discipline and Labour(translation) Anthem LAbidjanaise Capital Yamoussoukro (de jure) Abidjan (de facto) Largest city Abidjan Official languages French Demonym Ivorian Government Republic  -  President Laurent Gbagbo[1]  -  Prime Minister Guillaume Soro[1] Independence from France   -  Date August 7, 1960  Area  -  Total 322,460 km² (68th) 124,502...

For some time she lived with all of her children and an enormous staff in a castle, Château de Milandes, in the Dordogne in France. Baker bore only one child herself, stillborn in 1941, an incident that precipitated an emergency hysterectomy. Chateau de Milandes Chateau de Milandes is a castle in Dordogne in France. ... Dordogne (Occitan: Dordonha) is a department in central France named after the Dordogne River. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

She refused to perform for segregated audiences in the United States.^[7] Her insistence on mixed audiences helped to integrate shows in Las Vegas, Nevada. For further information, see Las Vegas metropolitan area and Las Vegas Strip. ...

In 1951, Baker made charges of racism against Sherman Billingsley's Stork Club in New York, when she had been refused service. Actress Grace Kelly, who was at the club when this happened, rushed over to Baker, took her by the arm and stormed out with her entire party, vowing to never return (and she never did). The two women became close friends after the incident. A testament to their close friendship was made evident when Baker was near bankruptcy and was offered a villa and financial assistance by Kelly, (who by that time had become Princess Grace) and her husband Rainier III of Monaco. For the Mika song, see Grace Kelly (song). ... Grace Kelly (1929-1982). ... Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi; 31 May 1923 – 6 April 2005), styled His Serene Highness The Sovereign Prince of Monaco, ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost fifty-six years, making him one of the longest ruling monarchs of the 20th century. ...

She also worked with the NAACP.^[8] In 1963, she spoke at the March on Washington at the side of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.^[9] Wearing her Free French uniform with her Legion of Honor decoration, she was the only woman to speak at the rally.^[10] After King's assassination his widow, Coretta Scott King, approached Baker in Holland to ask if she would take her husband's place as leader of the American Civil Rights Movement. After many days of thinking it over, Baker declined, stating that her children were " ... too young to lose their mother."^[11] The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was a large political rally that took place in Washington, D.C. on August 28, 1963. ... Martin Luther King redirects here. ... Coretta Scott King (April 27, 1927 – January 30, 2006) was the wife of the assassinated civil rights activist Martin Luther King, Jr. ... Prominent figures of the African-American Civil Rights Movement. ...

Death

On April 9, 1975, Baker starred in a retrospective revue at the Bobino in Paris — Josépine à Bobino 1975, celebrating her 50 years in show business. The revue, backed by Prince Rainier, Princess Grace,^[4] and Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis opened to rave reviews and became the rage of Paris. Demand for seating reached such an extent that fold-out chairs had to be added to accommodate spectators. The opening night audience included Prince Rainier and Princess Grace, Sophia Loren, Mick Jagger, Shirley Bassey, Diana Ross and Liza Minelli. is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bobino is a French language childrens television show made in Quebec. ... Prince Rainier III (Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi) (born May 31, 1923), is the hereditary Prince and head of state of the Principality of Monaco. ... “Jacqueline Bouvier” redirects here. ... Grace Kelly (1929-1982). ... Sophia Loren (born September 20, 1934) is a motion picture and stage, Academy Award-winning actress, widely considered to be the most popular Italian actress. ... Sir Michael Phillip Mick Jagger (born July 26, 1943) is a English rock musician, actor, songwriter, record and film producer and businessman. ... Dame Shirley Veronica Bassey, DBE, CBE (born January 8, 1937 in Cardiff, Wales), is a Welsh singer. ... For the author-illustrator, see Diana Ross (author). ... Liza Minnelli (born March 12, 1946) is an American actress and singer. ...

On the morning of April 10 Baker was found lying peacefully in her bed surrounded by newspapers with glowing reviews of her performance. She had slipped into a coma. She was taken to Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, where she died at the age of 68 on April 12, 1975.^{[4] [12]} is the 100th day of the year (101st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Coma (disambiguation). ... The Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital is a hospital in Paris. ... is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Her funeral was held at L'Église de la Madeleine. ^[4] Paris came to a standstill on the day of her funeral, and 20,000 filled the streets to watch her procession.^{[citation needed]} She was interred at the Cimetière de Monaco. Léglise de la Madeleine, or Léglise Sainte-Marie-Madeleine (or simply La Madeleine), is a church in a commanding position in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, in its present form designed as a temple to the glory of Napoleons army. ...

Legacy

Baker became the first American-born woman to receive the highest French military honor, the Croix de Guerre. "Place Joséphine Baker" in the Montparnasse Quarter of Paris was named in her honor. She has also been inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame. The first swimming-pool over the Seine which has been launched for the 2006 edition of Paris-Plage, is named "Piscine Joséphine Baker" after her. The Croix de guerre is a military decoration of both Belgium and France which was first created in 1915. ... The Montparnasse Tower, which at 209m was the tallest building in Western Europe when it was built. ... The St. ... This article is about the river in France; it should not be confused with the Senne, a much smaller river that flows through Brussels. ...

Baker's sons, Jean-Claude and Jarry Baker, grew up to go into business together, running the restaurant 'Chez Josephine' on Theatre Row, 42nd Street, New York, which celebrates Josephine's life and works.^[13] His mother's proponent, Jackie Onassis was a regular patron at the restaurant, continuing to support Baker's legacy. For the film of this name, see 42nd Street (film). ... This article is about the state. ...

Baker's iconic performance style has also been influential. Diana Ross, a long-time admirer of Baker, performed in Bob Mackie-designed outfits similar to Baker's and reenacted similar poses of the latter in many photo sessions. Baker's banana skirt, in particular, has made numerous media appearance. A dancer wore one in Sir-Mix-A-Lot's 1991 video for "Baby Got Back", and Beyoncé wore one when performing "Déjà Vu" for CBS's 2006 Fashion Rocks. During the Beyonce performance, images of a young Baker were projected on a large screen above the stage. For the author-illustrator, see Diana Ross (author). ... Robert Gordon Mackie (b. ... Sir Mix-a-Lot (born Anthony Ray, 12 August 1963) is a rapper and producer from Seattle, Washington, USA. He created his own brand of hip hop - influenced by Electro, Kraftwerk and Gary Numan, and funk. ... Baby Got Back is a 1992 hip-hop song by Sir Mix-a-Lot. ... Beyoncé Giselle Knowles (pronounced [1]) (born September 4, 1981) is an American R&B singer, songwriter, record producer, music video director, actress, dancer, and fashion designer. ... Déjà Vu is an R&B song written by Beyoncé Knowles, Shawn Jay-Z Carter, Rodney Jerkins, Makeba Riddick, Nicole Keli Price, and Delisha Thomas for Knowles second solo album B’Day (2006). ...

Gallery

Joséphine Baker pictured in her most famous costume for the Danse banane

Joséphine Baker dancing the Charleston, 1926 Image File history File links Baker_Banana_2. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (829 × 1105 pixel, file size: 100 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Charleston (dance) ...

Portrayals

• In 1991, Baker's life story, "The Josephine Baker Story", was broadcast on HBO. Actress Lynn Whitfield portrayed Baker. Whitfield, who triumphed over 500 other actresses (including Whitney Houston) for the coveted role, went on to win the Emmy for "Best Actress In A Mini-Series or Special".
• The first scene of the 2003 French animation film Les Triplettes de Belleville is of a 1930's-style cartoon parody which features a caricature of Josephine Barker
• The 2004 erotic novel Scandalous by British author Angela Campion uses Josephine Baker as its heroine and is inspired by Baker's sexual exploits and later adventures in the French Resistance. In the novel, Josephine, working with a fictional black Canadian lover named Drummer Thompson, foils a plot by French fascists in 1936 Paris. The novel is said to be the first time a historical figure has been used as the heroine in a modern erotic novel.
• In 2006, the director of the Opéra-Comique of Paris, Jérôme Savary, presented his À la Recherche de Joséphine (Searching for Josephine), a musical inspired by Baker's musical revues and songs from her early career. It tells the story of a French director in search of a star for his Parisian show in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. He finds Joséphine Baker, who becomes the toast of Paris. It was a huge success and has even toured in Louisiana.
• In the 1997 cartoon "Anastasia" Baker appears in her famous banana costume during the musical number "Paris Holds the Key (to Your Heart)"

Lynn Whitfield (May 6, 1953 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana) is an Emmy Award-winning American actress most famous for portraying entertainment pioneer Josephine Baker in 1991. ... Whitney Elizabeth Houston (born August 9, 1963) is a six-time Grammy award winning, American R&B singer, soprano, pianist, actress, film producer, and former model. ... Les Triplettes de Belleville is an award-winning 2003 animated feature film written and directed by Sylvain Chomet. ... Opéra comique is a French style of opera that is a partial counterpart to the Italian opera buffa. ... Jérôme Savary (Born June 27, 1942) is a French theater director and actor. ... New Orleans is the largest city in the state of Louisiana, United States of America. ... This article is about the Atlantic hurricane of 2005. ...

Filmography

• La Sirène des tropiques (1927) at the Internet Movie Database ... aka Siren of the Tropics
• Zouzou (1934) at the Internet Movie Database
• Princesse Tam Tam (1935) at the Internet Movie Database ... aka Princess Tam-Tam
• Moulin Rouge (1941) at the Internet Movie Database
• Fausse alerte (1945) at the Internet Movie Database ... aka The French Way
• An jedem Finger zehn (1954) at the Internet Movie Database ... aka Ten on Every Finger
• Carosello del varietà (1955) at the Internet Movie Database
• Grüsse aus Zürich (1963) at the Internet Movie Database (TV)

The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) is an online database of information about movies, actors, television shows, production crew personnel, and video games. ... The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) is an online database of information about movies, actors, television shows, production crew personnel, and video games. ... The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) is an online database of information about movies, actors, television shows, production crew personnel, and video games. ... The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) is an online database of information about movies, actors, television shows, production crew personnel, and video games. ... The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) is an online database of information about movies, actors, television shows, production crew personnel, and video games. ... The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) is an online database of information about movies, actors, television shows, production crew personnel, and video games. ... The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) is an online database of information about movies, actors, television shows, production crew personnel, and video games. ... The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) is an online database of information about movies, actors, television shows, production crew personnel, and video games. ...

References

Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Further reading

• Kraut, Anthea, Between Primitivism and Diaspora: The Dance Performances of Josephine Baker, Zora Neale Hurston, and Katherine Dunham, Theatre Journal 55 (2003): 433–50.

Zora Neale Hurston (January 7, 1891 – January 28, 1960) was an American folklorist and author during the time of the Harlem Renaissance, best known for the 1937 novel Their Eyes Were Watching God. ... Katherine Dunham in 1956 Katherine Mary Dunham (22 June 1909 – 21 May 2006) was an African-American dancer, choreographer, songwriter, author, educator and activist who was trained as an anthropologist. ...

External links

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Josephine Baker

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Josephine Baker

• The Official Site of Josephine Baker
• A la recherche de Joséphine official site
• A Josephine Baker photo gallery
• Josephine Baker Photographs in the Western Historical Manuscript Collection at the University of Missouri-St. Louis

• Josephine Baker at the Internet Broadway Database
• Josephine Baker at the Internet Movie Database
• Discography at SonyBMG Masterworks
• Photographs of Josephine Baker
• The electric body: Nancy Cunard sees Josephine Baker (2003) -- review essay of dance style and contemporary critics