Jozef Murgaš

Jozef Murgaš (17 February 1864, Tajov, Slovakia – 11 May 1929, Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania) was a Slovak inventor, architect, botanist, painter, patriot, and Roman Catholic pastor. He invented modern wireless telegraphy and was an important predecessor of mobile communications and wireless transmission of information and human voice. February 17 is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1864 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... May 11 is the 131st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (132nd in leap years). ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... An inventor is a person who creates new inventions, typically technical devices such as mechanical, electrical or software devices or methods. ... Architect at his drawing board, 1893 An architect is a person involved in the planning, designing and oversight of a buildings construction. ... Botany is the scientific study of plant life. ... A painter is a person who paints woodwork, walls, etc. ... Patriot or Patriots may refer to patriotism, as well as one of several other things. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Wireless telegraphy is the practice of remote writing (see telegraphy) without the wires normally involved in an electrical telegraph. ...

He was nicknamed the Radio Priest and deemed a Renaissance man. This article is about the 1994 film. ...

Life

He studied theology in Bratislava (1880–1882), Esztergom (1882-1884) and in Banská Bystrica, where he graduated in 1888. From his youth he was bright, skilful and good at painting and electrotechnology: The vice-head of the school in Esztergom allowed him to use the physics room for experiments and important Slovak painters B. Klemens and Dominik Skutecký noticed his talent for painting. 1880 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Basilica in Esztergom Esztergom (German: Gran, Slovak: Ostrihom) is a small city in northern Hungary, about 60 km north-west of the capital Budapest. ... 1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1884 is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar). ... Banská Bystrica (Hungarian: Besztercebánya, German: Neusohl) is a town in central Slovakia, in the Hron river valley, surrounded by the mountains Nízke Tatry (Lower Tatra), Veľká Fatra, and Kremnické vrchy. ... 1888 is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ...

After consecration (1888) he worked as a curate. On Skutecký's initiative, Murgaš was accepted at a painting school in Budapest, where he studied from 1889 to 1890. He also studied painting in Munich from 1890 to 1893. He attended both schools while working. He painted sacral pieces and Slovak landscapes and Slovak personalities. It was due to his strong patriotism he exhibited during holidays in the 1890's that he was not allowed to finish his painting studies and had to work as a curate in changing places in the Kingdom of Hungary – in Chrenovec, Slovenská Ľupča, Dubová and in Lopej. In Lopej, he painted a big sacral picture of St. George in Lopej, which is still on the church altar of the village. 1889 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1890 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1890 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1893 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Due to permanent conflicts with the bishop's secretary, Murgaš had to emigrate to the USA in 1896, where he was assigned a Slovak parish in the city of Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania. Having no possibility for painting, he started to deal with natural sciences again, especially electrotechnology. He established a laboratory in Wilkes Barre, in which he primarily investigated radiotelegraphy. His article in the Tovaryšstvo magazine of 1900 shows that his radiotelegraphy studies had achieved a high level. In 1904, he received his first two US patents: the Apparatus for wireless telegraphy and the The way of transmitted messages by wireless telegraphy. Further 11 patents followed between 1907 and 1911 (see below). Based on the first two patents, he created the Universal ether Telegraph Co., which organized a public test of Murgaš's transmitting and receiving facilities in September 1905 (see below). The test was successful, but a storm destroyed the antenna masts three month later, which led to a dissolution of the company. 1896 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1900 (MCM) is a common year starting on Monday. ... 1904 is a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ...

His primary concern in Wilkes Barre, however, were the local Slovaks. He took care of Slovak immigrants, had a new church, library, cemetary, several schools, gymnasium and playgrounds built, all of which are still used by American Slovaks. He was also one of the founders of the St. Cyril and Methodius community and took care of children and youth. He was very popular among religious people because of his emotional relation to them. He also published a newspaper, in which he published some popular-science articles and verses. See Saint Cyril (disambiguation) for other persons with this name. ... Saint Methodius was a bishop of Great Moravia (Moravia) (born Thessaloniki, Greece, 826; he died in the (unknown) capital of Great Moravia, April 6, 885). ...

He was active in the Slovak expatriots movement, wrote articles for their press, was one of the founders of the Slovak League in America, actively supported the creation of the state of Czechoslovakia, organized a money collection (a fund) of American Slovaks for the creation of Czechoslovakia (1 000 000 USD) , and was also a preparator and a signatory of the Pittsburgh Agreement (1918) between Czechs and Slovaks on establishing Czechoslovakia. As a respected personality, he gained trust and support of the highest authorities in the USA for the establishment of Czechoslovakia. 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

He continued to study physics and to do many experiments. He financed his activities by selling his paintings. He also collected mushrooms, plants, minerals and insects. His buttefly collection comprised 9000 pieces from all over the world.

When the US entered WWI, private radiotelegraphy stations were prohibited, which put an end to Murgaš' pioneer work in this field. After the creation of Czechoslovakia, he returned to Slovakia in 1920, where he taught electrotechnology at a high school, but since he did not find appropriate understanding by the Ministry of Education in Prague, he returned to Wilkes Barre four months later. He was nominated to be a member of the Federal Radio Commission, USA in 1925. The Federal Radio Commission (FRC) was a government body that regulated radio use in the United States from its creation in 1927 until its replacement by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in 1935. ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Importance and primacy conflicts

The most dynamic segments in the area of communications services today are internet services, mobile telephony and convergence of voice and data process. If we go back one hundred years to history we can see that development in this area began with wireless information transmission encoded in telegraphy marks and wireless voice transmission which was made by frequency modulation. Telegraphy (from the Greek words tele = far and graphein = write) is the long-distance transmission of written messages without physical transport of letters, originally over wire. ...

On 7 January 1916 a US county court gave the primacy of wireless information transmission via electromagnetic waves to Jozef Murgaš, who achieved this in 1905 between Wilkes Barre and Scranton in the USA, the distance was 20 miles (30 km). January 7 is the seventh day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ... Electromagnetic radiation or EM radiation is a combination (cross product) of oscillating electric and magnetic fields perpendicular to each other, moving through space as a wave, effectively transporting energy and momentum. ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Scranton is the name of several places in the United States of America: Scranton, Arkansas Scranton, Pennsylvania Scranton, South Carolina Scranton, North Dakota See Also: William Scranton, former Pennsylvania governor and presidential candidate This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the...

Other important specialists also attempted to carry out such transmissions at that time. Guglielmo Marconi and other researchers (for example Prof. Fessenden), however, were not able to perform satisfactory wireless information transmission above Earth's surface. The reason why Murgaš was more successful then the others was that he invented the so-called tone system which diminished the time needed to deliver a signal and thus considerably improved the system of wireless telegraphy used until then. The tone system is the use of two signals of different frequencies, i.e. Murgaš substituted the "dot" of the Morse code with a higher tone and the "comma" with a lower tone (this is the 1904 patent "The way of transmitted messages by wireless telegraphy"). Guglielmo Marconi Guglielmo Marconi, GCVO (25 April 1874 – 20 July 1937) was an Italian electrical engineer and Nobel laureate, known for the development of a practical wireless telegraphy system commonly known as the radio. Marconi was President of the Accademia dItalia and a member of the Fascist Grand Council... 1922 Chart of the Morse Code Letters and Numerals Morse code is a method for transmitting information, using standardized sequences of short and long marks or pulses — commonly known as dots and dashes — for the letters, numerals and special characters of a message. ...

T. A. Edison paid remarkable attention to Jozef Murgaš' experiments and he is said to to have informed G. Marconi of J. Murgaš' success. Murgaš' lab in Wilkes Barre was visited by US President Theodore Roosevelt in 1905. Edison is the last name of a famous United States inventor: Thomas Edison Other people known by the name Edison: Charles Edison – son of Thomas Edison and Governor of New Jersey Edison Chen – popular Hong Kong teen idol Edison Carter, character in the television show Max Headroom A number of... Theodore Roosevelt (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919) was the 26th (1901–09) President of the United States. ...

His patents registered in the US 1904 - 1911

• 759 852 "Apparatus for wireless telegraphy" (1904) – content: adaptation of a Wahnelt type interruptor and construction of a electromagnetic waves detector, in which a rotating carbon lug replaces a coherer with metallic swarf
• 759 826 "The way of transmitted messages by wireless telegraphy" (1904) – content: tone system for the transmission of Morse code signs (as described above)
• 876 383 "Apparatus for making electromagnetic waves" (1908)
• 848 675 "Wave meter" (1907)
• 848 676 "Electrical transformer" (1907)
• 860 051 "Underground wireless telegraphy"
• 915 993 "Wireless telegraphy"(1909)
• 917 103 "Making of sparkles frequency from power supply without interrupter"(1909)
• 917 104 "Magnetic waves detector"(1909)
• 930 780 "Magnetic detector" (1909)
• 1196 969 "The way and apparatus for making electrical alternating current oscillations]]" (1916)
• 9 726 "Improved invention 1 196 696 reg. In USA" given in England in 1907
• 1 001 975 "Apparatus for making electrical oscillations"(1911)
• 1 034 739 "Spinning reel for fishing rod" (1912)
• Co-author of 2 inventions concerned electrical arc lamps (1910)

1904 is a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... 1904 is a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1904 is a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1908 (MCMVIII) is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1916 (MCMXVI) is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: England Travel guide to England from Wikitravel English language English law English (people) List of monarchs of England – Kings of England family tree List of English people Angeln (region in northern Germany, presumably the origin of the Angles for whom England is named) UK... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday. ... 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

Objects bringing Murgaš to remembrance

In Tajov, there is Murgaš' native house, memorial room and a symbolic grave with sepulchral monument of Jozef Murgaš at the local cemetery. Jozef Šebo, the founder of the room and monument (now a retired teacher) looks after them very carefully. The memorial room also features originals of pictures, paintings, some unique pieces from his butterfly collection, models of inventions in wireless telegraphy and documents. One can also see there a minimodel of Murgaš' original antenna masts built by company Universal Aether Telegraph Co. in Wilkes Bare in 1905.

Further objects include:

• Jozef Murgaš Monument in Bratislava, Slovakia – the Slovak Telecom building in the Jarošova Street
• Jozef Murgaš Monument in Wilkes Bare, Pennsylvania
• Paintings in a church in Wilkes Bare in Pennsylvania
• Paintings in the Memorial room in Tajov, in some churches in Lopej and Banská Bystrica
• Model of Murgaš´ transmitting station in Wilkes Bare
• Collection of butterflies (9 000 pcs.) from all over the world
• War ship "Reverend Jozef Murgaš" in the state Georgia in 1944
• Jozef Murgaš Secondary School of Electrical Engineering in Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
• Jozef Murgaš stamp issued by the Ministry of Transport, Communications and Public Works of the the Slovak Republic in 1994 (400 000 pieces) on the occasion of 130th birth anniversary (1864) of Jozef Murgaš.

To the memory of Jozef Murgaš and to support the development of telecommunications in Slovakia , the Jozef Murgaš Award is awarded annually by the Slovak Electrotechnical Society and Ministry of Transport, Posts and Telecommunications of the Slovak Republic for: Bratislava (until 1919: PreÅ¡porok in Slovak, Pressburg in German and English; Pozsony in Hungarian) is the capital of Slovakia and the countrys largest city, with a population of some 450,000. ... Slovak Telecom (till early 2004 officially called Slovenské telekomunikácie) is a telecommunications monopoly company operating in Slovakia. ... State nickname: The Keystone State Official languages None Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Governor Ed Rendell (D) Senators Arlen Specter (R) Rick Santorum (R) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 33rd 119,283 km² 2. ... State nickname: The Keystone State Official languages None Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Governor Ed Rendell (D) Senators Arlen Specter (R) Rick Santorum (R) Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 33rd 119,283 km² 2. ... Banská Bystrica (Hungarian: Besztercebánya, German: Neusohl) is a town in central Slovakia, in the Hron river valley, surrounded by the mountains Nízke Tatry (Lower Tatra), Veľká Fatra, and Kremnické vrchy. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Banská Bystrica (Hungarian: Besztercebánya, German: Neusohl) is a town in central Slovakia, in the Hron river valley, surrounded by the mountains Nízke Tatry (Lower Tatra), Veľká Fatra, and Kremnické vrchy. ...

• publication of original theoretical contribution supporting development of telecommunication in Slovakia,
• utilization of original or foreign theoretical contribution to development of telecommunications and telecommunication industry in Slovakia.

External Links

Jozef Murgas - The Forgotten Radio Genius