General de Rosas

Juan Manuel de Rosas (born Juan Manuel José Domingo Ortiz de Rozas y López de Osornio, 1793-1877) was a conservative Argentine politician who ruled Argentina from 1829 to 1852. Rosas was one of the first famous caudillos in Latin America. Image File history File links Juan_Manuel_de_Rosas. ... Image File history File links Juan_Manuel_de_Rosas. ... Caudillo is a Spanish (caudilho in Portuguese) word designating a political-military leader at the head of an authoritative power. ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ...

Rosas came on to the national scene as a powerful cattle rancher. He controlled the cattle frontier pampa of Argentina, allowing him to rule over the capital, Buenos Aires. Rosas defeated the European expeditionary forces in 1820 with the help of gauchos. This article is about the lowland plains in South America. ... For other uses, see Buenos Aires (disambiguation). ... Gauchos taming horses in Corrientes Province, Argentina. ...

In 1829, Rosas became governor of Buenos Aires. In subsequent years, Rosas went in and out of power, but remained a strong leader. During his years out of office (1832-1835), Rosas waged a military campaign against the indigenous population in southern Argentina. For other uses, see Buenos Aires (disambiguation). ...

On September 20, 1851, he became Supreme Chief of the Argentine Confederation, a new position which made him effective dictator of the nation. September 20 is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years). ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Dictator is originally the title of a magistrate in ancient Rome appointed by the Senate to rule the state in times of emergency. ...

As a leader, Rosas portrayed himself as a man of the people, who could relate to the working class of gauchos and Afro-Argentines. Rosas used his man of the people ideal to unify Argentina during his era. Rosas supporters called themselves Rosistas. Rosas rule was filled with violence — he killed his opponents and anyone else who would not support him. To that end, he developed a paramilitary force known as La Mazorca ("the Corncob"), which, by coincidence or by design, was a Spanish homophone for más horca ("more hanging"). Gauchos taming horses in Corrientes Province, Argentina. ... Afro-Argentines are Argentines of African descent. ... A paramilitary organization is a group of civilians trained and organized in a military fashion. ...

The cruelty of his regime and his alignment with the Roman Catholic Church were highlighted by the execution of Camila O'Gorman and the Jesuit priest Ladislao Gutiérrez. O'Gorman and Gutiérrez had fled Buenos Aires in order to continue their love affair and remained in hiding near the Brazilian border. Eventually found and arrested, Rosas decreed their sentence. They were executed before a firing squad on 18 August 1848 in Santos Lugares, near Buenos Aires. Camila O'Gorman was twenty years old and eight-months pregnant. Their story was the subject of María Luisa Bemberg's 1984 film Camila. The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic Church (see terminology below) is the Christian Church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, currently Pope Benedict XVI. It traces its origins to the original Christian community founded by Jesus Christ and led by the Twelve Apostles, in particular Saint Peter. ... Camila OGorman (1828-1848), figure of scandal in post-independence Buenos Aires, was the youngest daughter of Adolfo OGorman and his wife, Joaquina Ximénez Pinto (d. ... Seal of the Society of Jesus. ... . ... For other uses, see Buenos Aires (disambiguation). ... August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... For other uses, see Buenos Aires (disambiguation). ... A pregnant woman Pregnancy is the process by which a mammalian female carries a live offspring from conception until it develops to the point where the offspring is capable of living outside the womb. ... María Luisa Bemberg (14 April 1922 – 7 May 1995) was a film writer, director and actress born in Buenos Aires, Argentina. ...

As Charles Darwin related in The Voyage of the Beagle, he met Rosas, who was then engaged in exterminating tribes of wandering horse-mounted Indians, describing him as a man of extraordinary character, a perfect horseman who conformed to the dress and habits of the Gauchos and "obtained an unbounded popularity in the country, and in consequence a despotic power". Darwin included a story of how Rosas had himself put in the stocks for inadvertently breaking his own rule of not wearing knives on Sundays. This appealed to his men's sense of egalitarianism and justice. For other people of the same surname, and places and things named after Charles Darwin, see Darwin. ... A watercolor by the HMS Beagles draughtsman, Conrad Martens. ...

Rosas's portrait appears on the 20 Argentine Peso bill

Rosas attempted to reincorporate Uruguay and Paraguay as Argentine provinces and this led to two European blockades of Buenos Aires. During the early part of Rosas' rule, Luis Vernet, the Argentine Governor of the Falkland Islands, seized United States seal hunting ships for illegal sealing and, in response, a U.S. warship destroyed the Argentine settlement, leaving escaped convicts and pirates on the islands^{[citation needed]}. Rosas was out of office between 1832 and 1835. In November 1832, a new governor arrived, but was killed in a mutiny, and though a ship's commander took charge, in January 1833, the United Kingdom reasserted its claim to the Falklands and seized control. Rosas wanted to rid Argentina of European influence and cultivate a feeling of nationalism among Argentinians. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Argentine peso (originally established as the nuevo peso argentino or peso convertible) is the currency of Argentina. ... This article is 150 kilobytes or more in size. ... Louis Vernet Luis Vernet was the 4th and last Argentine Governor of Puerto Soledad, and Argentine colony in the Falkland Islands from 1829 until 1831. ... Nowadays, the Governor of the Falkland Islands is the local representative of the British Crown in the Falkland Islands. ... Seal hunting or sealing refers to the practice, history and industries associated with both personal and commercial hunting of seals. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... The United Kingdom mounted an invasion of the Falkland Islands on January 2, 1833, after the destruction of the Argentine Puerto Soledad settlement by the American corvette Lexington (December 28, 1831). ... Eugène Delacroixs Liberty Leading the People, symbolising French nationalism during the July Revolution. ...

Rosas' opponents during his rule were dissidents, such as José María Paz,Salvador M. del Carril, Juan Bautista Alberdi, Esteban Echeverria,Bartolomé Mitre, and Domingo Faustino Sarmiento. Rosas political opponents were exiled to other countries, such as Uruguay and Chile. A dissident is a person who actively opposes the established order. ... José María Paz General Brigadier José María Paz y Haedo (born September 9, 1791 in Córdoba – died October 22, 1854 in Buenos Aires) was an Argentine military figure, notable in the independence of Argentina. ... Juan Bautista Alberdi (29 August 1810-19 June 1884) was a Argentian political theorist and diplomat. ... Esteban Echeverría (September 2, 1805 – January 19, 1851) was an Argentine poet, fiction writer, cultural promoter, and political activist who played a significant role in the development of Argentine literature, not only through his own writings but also through his sponsoring efforts. ... Bartolomé Mitre Martínez (1821-1906) was an Argentine statesman, military figure, and author. ... Domingo Faustino Sarmiento Albarracín (February 15, 1811 – September 11, 1888) was an Argentine statesman, educator, and author. ...

In 1852, Rosas was overthrown by Justo José de Urquiza, who was supported by Uruguay and Brazil--his army was defeated at Caseros. Rosas spent the rest of his life in exile, in the United Kingdom, as a farmer in Southampton. Justo José de Urquiza y García (October 18, 1801 â€“ April 11, 1870) was an Argentine general and politician. ... Combatants Allied Army Buenos Aires forces Commanders Justo José Urquiza Juan Manuel Rosas Strength 25,000 to 27,000 22,000 Casualties 400 1,200 {{{notes}}} The Battle of Caseros (also known as Monte Caseros) was fought in Caseros , today Estación El Palomar, in the province of Buenos Aires... Southampton is a city, unitary authority and major port situated on the south coast of England. ...

See also

• History of Argentina
• History of the Falkland Islands

This article is about the history of Argentina. ... The Falkland Islands were uninhabited when discovered by Europeans, but the recent discovery of the remains of a wooden canoe is strong evidence that they had previously been visited, most probably by the Yaghan people of Tierra del Fuego. ...

References

• Argentine Caudillo: Juan Manuel de Rosas, by John Lynch (1981, 2001).