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Encyclopedia > Judah (Bible)

Judah/Yehuda (Hebrew: יְהוּדָה, Standard Yəhuda Tiberian Yəhûḏāh) was, according to the Book of Genesis, the fourth son of Jacob and Leah, and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Judah; however Biblical scholars view this as postdiction, an eponymous metaphor providing an aetiology of the connectedness of the tribe to others in the Israelite confederation[1]. With Leah as a matriarch, Biblical scholars regard the tribe as having been believed by the text's authors to have been part of the original Israelite confederation; however, it is worthy of note[2] that the tribe of Judah was not purely Israelite, but contained a large admixture of non-Israelites, with a number of Kenizzite groups, the Jerahmeelites, and the Kenites, merging into the tribe at various points[3]. “Hebrew” redirects here. ... “Hebrew” redirects here. ... Tiberian Hebrew is an oral tradition of pronunciation for ancient forms of Hebrew, especially the Hebrew of the Tanakh, that was given written form by masoretic scholars in the Jewish community at Tiberias in the early Middle Ages, beginning in the 8th century. ... Genesis (Greek: Γένεσις, having the meanings of birth, creation, cause, beginning, source and origin) is the first book of the Torah (five books of Moses) and hence the first book of the Tanakh, part of the Hebrew Bible; it is also the first book of the Christian Old Testament. ... Jacob Wrestling with the Angel – Gustave Doré, 1855 Jacob or Yaakov, (Hebrew: יַעֲקֹב, Standard  Tiberian ; Arabic: يعقوب, ; holds the heel), also known as Israel (Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל, Standard  Tiberian ; Arabic: اسرائيل, ; Struggled with God), is the third Biblical patriarch. ... Look up Leah, לֵאָה in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... An Israelite is a member of the Twelve Tribes of Israel, descended from the twelve sons of the Biblical patriarch Jacob who was renamed Israel by God in the book of Genesis, 32:28 The Israelites were a group of Hebrews, as described in the Bible. ... The Tribe of Judah (Hebrew: יְהוּדָה, Praise; Standard Hebrew , Tiberian Hebrew ) is one of the Hebrew tribes, founded by Judah, son of Jacob(Israel). ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... An eponym is the name of a person, whether real or fictitious, who has (or is thought to have) given rise to the name of a particular place, tribe, discovery, or other item. ... Look up metaphor in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Etiology (alternately aetiology, aitiology) is the study of Greek words aitia = cause and logos = word/speech) is used in philosophy, physics and biology in reference to the causes of various phenomena. ... Kenizzite - The name of a tribe referred to in the covenant God made with Abraham (Genesis 15:19). ... The Kenites were a people whose name has been interpreted as smiths by some and by others related to the word nest. These interpretations are not sure, however. ...


The text of the Torah argues that the name of Judah refers to Leah's intent to praise Yahweh, on account of having achieved four children, implying that the name is a a theophory in Yahweh, and derived from odeh, meaning I will give praise, such that Judah means I will give praise to Yahweh[4]; it is equally possible for the name to be a theophory in Yahu of odeh, with Judah meaning I will give praise to Yahu. In classical rabbinical literature, the name is interpreted as just being a combination of Yahweh and a dalet (the letter d); in Gematria, the dalet has the numerical value 4, which these rabbinical sources argue refers to Judah being Jacob's fourth son[5]. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Phoenician silver drachm from ca. ... Theophory is a reference to the naming practice of adding a gods name (or the local equivalent of the generic term for god) to an individuals proper name. ... Yaw or Yam is the name for the Levantine god of chaos and the power of the untamed sea as found in texts from the ancient city of Ugarit. ... Rabbinic literature, in the broadest sense, can mean the entire spectrum of Judaisms rabbinic writing/s throughout history. ... Dalet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Contents

Births and Deaths

Main article: Tamar (biblical figure)

According to Classical rabbinical literature, Judah was born on the 15th of Sivan[6]; classical sources differ on the date of death, with the Book of Jubilees advocating a death at age 119, 18 years before Levi[7], but the midrashic Book of Jasheradvocating a death at the age of 129[8]. The marriage of Judah and births of his children are described in a passage widely regarded as an abrupt change to the surrounding narrative[9]. The passage is often regarded as presenting a significant chronological issue, as the surrounding context appears to constrain the events of the passage to happening within 22 years[10], and the context together with the passage itself requires the birth of the grandson of Judah and of his son's wife[11], and the birth of that son[12], to have happened within this time (to be consistent, this requires an average of less than 8 years gap per generation). According to textual scholars, the reason for the abrupt interruption this passage causes to the surrounding narrative, and the chronological anomaly it seems to present, is that it derives from the Jahwist source, while the immediately surrounding narrative is from the Elohist[13][14][15]. Tamar - תָּמָר Palm tree, Standard Hebrew Tamar, Tiberian Hebrew Tāmār The daughter-in-law of Judah, to whose eldest son, Er, she was married (Gen. ... Rabbinic literature, in the broadest sense, can mean the entire spectrum of Judaisms rabbinic writing/s throughout history. ... Sivan In Ayyavazhi mythology Sivan is one among the Three Great Godheads or Trimurti in Ayyavazhi mythology and is the Tamil name for Siva. ... The Book of Jubilees expands and reworks material found in Genesis to Exodus 15. ... This article discusses the Biblical patriarch. ... Sefer haYashar (midrash), a Hebrew midrash known in English translation mostly as The Book of Jasher. ... The Jahwist, also referred to as the Jehovist, Yahwist, or simply as J, is one of the sources of the Torah postulated by the documentary hypothesis. ... The Elohist (E) is one of the sources of the Torah postulated by the documentary hypothesis. ...


In this passage, Judah married the daughter of Shuah, a Canaanite. The Book of Jubilees argues for Bat Shua as the name of the wife[16], the midrashic Book of Jasher argues for lllit as her name[17]. The passage goes on to state that Judah and his wife had three children between them - Er, Onan, and Shelah - and that the first married Tamar[18]; after Er died without any children, Tamar became Onan's wife in accordance with custom, but he too died without children[19]. The narrative continues by stating that Judah decided that marriage to Tamar was cursed to be fatal, and so avoided letting Shelah marry her[20]; this would have left Tamar unable to have children, so she managed to trick Judah into having sex with her, by pretending to be a prostitute[21]. According to the text, when Judah discovered that Tamar was pregnant, he intended to have her burnt[22], but when he discovered that he was the father, he recanted and confessed that he had used a prostitute[23]; she was pregnant with twins, and they were Pharez and Zerah, the fourth and fifth sons of Judah[24]. According to the Talmud, Judah's confession atoned for some of his prior faults, and itself resulted in him being divinely rewarded by a share in the future world[25]. Canaanite can describe anything pertaining to Canaan: in particular, its languages and inhabitants. ... First-born of Judah. ... Onan (אוֹנָן Strong, Standard Hebrew Onan, Tiberian Hebrew ʾÔnān) is a person described in the book of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible. ... Shelah or Shela (שֵׁלָה Petition, Standard Hebrew Šela, Tiberian Hebrew Šēlāh) is the name of two persons in the Bible: The son of Arpachshad, and thus the grandson of Shem. ... Tamar - תָּמָר Palm tree, Standard Hebrew Tamar, Tiberian Hebrew Tāmār The daughter-in-law of Judah, to whose eldest son, Er, she was married (Gen. ... Levirate marriage is the practice of a woman marrying one of her husbands brothers after her husbands death, if there were no children, in order to continue the line of the dead husband. ... It has been suggested that Duration of sexual intercourse be merged into this article or section. ... Prostitution is the sale of sexual services (typically manual stimulation, oral sex, sexual intercourse, or anal sex) for cash or other kind of return, generally indiscriminately with many persons. ... Burning of two sodomites at the stake (execution of individuals by fire. ... In the Book of Genesis, Pharez or Péretz (פֶּרֶץ / פָּרֶץ Breach, Standard Hebrew Péreẓ / Páreẓ, Tiberian Hebrew Péreá¹£ / Pāreá¹£) is the son of Judah by the Canaanitish woman Tamar. ... Zerah or Zérach (זֶרַח / זָרַח Sunrise, Standard Hebrew Zéraḥ / Záraḥ, Tiberian Hebrew Zéraḥ / Zāraḥ) 1. ... The first page of the Vilna Edition of the Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Berachot, folio 2a. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...


The main motive of the Tamar narrative, is, according to biblical scholars, an eponymous aetiological myth concerning the fluctuations in the constituency of the tribe of Judah; textual scholars attribute the narrative to the Yahwist, though Biblical scholars regard it as concerning the state of the clans not much earlier[26][27]. A number of scholars have proposed that the deaths of Er and Onan reflect the dying out of two clans[28][29]; Onan may represent an Edomite clan named Onam[30], who are mentioned in an Edomite genealogy in Genesis[31], while Er appears from a genealogy in the Book of Chronicles[32] to have later been subsumed by the Shelah clan[33][34]. The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ... Edom (Hebrew: אֱדוֹם, Standard Tiberian  ; red) is a name given to Esau in the Hebrew Bible, as well as to the nation purportedly descended from him. ... The Book of Chronicles is a book in the Hebrew Bible (also see Old Testament). ...


Some scholars have argued that the narrative secondarily aims to either assert the institution of levirate marriage, or present an aetiological myth for its origin, since it highlights cases of marriage for pleasure not for having children (Onan), of refusal to perform the marriage (Jacob, on behalf of Shelah), and of levirate activities with men related to the dead husband other than fraternally[35]; Emerton regards the evidence for this as inconclusive, though according to classical rabbinical writers this is the origin of levirate marriage[36]. A number of scholars, particularly in recent decades (as of 1980), have proposed that the narrative reflects an anachronistic interest in the biblical account of king David, with the character of Tamar being the same[37][38]; the proposals partly being due to the scenes of the narrative - Adullam, Chezib, and Timnah - overlapping[39][40]. Levirate marriage is the practice of a woman marrying one of her husbands brothers after her husbands death, if there were no children, in order to continue the line of the dead husband. ... Look up Anachronism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... David and Goliath by Caravaggio, c. ... Amnon was Davids eldest son. ... Adullam is a town referred to in the Hebrew Bible. ... This entry incorporates text from the public domain Eastons Bible Dictionary, originally published in 1897. ... Biblical Timnah, identified with the modern archeological site of Tel Batash, in the Sorek Valley of Israel, near Kibbutz Tal Shahar. ...


Judah as a leader and as a champion

The Book of Chronicles mentions that ... a ruler came from Judah ...[41], which classical rabbinical sources took to imply that Judah was the leader of his brothers, terming him the king[42][43]. The same part of the Book of Chronicles also describes Judah as the strongest of his brothers[44], and rabbinical literature portrays him as having had extraordinary physical strength, able to shout for over 400 parasangs, able to crush iron into dust by his mouth, and with hair that stiffened so much, when he became angry, that it pierced his clothes[45]. The Book of Chronicles is a book in the Hebrew Bible (also see Old Testament). ... Rabbinic literature, in the broadest sense, can mean the entire spectrum of Judaisms rabbinic writing/s throughout history. ... The parasang (Persian فرسنگ farsang) is an ancient Persian unit of itinerant distance corresponding to approximately 3. ...


Fighting Canaanites

Classical rabbinical sources allude to a war between the Canaanites and Judah's family (which isn't mentioned in the Bible), as a result of their destruction of Shechem in revenge for the rape of Dinah[46][47][48][49][50]; Judah features heavily as a protagonist in accounts of this war. In these accounts Judah kills Jashub, king of Tappuah, in hand-to-hand combat, after first having deposed Jashub from his horse by throwing an extremely heavy stone (60 shekels in weight) at him from a large distance away (the Midrash Wayissau states 177⅓ cubits, while other sources have only 30 cubits)[51]; the accounts say that Judah was able to acheive this even though he was himself under attack, from arrows which Jashub was shooting at him with both hands[52]. The accounts go on to state that while Judah was trying to remove Jashub's armour from his corpse, nine assistants of Jashub fell upon him in combat, but after Judah killed one, he scared away the others[53]; nevertheless, Judah killed several members of Jashub's army (42 men according to the midrashic Book of Jasher, but 1000 men according to the Testament of Judah)[54]. This article is about the land called Canaan. ... Shechem is a name of geographical places. ... The references in this article would be clearer with a different and/or consistent style of citation, footnoting or external linking. ... Tappuah is a Biblical name with several meanings: Taffah, formerly (Beth-)Tappuah, was a town on the West Bank 4 miles west of Hebron. ... Silver half-shekel struck in the Greek colony of Taras, during the Punic occupation. ... For the unit of information, see qubit Cubit is the name for the ancient Egyptian and Sumerian units of measure. ... Sefer haYashar (midrash), a Hebrew midrash known in English translation mostly as The Book of Jasher. ... The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs is an important constituent of the apocryphal scriptures connected with the Old Testament, comprising the dying commands of the twelve sons of Jacob. ...


Selling Joseph

In the Torah's Joseph narrative, when his brothers are jealous of Joseph and contemplate murdering him, Judah suggests that the brothers should sell Joseph to some passing Ishmaelites[55]; it is unclear from the narrative whether Judah's motives were to save Joseph, or to harm him but keep him alive. The narrative goes on to state that the brothers dipped Joseph's coat in fresh goat's blood, and showed it to Jacob, after Joseph had gone, so that he would think that Joseph was dead; according to some classical rabbinical sources, Jacob suspected that Judah had killed Joseph[56], especially, according to the Midrash Tanhuma, when Judah was the one who had brought the blood stained coat to Jacob[57]. Joseph, in the Hebrew Bible appears in the Book of Genesis. ... Expulsion of Ishmael and His Mother. ... Midrash Tanhuma (Hebrew: מדרש תנחומא) is the name given to three different collections of Pentateuch haggadot; two are extant, while the third is known only through citations. ...


Since rabbinical sources held Judah to have been the leader of his brothers, these sources also hold him responsible for this deception, even if it was not Judah himself who brought the coat to Jacob[58]. Even if Judah had been trying to save Joseph, the classical rabbinical sources still regard him negatively for it; these sources argue that, as the leader of the brothers, Judah should have made more effort, and carried Joseph home to Jacob on his (Judah's) own shoulders[59]. These sources argue that Judah's brothers, after witnessing Jacob's grief at the loss of Joseph, deposed and excommunicated Judah, as the brothers held Judah entirely responsible, since they would have brought Joseph home if Judah had asked them to do so[60]. Divine punishment, according to such classical sources, was also inflicted on Judah in punishment; the death of Er and Onan, and of his wife, are portrayed in by such classical rabbis as being acts of divine retribution[61]. Excommunication is a religious censure used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community. ...


Protecting Benjamin

The Biblical Joseph narrative eventually describes Joseph as meeting his brothers again, while he is in a position of power, and without his brothers recognising him; in this latter part of the narrative, Benjamin initially remains in Canaan, and so Joseph takes Simeon hostage, and insists that the brothers return with their younger brother (Benjamin) to prove they aren't spies[62]. The narative goes on to state that Judah offers himself to Jacob as surety for Benjamin's safety, and manages to pursuade him to let them take Benjamin to Egypt; according to classical rabbinical literature, because Judah had proposed that he should bear any blame forever, this ultimately lead to his bones being rolled around his coffin without cease, while it was being carried during the Exodus, until Moses interceded with God, by arguing that Jacob's confession (in regard to having sex with Tamar) had lead to Reuben confessing his own incest[63]. Simeon was Jacobs second son. ... A surety is a person who agrees to be responsible for the debt or obligation of another. ... ḍ:The article Exodus discusses the events related in the book of the Bible and Torah by the same name. ... Moses with the Tablets, 1659, by Rembrandt This article is about the Biblical figure. ... Reuben (רְאוּבֵן, Standard Hebrew Rəʾuven, Tiberian Hebrew Rəʾûḇēn) is the first-born son of Jacob and the founder of the Tribe of Reuben, as related in the Book of Genesis of the Hebrew Bible. ...


When, in the Joseph narrative, the brothers return with Benjamin to Joseph, Joseph tests whether the brothers have reformed by tricking them into a situation where he can demand the enslavement of Benjamin[64]. The narrative describes Judah as making an impassioned plea against enslaving Benjamin, ultimately making Joseph recant and reveal his identity[65]; the Genesis Rabbah, and particularly the midrashic book of Jasher, expand on this by describing Judah's plea as much more extensive than given in the Torah, and more vehement[66][67]. Wiktionary has related dictionary definitions, such as: slave Slave may refer to: Slavery, where people are owned by others, and live to serve their owners without pay Slave (BDSM), a form of sexual and consenual submission Slave clock, in technology, a clock or timer that synchrnonizes to a master clock... Binyamin (Hebrew: , Standard  Tiberian ) was, according to the Book of Genesis, a son of Jacob, and the second (and final) son of Rachel, and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Benjamin[1]; in the Biblical account, unlike Rachels first son - Joseph, the father of Ephraim and Manasseh - Benjamin... Genesis Rabba (Bereshith Rabba in Hebrew) is a religious text holy to classical Judaism. ...


The classical rabbinical literature goes on to argue that Judah reacted violently to the threat against Benjamin, shouting so loudly that Hushim, who was then in Canaan, was able to hear Judah ask him to travel to Egypt, to help Judah destroy it[68]; some sources have Judah angrily picking up an extremely heavy stone (400 shekels in weight), throwing it into the air, then grinding it to dust with his feet once it had landed[69]. These rabbinical sources argue that Judah had Naphtali enumerate the districts of Egypt, and after finding out that there were 12 (historically, there were actually 20 in Lower Egypt and 22 in Upper Egypt), he decided to destroy three himself, and have his brothers destroy one of the remaining districts each[70]; the threat of destroying Egypt was, according to these sources, what really motivated Joseph to reveal himself to his brothers[71]. Naphtali (Hebrew: נַפְתָּלִי, Standard Tiberian  ; My struggle) is the sixth son of Jacob and the founder of the tribe of Naphtali, first mentioned in the Book of Genesis and as described in the Hebrew Bible. ... The nomes of Ancient Egypt A nome (Greek: district) is a subnational administrative division of Ancient Egypt. ... Map of Upper and Lower Egypt Ancient Egypt was divided into two kingdoms, known as Upper and Lower Egypt. ... Map of Upper and Lower Egypt Ancient Egypt was divided into two kingdoms, known as Upper and Lower Egypt. ...


See also

The Tribe of Judah (Hebrew: יְהוּדָה, Praise; Standard Hebrew , Tiberian Hebrew ) is one of the Hebrew tribes, founded by Judah, son of Jacob(Israel). ... Kingdom of Judah (Hebrew מַלְכוּת יְהוּדָה, Standard Hebrew Malḫut YÉ™huda, Tiberian Hebrew Malḵûṯ YÉ™hûḏāh) in the times of the Hebrew Bible, was the nation formed from the territories of the tribes of Judah, Simeon, and Benjamin after the Kingdom of Israel was divided, and was named after Judah... Jacob Wrestling with the Angel – Gustave Doré, 1855 Jacob or Yaakov, (Hebrew: יַעֲקֹב, Standard  Tiberian ; Arabic: يعقوب, ; holds the heel), also known as Israel (Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל, Standard  Tiberian ; Arabic: اسرائيل, ; Struggled with God), is the third Biblical patriarch. ... Look up Leah, לֵאָה in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Reuben (רְאוּבֵן, Standard Hebrew Rəʾuven, Tiberian Hebrew Rəʾûḇēn) is the first-born son of Jacob and the founder of the Tribe of Reuben, as related in the Book of Genesis of the Hebrew Bible. ... This article discusses the Biblical patriarch. ... Issachar or Yissachar (יִשָּׂשׁכָר Reward; recompense, Standard Hebrew Yissaḫar, Tiberian Hebrew Yiśśâḵār) was the fifth son of Jacob and his first wife Leah. ... This entry incorporates text from Eastons Bible Dictionary, 1897, with some modernisation. ... The references in this article would be clearer with a different and/or consistent style of citation, footnoting or external linking. ... Look up Rachel, רחל in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Joseph interprets the dream of the Pharaoh. ... Binyamin (Hebrew: , Standard  Tiberian ) was, according to the Book of Genesis, a son of Jacob, and the second (and final) son of Rachel, and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Benjamin[1]; in the Biblical account, unlike Rachels first son - Joseph, the father of Ephraim and Manasseh - Benjamin... In the Book of Genesis, Bilhah (בִּלְהָה Faltering; bashful, Standard Hebrew Bilha, Tiberian Hebrew Bilhāh) is a concubine of Jacob, and bears him two sons, Dan and Naphtali. ... Dan (Hebrew: דָּן, Standard Dan Tiberian Dān; Judge) was, according to the Book of Genesis, a son of Jacob and Bilhah (the first son of Bilhah, but the fifth son of Jacob), and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Dan[1]; however Biblical scholars view this as postdiction, an... Naphtali (Hebrew: נַפְתָּלִי, Standard Tiberian  ; My struggle) is the sixth son of Jacob and the founder of the tribe of Naphtali, first mentioned in the Book of Genesis and as described in the Hebrew Bible. ... In the Book of Genesis, Zilpah (זִלְפָּה Drooping, Standard Hebrew Zilpa, Tiberian Hebrew Zilpāh) is a concubine of Jacob and the mother of Gad and Asher. ... Gad (Hebrew: גד ; luck) was, according to the Book of Genesis, the first son of Jacob and Zilpah, the seventh of Jacob overall, and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Gad; however Biblical scholars view this as postdiction, an eponymous metaphor providing an aetiology of the connectedness of the tribe... Asher (Hebrew: , Standard  Tiberian ), was, according to the Book of Genesis, the second son of Jacob and Zilpah, and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Asher; however Biblical scholars view this as postdiction, an eponymous metaphor providing an aetiology of the connectedness of the tribe to others in the... 11th century manuscript of the Hebrew Bible with Targum This article is about the term Hebrew Bible. For the Hebrew Bible itself, see Tanakh (Jewish tradition) or Old Testament (Christian tradition). ... Creation according to Genesis refers to the description of the creation of the heavens and the earth by God, as described in Genesis, the first book of the Bible. ... A painting by the American Edward Hicks (1780–1849), showing the animals boarding Noahs Ark two by two. ... i love ms hope ... Seth (Hebrew: שֵׁת, Standard Å et, Tiberian ; Arabic: شيث Shith or Shiyth; Placed; appointed), in the Book of Genesis of the Hebrew Bible, is the third listed son of Adam and Eve and brother of Cain and Abel and is the only other son mentioned by name. ... Enos or Enosh (אֱנוֹשׁ mortal man; sick, Standard Hebrew EnoÅ¡, Tiberian Hebrew ʼĔnôš) is a biblical name in the genealogies of Adam, and consequently referred to within the genealogies of Chronicles, and of Jesus in the Gospel of Luke. ... Kenan or Qenan (Cainan seems to be an improper rendering of this word; it is separate from the word transliterated Cainan later in the Torah; the rendering Cainan is based off the Greek renderings, Kaïvav as found in Luke 3:36, 37) (Hebrew: קֵינָן, Standard Tiberian  ; possession; smith) was a... Mahalalel or Mahalaleel (Hebrew מהללאל Mahalalel or Mahălal’ēl) was a patriarch named in the Hebrew Bible. ... Jared was fifth generation descendent of the first human (Adam) and a pre-Global Flood ancestor of Jesus Christ, recorded in the Bible at Genesis 5:15, 1 Chronicles 1:2, and Luke 3:37 (see Generations of Adam). ... Enoch (Hebrew: חֲנוֹךְ; Tiberian: , Standard: ) is a name occurring twice in the generations of Adam. ... Methuselah or Metushélach (Hebrew: מְתוּשֶׁלַח / מְתוּשָׁלַח, Standard  / Tiberian  /  ; Man of the dart, or alternatively when he dies, it shall be sent) is the oldest person whose age is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. ... Lamech (in Hebrew לֶמֶך Lemmech) is the name of two men appearing in the genealogies of Adam in the book of Genesis. ... Noahs Ark, Französischer Meister (The French Master), Magyar Szépművészeti Múzeum, Budapest. ... Shem (שֵׁם renown; prosperity; name, Standard Hebrew Å em, Tiberian Hebrew Å Ä“m; Greek Σημ, SÄ“m; ) was one of the sons of Noah in the Bible who adhered to the Noahide Laws. ... The Patriarchs, known as the Avot in Hebrew, are Abraham, his son Isaac and his grandson Jacob. ... Arpachshad or Arphaxad or Arphacsad (אַרְפַּכְשַׁד / אַרְפַּכְשָׁד healer; releaser, Standard Hebrew , Tiberian Hebrew / ) was one of the five sons of Shem, the son of Noah (Genesis 10:22,24;11:12,13; 1 Chronicles 1:17,18). ... Shelah or Shela (שֵׁלָה Petition, Standard Hebrew Šela, Tiberian Hebrew Šēlāh) is the name of two persons in the Bible: The son of Arpachshad, and thus the grandson of Shem. ... Eber (עֵבֶר, Standard Hebrew , Tiberian Hebrew , Arabic: هود) is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. ... Peleg (פֶּלֶג / פָּלֶג Division, Standard Hebrew Péleg / Páleg, Tiberian Hebrew Péleḡ / Pāleḡ) is one of the two sons of Eber the eponymous ancestor of the Hebrews mentioned in the biblical Table of Nations. ... REU is the abbreviation for RAM Expansion Unit, used by the Commodore 64 and Commodore 128 personal computers. ... Serug - branch - was the son of Reu and the father of Nahor. ... (1. ... Terah or Térach (תֶּרַח / תָּרַח Wanderer; loiterer, Standard Modern Hebrew Téraḥ / Táraḥ, Tiberian Hebrew Téraḥ / Tāraḥ) The person Terah was the father of Abraham mentioned in the Hebrew Bible. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Abraham. ... An angel prevents Abraham from sacrificing Isaac Tedla in this illumation gangster from a 14th century Icelandic manuscript. ... Jacob Wrestling with the Angel – Gustave Doré, 1855 Jacob or Yaakov, (Hebrew: יַעֲקֹב, Standard  Tiberian ; Arabic: يعقوب, ; holds the heel), also known as Israel (Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל, Standard  Tiberian ; Arabic: اسرائيل, ; Struggled with God), is the third Biblical patriarch. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... United Monarchy - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... In Genesis (the first book of the Bible) Judah (יְהוּדָה Praise, Standard Hebrew YÉ™huda, Tiberian Hebrew YÉ™hûḏāh) is the fourth son of Jacob and Leah, born in Padan-aram (Genesis xxix. ... In the Book of Genesis, Pharez or Péretz (פֶּרֶץ / פָּרֶץ Breach, Standard Hebrew Péreẓ / Páreẓ, Tiberian Hebrew Péreá¹£ / Pāreá¹£) is the son of Judah by the Canaanitish woman Tamar. ... In the Book of Genesis, Hezron or Hetzron (חֶצְרוֹן Enclosed, Standard Hebrew Ḥeẓron, Tiberian Hebrew Ḥeṣrôn) is the name of two men. ... The term Aram can refer to: Aram (אֲרָם or ), the son of Shem, according to the Table of nations of Genesis 10 in the Hebrew Bible. ... Amminadab is a Hebrew/Canaanite name meaning my people are generous. The name is held by several individuals. ... Nahshon or Nachshon ben Aminadav (Nacshon son of Aminadav) is first mentioned in the Hebrew Bibles Book of Exodus. ... Salmon is a person in the Hebrew Bible. ... Boaz (Heb. ... In the Bible, Obed was a son of Boaz and Ruth (Ruth 4:21, 22), and the grandfather of David (Matt. ... Detail of Jesse from the Stained Glass window of All Saints Church,Hove,Sussex. ... David and Goliath by Caravaggio, c. ...

Citations

  1. ^ Peake's commentary on the Bible
  2. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
  3. ^ ibid
  4. ^ Genesis 29:35
  5. ^ Sotah 10b
  6. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
  7. ^ Jubilees 28:15
  8. ^ Sefer haYashar (midrashic), Shemot
  9. ^ Genesis 38
  10. ^ compare Genesis 37:2 (... young man of 17 ...) - with Genesis 41:46 (... was 30 years old ...), 41:53 (... 7 years ...), and 45:6 (... for 2 years ...)
  11. ^ Genesis 46:12 ( ... sons of Pharez ... )
  12. ^ Genesis 38:3 (... gave birth to Er ...)
  13. ^ Cheyne and Black, Encyclopedia Biblica
  14. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
  15. ^ Richard Elliott Friedman, Who wrote the Bible?
  16. ^ Jubilees 34:20
  17. ^ Sefer haYasher (midrashic), Vayeshev
  18. ^ Genesis 38:3-6
  19. ^ Genesis 38:7-10
  20. ^ Genesis 38:11
  21. ^ Genesis 38:12-23
  22. ^ Genesis 38:24
  23. ^ Genesis 38:25-26
  24. ^ Genesis 38:27-30
  25. ^ Sotah 7b
  26. ^ J. A. Emerton, Judah And Tamar
  27. ^ This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
  28. ^ J. A. Emerton, Judah And Tamar
  29. ^ Cheyne and Black, Encyclopedia Biblica
  30. ^ Cheyne and Black, Encyclopedia Biblica
  31. ^ Genesis 36:23
  32. ^ 1 Chronicles 4:21
  33. ^ J. A. Emerton, Judah And Tamar
  34. ^ Cheyne and Black, Encyclopedia Biblica
  35. ^ J. A. Emerton, Judah And Tamar
  36. ^ Genesis Rabbah 85:6
  37. ^ J. A. Emerton, Judah And Tamar
  38. ^ Encyclopedia Brittanica, Tamar, 1911 edition
  39. ^ J. A. Emerton, Judah And Tamar
  40. ^ Encyclopedia Brittanica, Tamar, 1911 edition
  41. ^ 1 Chronicles 5:2
  42. ^ Genesis Rabbah 84:16
  43. ^ Testament of Judah 1
  44. ^ 1 Chronicles 5:2
  45. ^ Genesis Rabbah 93:6–7
  46. ^ in great detail in the midrashic Book of Jasher, Vayishlah
  47. ^ Pseudo-Jonathan (on Genesis 48:22)
  48. ^ Midrash Vayissa'u
  49. ^ Book of Jubilees 34:1-9
  50. ^ Testament of Judah 3-7
  51. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
  52. ^ ibid
  53. ^ ibid
  54. ^ ibid
  55. ^ Genesis 37:26-27
  56. ^ Midrash Genesis Rabbah 95:1; Midrash Tanhuma
  57. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
  58. ^ ibid
  59. ^ Genesis Rabbah 85:4
  60. ^ Exodus Rabbah 42:2; Tanhumah, Vayeshev, 12
  61. ^ Tanhuma, Vayiggash 10
  62. ^ Genesis 42:24, 42:34
  63. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
  64. ^ Genesis 44:1-17
  65. ^ Genesis 44:18-34
  66. ^ Sefer haYashar (midrashic), Vayiggash
  67. ^ Genesis Rabbah 93:7
  68. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
  69. ^ Sefer haYashar
  70. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
  71. ^ ibid

Nashim (Women or Wives) is the third order of the Mishnah (also of the Tosefta and Talmud), containing the laws related to women and family life. ... Thomas Kelly Cheyne (1841 - 1915), English divine and Biblical critic, was born in London, and educated at Merchant Taylors School and Oxford. ... Richard Elliot Friedman is a writer and Professor of Hebrew and Comparative Literature at UCSD. He is also Katzin Professor of Jewish Civilization: Hebrew Bible; Near Eastern Languages and Literatures. ... Nashim (Women) is the third order of the Mishnah (also of the Tosefta and Talmud), containing the laws related to women and family life. ... The Regius Professorship of Hebrew is one of the oldest and most prestigious of the professorships at the University of Cambridge. ... Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... Genesis Rabba (Bereshith Rabba in Hebrew) is a religious text holy to classical Judaism. ... Genesis Rabba (Bereshith Rabba in Hebrew) is a religious text holy to classical Judaism. ... The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs is an important constituent of the apocryphal scriptures connected with the Old Testament, comprising the dying commands of the twelve sons of Jacob. ... Genesis Rabba (Bereshith Rabba in Hebrew) is a religious text holy to classical Judaism. ... Sefer haYashar (midrash), a Hebrew midrash known in English translation mostly as The Book of Jasher. ... The Book of Jubilees expands and reworks material found in Genesis to Exodus 15. ... The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs is an important constituent of the apocryphal scriptures connected with the Old Testament, comprising the dying commands of the twelve sons of Jacob. ... Genesis Rabba (Bereshith Rabba in Hebrew) is a religious text holy to classical Judaism. ... Genesis Rabba (Bereshith Rabba in Hebrew) is a religious text holy to classical Judaism. ... Exodus Rabbah (Hebrew: שמות רבה) is the midrash to Exodus, containing in the printed editions 52 parashiyyot. ... Midrash (Hebrew: מדרש; plural midrashim) is a Hebrew word referring to a method of exegesis of a Biblical text. ...

Publications

  • Winckler, Geschichte Israels (Berlin, 1895)
  • Ed. Meyer, Die Israeliten und ihre Nachbarstämme (Halle, 1906)
  • Haupt, in Studien ... Welthausen gewidmet (Giessen, 1914)

 

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