The Jugurthine War (122-105 BC) was fought between the Roman Republic and Jugurtha, the renegade king of the African client state of Numidia. Rome's practical need to expand and solidify its dominance over North Africa overlays the war's role as an extension of the struggle between increasingly contentious factions within the Roman government itself. See also Roman Republic (18th century) and Roman Republic (19th century). ... Jugurtha, (c. ... A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest continent in both area and population, after Asia. ... Numidia was an ancient African Berber kingdom and later a Roman province on the northern coast of Africa between the province of Africa (where Tunisia is now) and the province of Mauretania (which is now the western part of Algerias coastal area). ...
The Social War (also called the Italian War) was a war from 91 – 88 BC between the Roman Republic and the other cities in Italy.
In 90 BC almost all of the Italian allies of Rome rebelled in what the Romans called the Social War, allies in Latin being Socii, related to the English "associates".
Rome undercut the military rebellion by extending citizenship to all of Italia south of the Po River and then spent two years defeating the cities still in arms.
Gaining a deep knowledge of Roman military tactics and, due to his legionary service, a large number of friendly contacts within Rome and her Senate, Jugurtha was in a prime position to obtain power.
War was finally declared and L. Calpurnius Bestia, along with M. Aemilius Scaurus, led an army into Africa.
In 105 BC, the war was over and Marius was honored as victor due to his command, despite claims by Sulla to have been responsible for the capture.
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