Julia Caesaris (Classical Latin: IVLIA•CAESARIS) was the daughter of Gaius Julius Caesar the dictator, by Cornelia Cinna, and his only child in marriage.^[1] She was the wife of Pompey the Great and renowned for her beauty and virtue. Classical Latin is the language used by the principal exponents of that language in what is usually regarded as classical Latin literature. ... For other uses, see Julius Caesar (disambiguation). ... Dictator is originally the title of a magistrate in ancient Rome appointed by the Senate to rule the state in times of emergency. ... Cornelia Cinna minor (94 BC[citation needed] – 69 BC[1] or 68 BC[2]), daughter of Lucius Cornelius Cinna, one of the great leaders of the Marian party, was married to Gaius Julius Caesar, who would become one of Romes greatest conquerors and its dictator. ... This article refers to the Roman General. ...

Life

Julia was born around 83 BC–82 BC.^[2] After her mother died in childbirth around 69 BC^[3]–68 BC^[2], she was raised by her paternal grandmother Aurelia Cotta. Her father wanted her to marry Faustus Cornelius Sulla, but she got engaged to Quintus Servilius Caepio. Caesar broke off this engagement and married her to Pompey the Great in April 59 BC, with whom Caesar sought a strong political alliance in forming the First Triumvirate. This family-alliance of its two great chiefs was regarded as the firmest bond between Caesar and Pompey, and was accordingly viewed with much alarm by the oligarchal party in Rome, especially by Marcus Tullius Cicero and Cato the Younger.^{[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]} Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC - 80s BC - 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC Years: 88 BC 87 BC 86 BC 85 BC 84 BC - 83 BC - 82 BC 81 BC 80... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC - 80s BC - 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC Years: 87 BC 86 BC 85 BC 84 BC 83 BC - 82 BC - 81 BC 80 BC 79... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC - 60s BC - 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC Years: 74 BC 73 BC 72 BC 71 BC 70 BC 69 BC 68 BC 67 BC 66... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC - 60s BC - 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC Years: 73 BC 72 BC 71 BC 70 BC 69 BC 68 BC 67 BC 66 BC 65... Aurelia Cotta or Aurelia (120 BC-54 BC) was the mother of Julius Caesar. ... Faustus Cornelius Sulla the First, eldest surviving child of the Dictator of Rome Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix, born in Arrentium in 78BC. Known simply as Faustus, the only Roman to be called that since Faustus Valerius in the time of Numa Pompilius, Faustus was the head of the branch of... This article refers to the Roman General. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 64 BC 63 BC 62 BC 61 BC 60 BC 59 BC 58 BC 57 BC 56... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Cicero at about age 60, from an ancient marble bust Marcus Tullius Cicero (IPA:Classical Latin pronunciation: , usually pronounced in American English or in British English; January 3, 106 BC – December 7, 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, political theorist, philosopher, widely considered one of Romes greatest orators... Marcus Porcius Catō Uticensis (95 BC–46 BC), known as Cato the Younger (Cato Minor) to distinguish him from his great-grandfather Cato the Elder), was a politician and statesman in the late Roman Republic, and a follower of the Stoic philosophy. ...

Pompey was supposedly infatuated with his bride. The personal charms of Julia were remarkable: she was a woman of beauty and virtue; and although policy prompted her union, and she was twenty-three years younger than her husband, she pos­sessed in Pompey a devoted husband, to whom she was, in return, devotedly attached.^[11] A rumor suggested that the aging conqueror was losing interest in politics in favor of domestic life with his young wife. In fact, Pompey had been given the governorship of Hispania Ulterior, but had been permitted to remain in Rome to oversee the Roman grain supply as curator annonae, exercising his command through subordinates.^[12] During the Roman Republic, Hispania Ulterior was a region of Hispania roughly located in Baetica and in the Guadalquivir valley of modern Spain. ... The megalopolis of ancient Rome could never be fed entirely from its own surrounding countryside. ...

Julia died before a breach between her husband and father had become inevitable.^{[13][14][15][16]} At the election of aediles in 55 BC, Pompey was surrounded by a tumultuous mob, and his gown was sprinkled with blood of the rioters. A slave carried the stained toga to his house on the Carinae and was seen by Julia. Imagining that her husband was slain, she fell into premature labour,^[17][18] and her constitution received an irreparable shock. In August of the next year, 54 BC, she died in childbed,^[19] and her infant —a son, according to some writers,^[20][21][22] a daughter, according to others,^[23][24]—survived her only a few days.^[25] Caesar was in Britain, according to Seneca,^[26] when he received the tidings of Julia's death.^[27] Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 60 BC 59 BC 58 BC 57 BC 56 BC 55 BC 54 BC 53 BC 52... Carinae was an area of ancient Rome. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 59 BC 58 BC 57 BC 56 BC 55 BC 54 BC 53 BC 52 BC 51...

Pompey wished her ashes to repose in his favourite Alban villa, but the Roman people, who loved Julia, determined they should rest in the field of Mars. For permission a special decree of the senate was necessary, and Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, one of the consuls of 54 BC, impelled by his hatred to Pompey and Caesar, procured an interdict from the tribunes. But the popular will prevailed, and, after listening to a funeral oration in the forum, the people placed her urn in the Campus Martius.^[28] Ten years later the official pyre for Caesar's cremation would be erected near the tomb of his daughter,^[29][30] but the people intervened after the laudatio funebris by Marcus Antonius and cremated Caesar's body in the Forum. The Alban Hills (It. ... The Campus Martius, or Field of Mars, was a publicly owned area of ancient Rome about 2 km² (600 acres) in extent. ... Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, consul 54 BC was an enemy of Julius Caesar and a strong supporter of the aristocratical party. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 100s BC 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC - 50s BC - 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC Years: 59 BC 58 BC 57 BC 56 BC 55 BC 54 BC 53 BC 52 BC 51... Bust of Mark Antony Marcus Antonius (Latin: M·ANTONIVS·M·F·M·N[1]) ( January 14 83 BC – August 1, 30 BC), known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general. ... The Roman Forum (Forum Romanum) was a central area of ancient Rome in which commerce, business, trading and the administration of justice took place. ...

After Julia’s death Pompey and Caesar’s alliance began to fade which resulted in Caesar's civil war. It was remarked, as a singular omen, that on the day Augustus entered the city as Caesar's adoptive son, the monument of Julia was struck by lightning.^[31] Caesar himself vowed a ceremony to her manes, which he exhibited in 46 BC as extensive funeral games including gladiatorial combats.^[32][33][34] The date of the ceremony was chosen to coincide with the ludi Veneris Genetricis in September, the festival in honor of Venus Genetrix, the divine ancestress of the Julians.^[35] After Julia's death some Caesarian veteran colonies were named after her, e.g. Colonia Iulia (Iulias, later under Augustus known as Livias, near Heliopolis, the modern-day Baalbek). Combatants Julius Caesar and supporters, the Populares faction, Roman senate, the Optimates faction, Commanders Julius Caesar Mark Antony Pompey†, Titus Labienus†, Metellus Scipio†, Cato the younger†, Gnaeus Pompeius† Sextus Pompeius The Roman civil war of 49 BC, sometimes called Caesars Civil War, is one of the last conflicts within... Examples of omens from the Nuremberg Chronicle (1493): natural phenomena and strange births. ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... In Roman mythology, the Manes were the souls of deceased loved ones. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC - 40s BC - 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC 0s Years: 51 BC 50 BC 49 BC 48 BC 47 BC 46 BC 45 BC 44 BC 43 BC... Marble Venus of the Capitoline Venus type, Roman (British Museum) Venus was a major Roman goddess principally associated with love and beauty, the rough equivalent of the Greek goddess Aphrodite. ... Julius (fem. ... Temple of Bacchus Details inside Temple of Bacchus Baalbek (Arabic: ) is a town in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon, altitude 3,850 ft (1,170 m), situated east of the Litani River. ...

Julia in popular culture

Fiction

• In Dante Alighieri's epic poem The Divine Comedy (14th century), Julia was encountered by Dante in the first circle of Hell, the Limbo (where rest souls who are not in torture, the pagans that lived righteous existences):^[36]

[...] The foremost circle that surrounds the abyss. [...]

[...] I knew, who in that Limbo were suspended. [...]

[...] Lucretia, Julia, Marcia, and Cornelia, [...]

Dante in a fresco series of famous men by Andrea del Castagno, ca. ... The Divine Comedy (Italian: , later christened Divina by Giovanni Boccaccio), written by Dante Alighieri between 1308 and his death in 1321, is widely considered the central epic poem of Italian literature, and is seen as one of the greatest works of world literature. ... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ... Dante shown holding a copy of The Divine Comedy, next to the entrance to Hell, the seven terraces of Mount Purgatory and the city of Florence, in Michelinos fresco. ...

Television

• In Julius Caesar (2002 television movie), the role of young Julia is played by Alexandra Morris,^[37][38] while the role of grown-up Julia is played by Italian actress Nicole Grimaudo.^[39]
• Julia's death is portrayed in the premiere episode of HBO's 2005 television series Rome. However, Julia actually died in childbirth in 54 BCE, at least 2 years before the events of this episode.

Julius Caesar is a 2002 mini-series about the life of Julius Caesar. ... Nicole Grimaudo is an actress born on 22 April 1980, in Caltagirone, Sicily, Italy. ... Rome is a multiple Emmy Award-winning historical drama, produced in Italy for television by the BBC (UK), HBO (USA), and RAI (Italy). ...

Notes

Gaius Cornelius Tacitus Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (c. ... The Annals, or, in Latin, Annales, is a history book by Tacitus covering the reign of the 4 Roman Emperors succeeding to Caesar Augustus. ... Sir William Smith (1813 - 1893), English lexicographer, was born at Enfield in 1813 of Nonconformist parents. ... Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton (born 1900; died 1993) was a Canadian classical scholar and leading Latin prosopographer of the twentieth century. ... Cicero at about age 60, from an ancient marble bust Marcus Tullius Cicero (IPA:Classical Latin pronunciation: , usually pronounced in American English or in British English; January 3, 106 BC – December 7, 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, political theorist, philosopher, widely considered one of Romes greatest orators... Mestrius Plutarchus (Greek: Πλούταρχος; 46 - 127), better known in English as Plutarch, was a Greek historian, biographer, essayist, and Middle Platonist. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Plutarch in Greek Plutarchs Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans is a series of biographies of famous men, arranged in tandem to illuminate their common moral virtues or failings. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Plutarch in Greek Plutarchs Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans is a series of biographies of famous men, arranged in tandem to illuminate their common moral virtues or failings. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Plutarch in Greek Plutarchs Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans is a series of biographies of famous men, arranged in tandem to illuminate their common moral virtues or failings. ... Appian (c. ... Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus ( 69/75 - after 130), also known as Suetonius, was a prominent Roman historian and biographer. ... The Twelve Caesars is a set of twelve biographies of Julius Caesar and the first 11 emperors of the Roman Empire. ... Dio Cassius Cocceianus (c. ... Aulus Gellius ( 125 - after 180), Latin author and grammarian, possibly of African origin, probably born and certainly brought up at Rome. ... “Augustinus” redirects here. ... Marcus Velleius Paterculus (c. ... Florus, Roman historian, flourished in the time of Trajan and Hadrian. ... Marcus Annaeus Lucanus (November 3, AD 39-April 30, 65), better known in English as Lucan, was a Roman poet, and is one of the outstanding figures of the Silver Latin period. ... Valerius Maximus was a Latin writer and author of a collection of historical anecdotes. ... Bust, traditionally thought to be Seneca, now identified by some as Hesiod. ... Stoic Eschatology: Around 50CE, Seneca the Younger wrote “ the inhabited world… in huge conflagration it will burn and scorch and burn all mortal things… stars will clash with stars and all the feiry matter of the world… will blaze up in a common conflagration. ... A portrait of Titus Livius made long after his death. ... The Twelve Caesars is a set of twelve biographies of Julius Caesar and the first 11 emperors of the Roman Empire. ... For other uses, see Augustus (disambiguation). ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 90s BC 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC - 40s BC - 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC 0s BC 0s Years: 49 BC 48 BC 47 BC 46 BC 45 BC 44 BC 43 BC 42 BC 41 BC... Dante in a fresco series of famous men by Andrea del Castagno, ca. ... The Divine Comedy (Italian: , later christened Divina by Giovanni Boccaccio), written by Dante Alighieri between 1308 and his death in 1321, is widely considered the central epic poem of Italian literature, and is seen as one of the greatest works of world literature. ... Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (February 27, 1807 – March 24, 1882) was an American poet whose works include Paul Reveres Ride, A Psalm of Life, The Song of Hiawatha and Evangeline. He also wrote the first American translation of Dante Alighieris Divine Comedy and was one of the five members... The Internet Movie Database (IMDb) is an online database of information about movies, actors, television shows, production crew personnel, and video games. ...

References

• Appian, Civil Wars.
• Augustine of Hippo, The city of God.
• Cicero, Letters to Atticus.
• Cicero, Oration for Publius Quinctius.
• Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy, translated by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Boston: Ticknor & Fields, 1867.
• Livy, Periochae.
• Matthias Gelzer, Caesar, Politician and Statesman, (translated by Peter Needham), Oxford, 1968.
• Plutarch, Life of Caesar.
• Plutarch Life of Pompey.
• Plutarch Life of Cato the Younger.
• Seneca, To Marcia, On consolation.
• Suetonius, Life of Julius Caesar.
• Tacitus, Annals.
• Thomas Robert Shannon Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic, vol. 2, 132, New York, (1951-1986).
• This entry incorporates public domain text originally from:
  • William Smith (ed.), A New Classical Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography, Mythology and Geography, 1851.
  • William Smith (ed.), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, 1870.