Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine with his wife, Julia von Hauke

Julia von Hauke (November 12, 1825 (O.S.)/November 24, 1825 (N.S.)–September 19, 1895) was the wife of Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine (1823–1888), the mother of Alexander of Bulgaria, and ancestress to the current generations of the British and the Spanish royal families. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1825 (MDCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Julian calendar was introduced in 46 BC by Julius Caesar and came into force in 45 BC (709 ab urbe condita). ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1825 (MDCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Julian calendar was introduced in 46 BC by Julius Caesar and came into force in 45 BC (709 ab urbe condita). ... is the 262nd day of the year (263rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine Prince Alexander of Hesse GCB (15 July 1823 - 15 December 1888), was the third son and fourth child of Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse and Wilhelmina of Baden. ... Grand Ducal Hesse within the German Empire Capital Darmstadt Government Monarchy Grand Duke  - 1806–1830 Louis I  - 1830–1848 Louis II  - 1848–1877 Louis III  - 1877–1892 Louis IV  - 1892–1918 Ernest Louis History  - Established 13 August, 1806  - Disestablished 9 November, 1918 Area  - 1910[1] 7,688. ... Alexander Joseph of Battenberg (April 5, 1857 - November 17, 1893), the first prince of modern Bulgaria, reigned from April 29, 1879 to September 7, 1886). ... An ancestor is a parent or (recursively) the parent of an ancestor (i. ...

Life

Julia was born in Warsaw, in Congress Poland, then ruled in personal union by the Tsar of Imperial Russia. She was the daughter of Hans Moritz von Hauke (English: John Maurice von Hauke) (1775–1830) and his wife Sophie (née la Fontaine). Her father was German and a professional military man and fought in Napoleon's army in Austria, Italy, Germany and the Peninsular War. He then switched sides to fight for the Russians. Recognising his abilities, Tsar Nicholas I appointed him Deputy Minister of War of Congress Poland and elevated him to Count. For other uses, see Warsaw (disambiguation) and Warszawa (disambiguation). ... Map of Congress Poland. ... It has been suggested that Dynastic union be merged into this article or section. ... Tsar (Bulgarian, Serbian and Macedonian цар, Russian  , in scientific transliteration respectively car and car ), occasionally spelled Czar or Tzar and sometimes Csar or Zar in English, is a Slavonic term designating certain monarchs. ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start... Count Maurice von Hauke (Polish: ) (26 October 1775, Seifersdorf – 29 November 1830, Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire) was a professional soldier. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... For the 1862 American Civil War campaign, see Peninsula Campaign. ... Nicholas I (Russian: Николай I Павлович, Nikolai I Pavlovich), July 6 (June 25, Old Style), 1796–March 2 (18 February Old Style), 1855), was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855, known as one of the most reactionary of the Russian monarchs. ... A count is a nobleman in most European countries, equivalent in rank to a British earl, whose wife is also still a countess (for lack of an Anglo-Saxon term). ...

In the November Uprising of 1830 led by revolted army cadets, Grand Duke Constantine, Poland's de facto Viceroy, managed to escape, but Count von Hauke was shot by the cadets on the street of Warsaw. His wife died of shock shortly afterwards, and their children were made wards of the Tsar. Coat-of-arms of the November Uprising. ... The title of Grand Duke (Latin, Magnus Dux; German, Großherzog, Russian, Великий князь) used in Slavic, Baltic, and Germanic countries, is ranked in honour below King but higher than a sovereign Duke (Herzog) or Prince (Fürst). ... Constantine was known for his repugnant physical features which resembled those of his father, Emperor Paul. ... A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. ... For other uses, see Warsaw (disambiguation) and Warszawa (disambiguation). ...

Julia served as Lady-in-Waiting to Empress Marie Alexandrovna, wife of Tsar Alexander II and sister of Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine, and met her future husband in St. Petersburg. The Tsar did not approve of any liaison between his brother-in-law, Prince Alexander, and a mere lady-in-waiting, and so the young lovers arranged to leave the Moscow Court. They were married on 28 October 1851 in Breslau in Prussian Silesia (now Wrocław in Poland). Lady in Waiting is an album by American southern rock band The Outlaws, released in 1976. ... Marie of Hesse Princess Maximilienne Wilhelmine Marie of Hesse and the Rhine (8 August 1824-8 June 1880) was a princess of Grand Ducal Hesse and, as Marie Alexandrovna, Empress consort of Alexander II of Russia. ... Alexander (Aleksandr) II Nikolaevich (Russian: Александр II Николаевич) (Moscow, 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881 in St. ... is the 301st day of the year (302nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Silesia (English pronunciation [], Czech: ; German: ; Latin: ; Polish: ; Silesian: Åšlůnsk) is a historical region in central Europe, located along the upper and middle Oder River, upper Vistula River, and along the Sudetes, Carpathian (Silesian Beskids) mountain range. ... Motto: Miasto spotkaÅ„ (the meeting place) Coordinates: , Country Poland Voivodeship Lower Silesian Powiat city county Gmina WrocÅ‚aw Established 10th century City Rights 1262 Government  - Mayor RafaÅ‚ Dutkiewicz Area  - City 292. ...

Julia was considered to be of insufficient rank to have any of her children qualify for the succession on the throne of Hesse and by Rhine (Hesse-Darmstadt), hence the marriage was considered morganatic. Her husband's brother, Grand Duke Ludwig III of Hesse-Darmstadt, created her Countess of Battenberg in 1851, with the style of 'Illustrious Highness', and in 1858 elevated her to Hereditary Princess of Battenberg with the style of 'Serene Highness' (a non-royal title). As a result, the children of Julia and Alexander were also elevated to Prince or Princess and addressed as 'Serene Highness.' Thus, Battenberg became the name of a cadet branch of the Grand Ducal Family of Hesse. Grand Ducal Hesse within the German Empire Capital Darmstadt Government Monarchy Grand Duke  - 1806–1830 Louis I  - 1830–1848 Louis II  - 1848–1877 Louis III  - 1877–1892 Louis IV  - 1892–1918 Ernest Louis History  - Established 13 August, 1806  - Disestablished 9 November, 1918 Area  - 1910[1] 7,688. ... A morganatic marriage is a type of marriage which can be contracted in certain countries, usually between persons of unequal social rank (unebenbürtig in German), which prevents the passage of the husbands titles and privileges to the wife and any children born of the marriage. ... Louis III (9 June 1806, Darmstadt - 13 June 1877, Seeheim) was Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 1848 until his death. ... Battenberg (Eder) is a town of 5000 inhabitants in Northern Hesse, Germany. ... Illustrious Highness is the English-language form for a style used by various members of the European aristocracy. ... Serene Highness (acronym HSH) – His Serene Highness or Her Serene Highness. ...

Julia converted from Roman Catholicism to Lutheranism on 12 May 1875. She died at Heiligenberg Castle, near Jugenheim in southern Hesse. The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition. ... is the 132nd day of the year (133rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Heiligenberg is a Gemeinde of Bodenseekreis, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... Seeheim-Jugenheim is a municipality in Hessen, Germany, with a population of approximately 17. ...

Children

There were five children of the marriage, all princes and princesses of Battenberg:

• Marie (1852–1923), married in 1872 Gustav, Count of Erbach-Schönberg (d. 1908), with issue.
• Ludwig (1854–1921), created first Marquess of Milford Haven in 1917, married in 1884 Princess Victoria of Hesse and the Rhine (1863–1950), with issue (including Princess Andrew of Greece, Queen Louise of Sweden, and the 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma).
• Alexander (1857–1893), created Reigning Prince of Bulgaria in 1879, abdicated in Bulgaria and created Count of Hartenau, married morganatically in 1889 Johanna Loisinger (1865–1951), with issue.
• Heinrich (1858–1896), married Beatrice, Princess of Great Britain and Ireland (1857–1944), with issue (including Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg later Queen of Spain). His children resided in the United Kingdom and became Lords and Ladies with the surname Mountbatten in 1917. His eldest son was created the first Marquess of Carisbrooke in 1917.
• Franz Joseph (1861–1924), married in 1897 Anna Princess Petrovich-Niegosh of Montenegro (1874–1971), with no issue.

Alexander and Julia's eldest son, Ludwig (Louis) of Battenberg, became a British subject, and during World War I, due to anti-German feelings prevalent at the time, anglicised his name to Mountbatten (a literal translation of the German Battenberg), as did his nephews, the sons of Prince Henry and Princess Beatrice. The members of this branch of the family also renounced all German titles and were granted peerages by their cousin King George V of the United Kingdom: Prince Louis became the 1st Marquess of Milford Haven, while Prince Alexander, Prince Henry's eldest son, became the 1st Marquess of Carisbrooke. Admiral of the Fleet Prince Louis of Battenberg, later Louis Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven (24 May 1854-11 September 1921) was a minor German prince who married into the British Royal Family and pursued a distinguished career in the Royal Navy, eventually serving as First Sea Lord from... The title of Marquess of Milford Haven was created in 1917 for Prince Louis of Battenberg, the former First Sea Lord, and a relation to the British Royal family, who became Louis Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven. ... Victoria, Marchioness of Milford Haven, née Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine (Victoria Alberta Elisabeth Mathilde Marie) (5 April 1863-24 September 1950) was the eldest daughter of Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (1837-1892) and his wife Alice, Princess of Great Britain and... Princess Alice of Battenberg, later Princess Andrew of Greece and Denmark (25 February 1885 - 5 December 1969) was a great-granddaughter of the British Queen Victoria who married into the royal house of Greece. ... Lady Louise Alexandra Marie Irene Mountbatten (13 July 1889 – 7 March 1965), Queen Louise of Sweden (1950-65), was the second wife of King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden. ... Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas George Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, KG, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, GCVO, DSO, PC (25 June 1900–27 August 1979) was a British admiral and statesman and an uncle of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. ... Alexander Joseph of Battenberg (April 5, 1857 - November 17, 1893), the first prince of modern Bulgaria, reigned from April 29, 1879 to September 7, 1886). ... Johanna Maria Louise Loisinger was the wife of Prince Alexander of Bulgaria. ... Prince Henry of Battenberg Prince Henry of Battenberg (Colonel Henry Maurice Battenberg, KG, PC) (5 October 1858 – 20 January 1896) was a descendant of the Grand Ducal House of Hesse, and later became a member of the British Royal Family through his marriage to Princess Beatrice, the youngest daughter of... The Princess Beatrice, (Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore), (14 April 1857 - 26 October 1944), was a member of the British Royal Family, the fifth daughter and the youngest child of Queen Victoria. ... The Union Flag, in its modern form, was first adopted in 1801. ... Princess Victoria Eugénie of Battenberg later Queen Victoria Eugenia of Spain (24 October 1887-15 April 1969), a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, was the consort of the exiled King Alfonso XIII of Spain and the paternal grandmother of the current King of Spain, Juan Carlos. ... This is a list of Spanish monarchs - that is, rulers of united Spain. ... The Most Honourable Alexander Drino Albert Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Carisbrooke (November 23, 1886–February 23, 1960) was the son of Prince Henry of Battenberg and Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom. ... The title of Marquess of Carisbrooke was created in the Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1917 for Prince Alexander of Battenberg, eldest son of Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom (youngest daughter of Queen Victoria) and Prince Henry of Battenberg. ... Prince Francis Joseph of Battenberg, also known as Prince Franz Joseph of Battenberg, (September 24, 1861- July 31, 1924), was the youngest son of Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine and Countess Julia von Hauke. ... Anthem Oj, svijetla majska zoro Oh, Bright Dawn of May Montenegro() on the European continent()  —  [] Capital (and largest city) Podgorica Official languages Serbian (Ijekavian dialect)1 Demonym Montenegrin Government Republic  -  President Filip Vujanović  -  Prime Minister Željko Å turanović Independence due to the dissolution of Serbia and Montenegro   -  Declared June 3, 2006... In British nationality law, the term British subject has at different times had different meanings. ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Anti-German sentiment should not be confused with Anti-German (ideology),also called Anti-German. ... Anglicized refers to foreign words, often surnames, that are changed from a foreign language into English. ... Mountbatten is the family name adopted by two branches of the Battenberg family due to rising anti-German sentiment among the British public during World War I. On 14 July 1917, Prince Louis of Battenberg assumed the surname Mountbatten (a literal translation of the German Battenberg) for himself and his... For other uses, see Peerage (disambiguation). ... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ...

Titles from birth to death

• Countess Julia von Hauke (November 12, 1825 (O.S.)/November 24, 1825 (N.S.)–1851)
• Her Illustrious Highness Countess Julia of Battenberg (1851–1858)
• Her Serene Highness Princess Julia of Battenberg (1858–September 19, 1895)