Julian Hedworth George Byng

Field Marshal Julian Hedworth George Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy, GCB, GCMG, MVO (11 September 1862–6 June 1935) was a career British Army officer who served with distinction during World War I with the British Expeditionary Force in France, in the Battle of Gallipoli of the Dardanelles campaign, as commander of the Canadian Corps, and as commander of the British Third Army. Image File history File links Lord-byng. ... Image File history File links Lord-byng. ... Military Badge of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725. ... On the Orders insignia, St Michael is often depicted subduing Satan. ... Victoria founded the Royal Victorian Order. ... September 11 is the 254th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (255th in leap years). ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... June 6 is the 157th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (158th in leap years), with 208 days remaining. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. ... Combatants Allied Powers: France Italy Russia Serbia United Kingdom United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire Commanders Ferdinand Foch Georges Clemenceau Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Wilhelm II Paul von Hindenburg Reinhard... The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) was the British army sent to France and Belgium in World War I and British Forces in Europe from 1939 - 1940 during World War II. The BEF was established by Secretary of State for War Richard Haldane following the Second Boer War in case the... Combatants British Empire Australia India Newfoundland New Zealand United Kingdom France Turkey (Ottoman Empire) Commanders Sir Ian Hamilton Otto von Sanders Mustafa Kemal Strength 5 divisions (initial) 14 divisions (final) 6 divisions The Battle of Gallipoli (sometimes referred to as the first D-Day) took place on the Turkish peninsula... Map of the Dardanelles The Dardanelles (Turkish: Çanakkale BoÄŸazı, Greek: Δαρδανελλια), formerly known as the Hellespont, is a narrow strait in northwestern Turkey connecting the Aegean Sea with the Sea of Marmara. ... The Canadian Corps was a World War I Canadas soldiers in September of 1915 after the arrival of the 2nd Canadian Division in France. ... The British Third Army was a British Army unit. ...

Lord Byng later became the twelfth Governor General of Canada. His actions in the King-Byng Affair earned widespread condemnation. The Canadian Government's eventual response to his actions led to a marked restriction and redefinition of the role of Governor General in constitutional matters for Canada and for the other dominions of the British Empire. The Governor General of Canada (French: Gouverneure générale du Canada or Gouverneur général du Canada) is the representative of the Canadian Monarch. ... Mackenzie King requested a dissolution of Parliament The King-Byng Affair was a 1926 Canadian constitutional crisis that occurred when the Governor General of Canada, Lord Byng of Vimy, refused a request by the Prime Minister, William Lyon Mackenzie King, to dissolve parliament and call a general election. ... A dominion, often Dominion, is the territory or the authority of a dominus (a lord or master). ... The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ...

Early life

Julian Byng was born at Wrotham Park, Barnet, the youngest son of George Byng, 2nd Earl of Strafford and his second wife, Harriet (a daughter of the 1st Baron Chesham). The naval commander and statesman George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington was his great-great-great-grandfather. He studied at Eton College, and then began a military career in which he saw service in India and the Sudan, and in South Africa during the Second Boer War. During this campaign, he asked Marie Evelyn Moreton, the only daughter of Sir Richard Charles Moreton, comptroller at Rideau Hall during the term of office of the Marquess of Lorne, to marry him. He was so anxious to receive an answer that he asked her to send her reply by cable. Byng framed her answer, "Yes, please return immediately", and kept it on his desk for the rest of his life. They were married on 30 April 1902, but had no children. High Barnet or Chipping Barnet is a place in the London Borough of Barnet. ... Charles Compton Cavendish, 1st Baron Chesham (August 28, 1793-November 12, 1863), was a British Liberal politician. ... The Right Honourable George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington (1668) - (Jan. ... The Kings College of Our Lady of Eton beside Windsor, commonly known as Eton College or just Eton, is a prestigious and internationally known Public School for boys. ... |conflict=Second Boer War |partof=the Boer Wars |image= |caption=Boer guerillas during the Second Boer War |date=1899 – 1902 |place=South Africa |result=British Pyrrhic victory |casus=Jameson Raid |territory=Treaty of Vereeniging |combatant1= United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand |combatant2= Orange Free State, South African Republic |commander1=Frederick... Marie Evelyn Moreton, (1870–1949) also known as Lady Byng, was the wife of Lord Byng, the twelfth Governor General of Canada. ... Rideau Hall is the official residence of the Governor General of Canada, and is the place of residence of the Monarch of Canada when visiting Ottawa. ... John George Edward Henry Douglas Sutherland Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll, usually better known by his courtesy title of Marquess of Lorne, by which he was known before 1900 (August 6, 1845 - May 2, 1914) was Governor General of Canada. ... April 30 is the 120th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (121st in leap years), with 245 days remaining. ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

World War I

When the First World War began, Byng campaigned in France with the British Expeditionary Force as commander of the Cavalry Corps, which included the Canadian Cavalry Brigade. Later he commanded the British 9th Army Corps in the ill-fated Dardanelles Campaign and supervised the British withdrawal from the straits. Combatants Allied Powers: France Italy Russia Serbia United Kingdom United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire Commanders Ferdinand Foch Georges Clemenceau Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Wilhelm II Paul von Hindenburg Reinhard... The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) was the British army sent to France and Belgium in World War I and British Forces in Europe from 1939 - 1940 during World War II. The BEF was established by Secretary of State for War Richard Haldane following the Second Boer War in case the... Map of the Dardanelles The Dardanelles (Turkish: Çanakkale Boğazı, Greek: Δαρδανελλια), formerly known as the Hellespont, is a narrow strait in northwestern Turkey connecting the Aegean Sea with the Sea of Marmara. ...

In 1916 Byng took command of the Canadian Army Corps on the Western Front. With his subordinate General Arthur Currie, he gained his greatest glory with the Canadian victory at the Battle of Vimy Ridge in April 1917, an historic military victory for Canada that inspired nationalism at home. Following this victory, Byng took command of the British Third Army, where he conducted the first surprise attack using tanks at Cambrai, considered a turning point in the war. For these services he was promoted to the rank of general, and after the war was raised to the peerage as 1st Baron Byng of Vimy and Thorpe-le-Soken, in Essex, on 7 October 1919. My name is heather and i live in spaghetti, i eat it all day and my face gets gray..... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Combatants Belgium, British Empire, France, United States, other Western Allies of WWI Germany Commanders No unified command until 1918, then General Ferdinand Foch Kaiser Wilhelm II Casualties ~4,800,000 Unknown though considerably higher Following the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the German army opened the Western... General Sir Arthur William Currie General Sir Arthur William Currie, GCMG , KCB (December 5, 1875 – November 30, 1933) was the first Canadian commander of the Canadian Expeditionary Force (a corps of four divisions) on the Western Front during World War I. Currie was among the most successful generals of the... Combatants Allies Central Powers Commanders Julian Byng Arthur Currie Ludwig von Falkenhausen Strength 30,000 Unknown Casualties 3,598 dead 7,104 wounded 20,000 The Battle of Vimy Ridge was one of the opening battles in a larger British campaign known as the Battle of Arras. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... The British Third Army was a British Army unit. ... Combatants United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Newfoundland German Empire Commanders Julian Byng Georg von der Marwitz Strength 2 Corps 1 Corps Casualties 45,000 killed 9,000 prisoners 100 tanks destroyed 45,000 killed 11,000 prisoners The Battle of Cambrai (November 20 - December 3, 1917) was a... A General is an officer of high military rank. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... This article is about the county of Essex in England. ... October 7 is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Byng as Governor General

Lord Byng was appointed Governor General of Canada on 2 August 1921. He was very popular in Canada, and during his travels across the country throughout his term of office he was enthusiastically greeted by the men he had led in wartime. His appointment was far less controversial than that of his predecessor, the Duke of Devonshire. This was partly due to his popularity, but also because he was appointed following direct consultation with the Canadian government. A Governor-General (in Canada, Governor General) is most generally a governor of high rank, or a principal governor ranking above ordinary governors [1]. The most common contemporary usage of the term is to refer to the royally-appointed territorial governor of a region, or royal representative in a country... August 2 is the 214th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (215th in leap years), with 151 days remaining. ... 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Duke of Devonshire As Governor General The Most Noble Victor Christian William Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire (London May 31, 1868–May 6, 1938 Chatsworth House), was a Liberal Unionist Member of Parliament for West Derbyshire (1891-1908), Governor General of Canada (1916-1921), and Colonial Secretary (1922-1924). ...

Lord Byng took to the office enthusiastically, further entrenching many of the traditions established by his predecessors. He also broke with tradition and was the first Governor General to appoint Canadian aides-de-camp. One of them was Georges Vanier, who later served as Governor General from 1959 to 1967. Georges-Philéas Vanier (April 23, 1888 - March 5, 1967) was a Canadian solider and diplomat who was Governor General of Canada from 1959 until his death. ... 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ...

He was always passionate about sport, and both he and his wife particularly loved ice hockey; Lord Byng rarely missed a game played by the Ottawa Senators. In 1925, Lady Byng presented the Lady Byng Memorial Trophy to the National Hockey League, which, to this day, recognizes sportsmanship and excellence in play. Ice hockey, known simply as hockey in areas where it is more common than field hockey, is a team sport played on ice. ... This article discusses the original Ottawa Senators franchise. ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Lady Byng Memorial Trophy, formerly known as the Lady Byng Trophy, is presented each year to the National Hockey League hockey player voted to have shown the best sportsmanship and gentlemanly conduct combined with performance in play. ... NHL redirects here. ...

Lord and Lady Byng also travelled more than any of their predecessors, making extended trips to western Canada and the North, taking the opportunity to meet with many Canadians. Lord Byng established the Governor General's Cup at the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair in Toronto, and Lady Byng created a rock garden at Rideau Hall, which still delights visitors today. The Royal Agricultural Winter Fair is an annual fall fair in Toronto. ... Rideau Hall is the official residence of the Governor General of Canada, and is the place of residence of the Monarch of Canada when visiting Ottawa. ...

The King-Byng Affair

Main article: King-Byng Affair

The most notable issue during Lord Byng's term of office was the "King-Byng Affair," a political crisis that arose between the Governor General and Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King. It was watched closely by both the Canadian and British governments, and led directly to the redefinition of the role of Governor General, the Balfour Declaration 1926, and the Statute of Westminster 1931. Mackenzie King requested a dissolution of Parliament The King-Byng Affair was a 1926 Canadian constitutional crisis that occurred when the Governor General of Canada, Lord Byng of Vimy, refused a request by the Prime Minister, William Lyon Mackenzie King, to dissolve parliament and call a general election. ... William Lyon Mackenzie King, OM, PC, LL.B, Ph. ... The Balfour Declaration of 1926 is a report of the October-November 1926 Imperial Conference of British Empire leaders in London. ... The Statute of Westminster 1931 was the enactment of the United Kingdom Parliament (December 11, 1931) which established a status of legislative equality between the self-governing dominions of the British Empire and the United Kingdom. ...

Life After Rideau Hall

Following his term as Governor General, Lord and Lady Byng returned to England, where he was created 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy at the end of 1926. He served as Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police and was promoted to the rank of Field Marshal, finally retiring with his wife to Essex, England. Lord Byng died at Thorpe Hall, Thorpe-le-Soken in 1935 and Lady Byng returned to Canada during World War II to live with friends. She died in 1949. A viscount is a member of the European nobility whose comital title ranks usually, as in the British peerage, above a baron, below an earl (in Britain) or a count (his continental equivalent). ... 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis (usually just referred to as the Metropolitan Police Commissioner) is the head of the Metropolitan Police Service in London. ... Note: This article is about the military usage of the word marshal. For other usages, see the end of this article. ... Thorpe-le-Soken is a village in Essex, located southwest of Walton-on-the-Naze and northwest of Clacton-on-Sea. ... Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ...

See also

• Earl of Strafford (1847 creation)
• Viscount Torrington

The title of Earl of Strafford has been created several times in British history. ... Viscount Torrington is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. ...

External links

• Governors General of Canada
• First World War

The Duke of Devonshire As Governor General The Most Noble Victor Christian William Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire (London May 31, 1868–May 6, 1938 Chatsworth House), was a Liberal Unionist Member of Parliament for West Derbyshire (1891-1908), Governor General of Canada (1916-1921), and Colonial Secretary (1922-1924). ... The Governor General of Canada (French: Gouverneure générale du Canada or Gouverneur général du Canada) is the representative of the Canadian Monarch. ... The Right Honourable George Freeman Thomas, PC later Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon of Ratton (September 12, 1866 - August 12, 1941) was a British Liberal politician who served as Governor General of Canada and Viceroy of India. ... Brigadier-General Sir William Thomas Francis Horwood GBE KCB DSO (9 November 1868–16 November 1943) served as Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, head of Londons Metropolitan Police, from 1920 to 1928. ... The Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis (usually just referred to as the Metropolitan Police Commissioner or, more colloquially, as the Met Commissioner) is the head of the Metropolitan Police Service in London. ... Bust depicting Marshal of the Royal Air Force the Viscount Trenchard Marshal of the Royal Air Force Hugh Montague Trenchard, 1st Viscount Trenchard (February 3, 1873 - February 10, 1956) was the British Chief of the Air Staff during World War I, and was instrumental in establishing the Royal Air Force... The Peerage of the United Kingdom comprises most peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Act of Union in 1801. ... Julian Hedworth George Byng, 1st Viscount Byng of Vimy (September 11, 1862 - June 6, 1935) was commander of the Canadian army in World War I, and later became Governor General of Canada. ...

	Governors General of Canada
Monck | Lisgar | Dufferin | Lorne | Lansdowne | Stanley | Aberdeen | Minto | Grey | Connaught | Devonshire | Byng | Willingdon | Bessborough | Tweedsmuir | Athlone | Alexander | Massey | Vanier | Michener | Léger | Schreyer | Sauvé | Hnatyshyn | LeBlanc | Clarkson | Jean