Junkers was a major German aircraft manufacturer. It produced some of the world's most innovative and well known airplanes over the course of its fifty-plus year history in Dessau, Germany. Junkers company logo This is a copyrighted and/or trademarked logo. ... An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, and/or spacecraft. ... Dessau is a town in Germany on the junction of the rivers Mulde and Elbe, in the Bundesland (Federal State) of Saxony-Anhalt. ...

WWI

The history of Junkers aircraft production begins with the Junkers J1. Research for this aircraft began in 1914 and was interrupted by the start of the First World War. The prototype aircraft was completed in 1915 after the outbreak of the war. This aircraft is significant in that it was the first airplane to utilize an all-metal fuselage design. Contemporary aircraft were built around wooden frames constructed in a rib-and-stringer fashion, reinforced with wires, and covered with a stretched fabric. The J1 was a semi-monocoque design, using steel ribs and sheeting that formed both the stringers and the skin. At the time aluminum was still fairly expensive, so the J1 was made of sheet steel. It was quite heavy as a result, which translated into poor climb and maneuverability, yet its clean monoplane layout had very low drag, and the J1 was one of the fastest planes of its day reaching speeds of 170km/hr. 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Monocoque (French for single shell) or unibody is a construction technique that uses the external skin of an object to support some or most of the load on the structure. ... Aluminum is a soft and lightweight metal with a dull silvery appearance, due to a thin layer of oxidation that forms quickly when it is exposed to air. ... A monoplane is an aircraft with one main set of wing surfaces, in contrast to a biplane or triplane. ...

Following the J-1, a series of "J-designated" aircraft followed, each advancing the state of the art in terms of strength and weight, but no single design progressing much beyond the prototype stage in terms of production potential. The J2 was an extensively "cleaned up" J1, while the J3 was to replace the steel sheeting with corrugated duralumin. IDFLIEG, in charge of aircraft evaluation, was unconvinced of the monoplane layout of these designs, and ordered a biplane version as the J4. Junkers took this opportunity to produce the entire aircraft of corrugated duralumin (except for some fabric on the rear fuselage) in order to lower weight. The J4 became Junkers' first design to enter production, with orders totalling 283, of which about 184 were delivered to operational units. Confusingly, these were referred to as the J1 in service. Duralumin (also called duraluminum, duraluminium or dural) is the name of one of the earliest types of age-hardenable aluminium alloys. ...

Junkers continued to believe in the monoplane layout, and continued the J-series with a number of newer monoplane designs. One of the most successful was the J7, which was later stretched to form the two-seat J8. The J8 is the first cantilever monoplane design, and looked extremely "modern" when compared to contemporary wire-braced biplane designs. The J8 was put into limited production by Fokker as the J10, a small number of which saw service on the Eastern Front just before the war ended. Fokker 100 of British Midland Airways For the physicist and musician, see Adriaan Fokker. ...

The corrugated duralumin wing and fuselage "skin" introduced in the J-series became a trademark of Junkers aircraft built in the 1920s and 30s. Development continued during the course of World War I, including a growing partnership with Fokker. Several Junkers designs were licensed to Fokker during this period. The visual similarity of Junkers and Fokker aircraft during the next decade is attributable to this early affiliation. The Great War ended with German Navy trials of model J11 which was an all metal floatplane prototype. Combatants Allied Powers: British Empire France Italy Russia United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Germany Ottoman Empire Commanders Ferdinand Foch Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Wilhelm II Paul...

Interbellum

In the immediate post-war era, Junkers used their J8 layout as the basis for the F-13, first flown on 25 June 1919 and certified airworthy in July of the same year. This four passenger monoplane was the world's first all-metal airliner. Of note, in addition to significant European sales, some twenty-five of these airplanes were delivered to North American customers under the Junkers-Larsen affiliate and were used primarily as airmail planes. June 25 is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 189 days remaining. ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

The Treaty of Versailles signed only days after the F-13 flew, initially forbade any aircraft construction in Germany for several months. After that span of time only the design of civilian aircraft was permitted to Germany. Junkers developed a series of progressively larger civil aircraft including the single engined G.24 and three engined G.31. Neither aircraft was a commercial success. With the expiration treaty restrictions in 1926, Junkers introduced the Junkers W33 and Junkers W34 series which did find significant commercial success via large production orders in passenger, freight hauling, and, somewhat later, military configurations. The W-33/W-34 series also set multiple aviation "firsts" including records for flight duration, flight distance, altitude, rocket assisted take-off and inflight refueling between 1926 and 1930. The Treaty of Versailles (3010) was the peace treaty which officially ended World War I between the Allied and Central Powers and the German Empire. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ...

Junkers' produced a design study in 1924 for a visit to the United States. The study outlined a four engined 80 passenger seaplane, incorporating a forward canard wing as well as a main wing both of which were fitted above twin catamaran hulls. Passenger seating was to be provided both in the main wing and the hull sections of the craft. This Junkers design, including a scale model, was intended to illustrate an aircraft capable of trans-Atlantic operations of 8 to 10 hours and was completely revolutionary for its day.

The basic principles outlined in this design were later introduced in the Junkers G.38, which was introduced and put into regular service by Lufthansa. At the time of its introduction, this four engined transport was the largest landplane in the world carrying thirty-four passengers and seven crew members. The G.38 sat some of its passengers in the wing area outboard of the fuselage, the front of which was covered with windows. Junkers G 38 The Junkers G.38 was a large German 4 engined transport airplane which first flew in 1929. ... Deutsche Lufthansa AG (pronounced ) is the largest German airline, and the second-largest in Europe (behind Air France-KLM, but before British Airways). ...

Financial Troubles

Around 1931 the company suffered from a series of financial difficulties that led to the collapse of the group of companies. The existing shareholders pressured Hugo to leave the company. Hugo, however, was the patent holder on a wide variety of the technologies used in most of the existing Junkers designs, including many of their engines.

A plan was started to solve both problems by "buying out" Hugo's engine patent portfolio and placing it into the hands of a new company, the Junkers Motoren-Patentstelle GmbH, which was eventually formed in November 1932.^[1] The new company would then license the technologies back to the various companies, most notably what was then Junkers Motorenbau (one of many "Jumo" companies). However, before Junkers actually transfered his patents to the Patentstelle, the collapse of the Junkers consortium was solved by the sale of the Junkers Thermo Technik GmbH to Robert Bosch. Robert Bosch at the age of 27 Robert Bosch (September 23, 1861 - March 12, 1942), German industrialist and philanthropist, born in Albeck near Ulm as the 11th child of Servatius and Margarete Bosch, themselves children of wealthy farmers. ...

Nazi takeover

Unfortunately for Junkers, both the company and the man, the Nazi party came to power in Germany in 1933 and all German aviation development was shifted away from long-range civil aircraft types. Junkers, who had pioneered commercial aviation development for at least a decade, was relegated to relatively small one- and two-engined military design competitions issued by the RLM (Reichsluftfahrtministerium - "Reich Aviation Ministry"). Two exceptions to this were the legendary Ju 52 and the Ju 90. The National Socialist German Workers Party (German: , or NSDAP), generally known in English as the Nazi Party, was a political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945. ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Junkers Ju 52 nicknamed Tante Ju (Auntie Ju) and Iron Annie was a civilian airliner and military transport aircraft and bomber manufactured between 1932 and 1945 by Junkers. ... The Junkers Ju 90 was an airliner developed for Lufthansa shortly before World War II. It was based on the Junkers Ju 89 bomber, which did not progress beyond prototype stage. ...

Ju 52 development started in 1928 as a single engined commercial transport and evolved, initially to a two-engined, and later into the classic "trimotor" design for which the Tante Ju became world famous. The Ju 52 was a bona fide commercial success, with over 400 airplanes delivered to various airlines around the world prior to the outbreak of World War II, including the countries of: Finland, Sweden, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Ecuador, Peru, Mexico, South Africa, Denmark, Norway, Italy, UK, Belgium, Hungary, Estonia, Greece, Spain, and of course, Germany. Amazingly, and in tribute to its rugged design, both Spain and France resumed Ju 52 production after cessation of the Second World War. Combatants Major Allied powers: United Kingdom Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Major Axis powers: Nazi Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Harry Truman Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ...

With the introduction of the Junkers Ju 86 bomber of 1934, Junkers abandoned the corrugated sheeting of his earlier designs. The basic layout was used in the four-engine Junkers Ju 89 heavy bomber, but this program ended with the death of Walter Weaver, and his Ural bomber program along with him. Junkers then adapted the Ju 89 to passenger use, introducing the Junkers Ju 90, one of the first planes specifically designed for scheduled trans-Atlantic flights to the US. Developed in 1937, the aircraft suffered multiple setbacks with crashes of prototypes in 1937 and 1938. Further refinements enabled certificaiton in 1939 and spurred South African Airways to make an initial order for two aircraft fitted with US-built Pratt & Whitney engines. Just as the aircraft was being readied for its first commercial flights, World War II began. With the outbreak of hostilities, all models were requisitioned by the Luftwaffe for military air transport roles, and later, long-range maritime patrol. The Junkers Ju 86 was a German monoplane bomber and civilian airliner designed in the early 1930s by Junkers. ... The Junkers Ju 89 was a heavy bomber aircraft designed for the Luftwaffe prior to World War II. Two prototypes were constructed, but the project was abandoned without the aircraft entering production. ... The B-52 Stratofortress, a heavy bomber. ... The Junkers Ju 90 was an airliner developed for Lufthansa shortly before World War II. It was based on the Junkers Ju 89 bomber, which did not progress beyond prototype stage. ... For the similarly named rock band, see TransAtlantic. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... South African Airways (SAA), using South African on their aircraft livery, is South Africas largest domestic and international airline company. ... This article is about the U.S. company Pratt & Whitney. ... The Deutsche Luftwaffe or   (German: air force, literally Air Weapon, IPA: ) is the commonly used term for the German air force. ...

World War II

When Hugo Junkers died in 1935, the Nazi party took the opportunity to "nationalize" the company. Hugo Junkers Hugo Junkers (3 February 1859 - 3 February 1935) was an innovative German engineer, as his many patents in varied areas (gas engines, aeroplanes) show. ...

Military aircraft production was begun by Junkers in the 1930s and eventually monopolized all Junkers resources. Perhaps the most notable design was the Junkers Ju 87 Stuka dive bomber, one of the Luftwaffe's most effective aerial weapons and was continuously used for bombing attacks as an integral part of the Blitzkrieg strategy. The Stuka was used for both precision tactical bombing and the strafing of enemy positions, acting as a sort of "airborne artillery" that was able to keep up with the fast-moving tanks and attack defended points long before traditional artillery could be brought into range. Later in the war it was fitted with a large cannon and employed in a "tank busting" role against Soviet armour. It gained much notoriety for its use at both Dunkirk and later Stalingrad, where it caused enormous destruction under Field Marshal Wolfram von Richthofen's VIII Air Corps. Junkers Ju 87 Dive-Bombers The Junkers Ju 87 or Stuka was the best known Sturzkampfflugzeug (German dive bomber) in World War II, instantly recognisable by its inverted gull wings, fixed undercarriage and siren. ... A dive bomber is a bomber aircraft that dives directly at its targets in order to provide greater accuracy. ... One of the defining characteristics of what is commonly known as Blitzkrieg is close co-operation between infantry and tanks. ... Historically, artillery (from French artillerie) refers to any engine used for the discharge of projectiles during war. ... Carnival in Dunkirk. ... Stalingrad is the former name of two cities: Volgograd, Russia Karviná-Nové Město, near Ostrava, Czech Republic Other uses: The Battle of Stalingrad (a major turning-point of World War II and arguably the bloodiest battle in human history) Stalingrad (German film set during the above battle) Stalingrad... Note: This article is about the military usage of the word marshal. For other usages, see the end of this article. ... Wolfram von Richthofen was a distant cousin of the late Manfred von Richthofen and one of only a few select officers in the Luftwaffe to have attained the highest rank of Generalfeldmarschall. ...

Perhaps even more successful was the Junkers Ju 88, the primary light bomber of the German forces. It was used in practically every role imaginable; level bomber, shallow-angle dive bomber, night fighter and bomber destroyer and in anti-shipping raids. A variety of improved versions were also produced over the course of the war, including the Ju 188 and Ju 388 which included numerous features for better performance, but never replaced the Ju 88 outright. A much more formidable aircraft was also planned, the Junkers Ju 288, but the required high-power engines never worked and the effort was eventually abandoned. The Junkers Ju 88 was a WW2 Luftwaffe twin-engine multi-role aircraft. ... A light bomber is a military bomber aircraft which, when compared to other bombers, is relatively small and fast; such aircraft will probably not carry more than one ton of ordnance. ... A night fighter is a fighter aircraft adapted for use at night, or in other times of bad visibility. ... A bomber destroyer is a former type of fighter aircraft dedicated to destroying enemy bomber aircraft. ... The Ju 188 Rächer (Avenger) was a high-performance medium bomber from Junkers, the planned follow-on to the famed Ju 88 with better performance and payload. ... This aircraft article has not been updated to WikiProject Aircrafts current standards. ... The Junkers Ju 288 was a German bomber aircraft designed during World War II, but which only ever flew in prototype form. ...

The wide availability of Ju 52s enabled their immediate utilization for the German war effort as a transport aircraft for delivering men and supplies. They were additionally used, with minor modification, to carry out bombing raids. Prior to WWII, the Ju 52 was utilized in the Spanish Civil War, where it took part in the Condor Legion's destructive raids on Durango and Guernica in 1937 which illustrated to the world - for the first time - the destructive potential and horror of strategic bombing. Unfortunately for its pilots and military passengers, by the outbreak of WWII, the Ju 52 was a thoroughly obsolete military design and unlike many other famous Luftwaffe aircraft, the Tante Ju was cumbersome, slow and therefore vulnerable to attack. This resulted in many losses, namely at Crete and Stalingrad. Combatants Spanish Republic CNT-FAI UGT POUM Soviet Union International Brigades Spanish State Falangists Carlists Fascist Italy Nazi Germany Commanders Manuel Azaña Francisco Largo Caballero Juan Negrín Francisco Franco Casualties Civilians killed/wounded = hundreds of thousands The Spanish Civil War, which lasted from July 17, 1936 to April... Hermann Göring delivering an honour (likely to be the Spanienkreuz, Spanish Cross) to a member of the Legion Condor (April 1939) The Condor Legion was a unit of Nazi Germanys air force which was sent as volunteers to support the right wing Nationalists (i. ... Location of Durango in Biscay. ... Guernica or Guernica y Lumo (Basque Gernika-Lumo, pronounced in IPA [gernika]) is a small city in the Spanish Basque Country that was the meeting place of the Biscayne assembly under an oak tree, the Gernikako Arbola, which was a symbol of traditional freedoms of the Basque people. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Deutsche Luftwaffe or   (German: air force, literally Air Weapon, IPA: ) is the commonly used term for the German air force. ... For the famous World War II battle, see: Battle of Crete For other uses, see Crete (disambiguation). ... Stalingrad is the former name of two cities: Volgograd, Russia Karviná-Nové Město, near Ostrava, Czech Republic Other uses: The Battle of Stalingrad (a major turning-point of World War II and arguably the bloodiest battle in human history) Stalingrad (German film set during the above battle) Stalingrad...

Junkers also ran an engine factory, and in 1923 they separated it from the parent to form its own company, Junkers Motoren, or Jumo. This company expanded greatly in the 1920s and 30s, with factories spread across Germany. Jumo was the first German company to offer a truly modern engine suitable for aviation in the form of the 650hp Jumo 210. But with the rapid advances in airframes, after a few short years this engine was considered to be underpowered causing Jumo to respond with the much larger Jumo 211. Perhaps unsurprisingly the 211 saw widespread use in Junkers bombers, but was little used otherwise, due largely to the better power output of the competing Daimler-Benz DB 601. Further development of the 211 led to the superb Jumo 213, which was in high demand for practically every late-war piston-engined aircraft. Their Jumo 004 jet engine was the first to be considered production quality and used in the then revolutionary Me 262 jet fighter. For the Prussian/German landowning classes, see junker. The name Junkers (IPA: /ˈjunkeɺs/) is well known in connection with aircraft, which were produced under this name for the Luftwaffe during World War II. In particular the Ju 87 Stuka and Ju 52 Tante Ju were common symbols... Jumo 210 The Jumo 210 was Junkers Motorens first production gasoline aircraft engine, produced just before the start of World War II. It produced about 650hp in common versions, and can be considered a counterpart of the Rolls-Royce Kestrel in many ways. ... The Jumo 211 was an inverted V-12 aircraft engine, Junkers Motorens primary aircraft engine of World War II. It was the direct competitor to the famous Daimler-Benz DB 601 and closely paralleled its development. ... The Daimler-Benz DB 601 was a German aircraft engine built during World War II. It was a liquid-cooled inverted V12, and powered the Messerschmitt Bf 109, among others. ... Junkers Jumo 213 The Jumo 213 was a World War II-era V-12 liquid cooled aircraft engine, a development of Junkers Motorens earlier design, the Jumo 211. ... The Jumo 004 was the worlds first turbojet engine in production and operational use. ... A Pratt and Whitney turbofan engine for the F-15 Eagle is tested at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, USA. The tunnel behind the engine muffles noise and allows exhaust to escape. ... ...

The Junkers company survived the Second World War and was reconstituted as Junkers GmbH and was eventually merged into the MBB consortium. Within West Germany, Junkers GmbH was engaged in research on the future of aerospace transportation during the fifties and early-1960s. During this time period, Junkers employed the famous Austrian engineer and space travel theorist, Eugen Sänger, who in 1961 completed work for the design of an advanced orbital spacecraft at Junkers. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ... Eugen Sänger (September 22, 1905 - February 10, 1964) was an Austrian aerospace engineer best known for his contributions to lifting body and ramjet technology. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ...

Junkers aircraft included:

• Junkers J1, 1915
• Junkers J2, 1916
• Junkers F13, passenger plane, 1919
• Junkers A50, sportsplane, 1929
• Junkers G24
• Junkers G.38, four-engined commercial transport, world's largest landplane when built, 1929
• Junkers W33, single-engined light transport, 1926

Junkers W33

• Junkers W34, single-engine light transport+reconnaissance (development of W33), 1933
• Junkers Ju 52 Tante Ju (Auntie Ju), passenger airliner and freighter, used as transport + bomber during WWII
• Junkers Ef 61, high-altitude fighter + reconnaissance (prototype)
• Junkers Ju 86, bomber + reconnaissance
• Junkers Ju 87 Stuka, dive-bomber
• Junkers Ju 88, bomber + reconnaissance + night-fighter
• Junkers Ju 89, civil aircraft, heavy bomber (prototype)
• Junkers Ju 90, civil aircraft, transport
• Junkers Ju 188, Rächer (Raecher), bomber
• Junkers Ju 248, re-designation of Me 263
• Junkers Ju 252, transport
• Junkers Ju 287, heavy bomber (jet-engined) (prototype)
• Junkers Ju 288, bomber (prototype)
• Junkers Ju 290, transport, patrol
• Junkers Ju 322 Mammut, transport glider (prototype), 1941)
• Junkers Ju 352 Herkules (Hercules), transport
• Junkers Ju 388 Störtebeker, reconnaissance + night-fighter
• Junkers Ju 390, long-range bomber (Amerika Bomber prototype)
• Junkers Ju 488, heavy bomber design
• Junkers EF 132, heavy bomber

The Junkers F.13 (also known as the F 13, and developed under an engineering designation of J 13), was an all-metal transport German aircraft that first flew on June 25, 1919. ... Junkers A50 was a German sports plane of 1930s, also called A50 Junior. ... Junkers G 38 The Junkers G.38 was a large German 4 engined transport airplane which first flew in 1929. ... The Junkers Ju 52 nicknamed Tante Ju (Auntie Ju) and Iron Annie was a civilian airliner and military transport aircraft and bomber manufactured between 1932 and 1945 by Junkers. ... The Junkers EF 61 airplane was based on the Junkers Ju 49, and was one of the few German high-altitude bomber and reconnaissance projects before the World War II. The project started in September 1935 and the maiden flight took place on March 4th 1937, but in September the... The Junkers Ju 86 was a German monoplane bomber and civilian airliner designed in the early 1930s by Junkers. ... Junkers Ju 87 Dive-Bombers The Junkers Ju 87 or Stuka was the best known Sturzkampfflugzeug (German dive bomber) in World War II, instantly recognisable by its inverted gull wings, fixed undercarriage and siren. ... The Junkers Ju 88 was a WW2 Luftwaffe twin-engine multi-role aircraft. ... The Junkers Ju 89 was a heavy bomber aircraft designed for the Luftwaffe prior to World War II. Two prototypes were constructed, but the project was abandoned without the aircraft entering production. ... The Junkers Ju 90 was an airliner developed for Lufthansa shortly before World War II. It was based on the Junkers Ju 89 bomber, which did not progress beyond prototype stage. ... The Ju 188 Rächer (Avenger) was a high-performance medium bomber from Junkers, the planned follow-on to the famed Ju 88 with better performance and payload. ... The Messerschmitt Me 263 was a rocket-powered fighter aircraft developed from the Messerschmitt Me 163 towards the end of World War II. Only two airframes were ever completed, and the type seems never to have actually flown under power. ... Junkers Ju 252 was a transport plane manufactured by Junkers. ... The Junkers Ju 287 was a flying testbed built to develop the technology required for a multi-engined jet bomber aircraft. ... The Junkers Ju 288 was a German bomber aircraft designed during World War II, but which only ever flew in prototype form. ... The Junkers Ju 290 was a long-range transport, maritime patrol aircraft and bomber used by the Luftwaffe late in World War II. The Ju-290 was the only four-engined heavy-duty aircraft used by the Luftwaffe in World War II and was the forerunner of the subsequent transatlantic... Type: Transport Origin:Junkers Flugzeug und Motorenwerke AG Models: A First Flight: November 1943 Service Delivery: N/A Final Delivery: N/A Engine: Three BMW-Bramo 323R-2 Horsepower: 1,000hp (1,200 with 96-Octane fuel) Fuel: Capacity: N/A Type: N/A Dimensions: Wing span: 34. ... This aircraft article has not been updated to WikiProject Aircrafts current standards. ... The Junkers Ju 390 was a long-range derivative of the Junkers Ju 290 and was intended to be used as a heavy transport, maritime patrol aircraft, and bomber. ... This page may meet Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... The EF 132 was a planned jet bomber, under development for the Luftwaffe during World War II. It was the last aircraft project development undertaken by Junkers during the war, and was the culmination of the Junkers Ju 287 design started in 1942. ...

Jumo engines included:

• Junkers Jumo 205
• Junkers Jumo 210
• Junkers Jumo 211
• Junkers Jumo 213
• Junkers Jumo 222

• Junkers Jumo 004

References

1. ^ [1]

External links

• www.junkers.de - Official Junkers Page
• www.junkers.de.vu