Justinian II, known as Rhinotmetus (the Split-nosed) (669-711) was a Byzantine emperor of the Heraclian Dynasty, reigned from 685 to 695 and again from 704 to 711. He succeeded his father, Constantine IV, at the age of sixteen. Events Theodore appointed Archibishop of Canterbury Births Justinian II, Byzantine emperor Deaths Hasan ibn Ali, grandson of Muhammad and second Shia Imam Categories: 669 ... See also: phone number 711. ... This is a list of Byzantine Emperors. ... Events Umayyad caliph Marwan I (684-685) succeeded by Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (685-705) Justinian II succeeds Constantine IV as emperor of the Byzantine Empire Sussex attacks Kent, supporting Eadrics claim to the throne held by Hlothhere Pope Benedict II succeeded by Pope John V Cuthbert consecrated... Events People of Byzantium revolt against Justinian II. Leontius II made emperor, Justinian II is banished. ... Events Justinian II re-takes the throne of the Byzantine Empire Cenred succeeds to the throne of Mercia after his uncle Aethelred abdicates to become abbot of Bardney Births Deaths Adamnan, abbot of Iona (b. ... See also: phone number 711. ... Constantine IV on a contemporary coin Constantine IV (649-685) was Byzantine emperor from 668-685. ...

First reign

Due of the Constantine IV's victories, when Justinian became emperor the situation in the Eastern provinces of the Empire was stable. He managed to augment the sum paid by the Caliphs as an annual tribute, and to regain control of part of Cyprus. Also the incomes of the provinces of Armenia and Iberia were divided among the two empires. Constantine IV on a contemporary coin Constantine IV (649-685) was Byzantine emperor from 668-685. ... Caliph is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ... Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the Iberian Peninsula, and to two of the three provinces they created there: Hispania Baetica and Hispania Tarraconensis (the third being Lusitania). ...

Justinian took advantage of the peace in the East to regain possession of the Balkans, then almost totally under the heel of Slavic tribes. In 687 Justinian transferred cavalry troops from Anatolia to Thrace. With a great military campaign, in 688-689 defeated the Bulgars and could finally enter in Thessalonica, the second Greek city for importance. The subdued Slavs were moved to Anatolia, where they were to provide a military force of 30,000 men. The Balkans is the historic and geographic name used to describe southeastern Europe (see the Definitions and boundaries section below). ... The Slavic peoples are the most numerous ethnic and linguistic body of peoples in Europe. ... Events: December 15 - Sergius succeeds Conon as Pope King Theuderic III of Neustria is defeated by Pepin of Herstal, Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia. ... Asia Minor lies east of the Bosporus, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean. ... Thrace (Greek Θρᾴκη ThrákÄ“, Bulgarian Тракия Trakija, Turkish Trakya) is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe spread over southern Bulgaria, northeastern Greece, and European Turkey. ... Events Emperor Justinian II of the Bulgarians. ... Events Battle of Coronate: The army of Cunincpert, king of the Lombards, defeat the followers of the usurper Alahis on the Adda River. ... Bulgars (also Bolgars or proto-Bulgarians) - a people of Central Asia, probably originally Pamirian, who became Turkified and later Slavicized over time. ... The White Tower The Arch of Galerius Map showing the Thessaloníki prefecture Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη) is the second-largest city of Greece and is the principal city and the capital of the Greek region of Macedonia. ...

Justinian also removed from their native Lebanon 12,000 Christian Maronites, a people who had started to fight under the Arabs. This move gave rise to a war against the caliph, who conquered Armenia in 692. Maronites (Marunoye ܐܶܝܢܘܪܡ in Syriac, Mâruniyya مارونية in Arabic) are members of an Eastern Catholic Church in full communion with the Pope of the Roman Church. ... For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation). ... Events The Quinisext Council (also said in Trullo), held in Constantinople, laid the foundation for the Orthodox Canon Law The Arabs conquer Armenia. ...

Meanwhile the bitter dissensions caused in the Church by the emperor's bloody persecution of the Manichaeans, and the rapacity with which (through his creatures Stephanus and Theodatus) he extorted the means of gratifying his sumptuous tastes and his mania for erecting costly buildings, drove his subjects into rebellion. Manichean priests, writing at their desk, with panel inscription in Sogdian. ...

In 695 they rose under Leontius and, after cutting off the emperor's nose (whence his surname), banished him to Cherson in the Crimea. Leontius, after a reign of three years, was in turn dethroned and imprisoned by Tiberius Absimarus, who next assumed the purple. Events People of Byzantium revolt against Justinian II. Leontius II made emperor, Justinian II is banished. ... Leontius Leontius II was Byzantine emperor from 695-698. ... Tauric Chersonesos, Greek Χερσονασος (Chersones, Khersones, Korsun, Russian: Херсонес) was the Greek settlement founded approximately 2500 years ago in the southwestern part of Crimean (Taurian) Peninsula. ... The Crimea /kraɪˈmia/ is a peninsula and an autonomous republic of Ukraine on the northern coast of the Black Sea. ... Tiberius III (d. ...

Exile

Justinian became a liability to Cherson and the authorities decided to return him to Constantinople in 702 or 703. He escaped from Cherson and received help from Ibousiros Gliabanos (Busir Glavan), khagan of the Khazars, who received him enthusiastically and gave him his sister as a bride. Justinian renamed her Theodora. They were given a home in the town of Phanagoria, at the entrance to the sea of Azov. Busir was offered a bribe by Tiberius to kill his brother in law, and dispatched two Khazar officials, Papatzys and Balgitzin, to do the deed. Warned by his wife, Justinian strangled Papatzys and Balgatzin with his own hands. He sailed in a fishing-boat to Cherson, summoned his supporters, and they all sailed westwards across the Black Sea. Busir or Busir Glavan (in Greek, Ibouzir or Ibousiros Gliabanos, Khagan of the Khazars in the late 600s and early 700s CE. In 704 Justinian II, who had been exiled at Chersones for nine years, arrived at Busirs court. ... Khagan, alternatively spelled Chagan, Qaqan etc. ... The site of the Khazar fortress at Sarkel. ... Ancient Greek colony on the penninsula between the Black Sea and the Azov, roughly on the site of modern Tmutarakan. ... In the account of Theophanes, Papatzys was the Khazar tudun of Kerch during the sojourn of Justinian II in Phanagoria. ... In the account of Theophanes, Balgitzin was the Khazar tudun of Phanagoria during the sojourn of Justinian II in that town. ...

Justinian sailed to Terbelis (Terval), khan of the Danube Bulgars (see Bulgaria). Terval agreed to provided all the military assistance necessary for Justinian to regain his throne in exchange for financial considerations, the award of a caesar's crown, and the hand of Justinian's daughter, Eudoxia, in marriage. In Spring, 705, with an army of 15,000 Bulgar horsemen Justinian appeared before the walls of Constantinople. Unable to take the city by force, he and some companions entered through an unused water conduit under the walls of the city, roused their supporters, and seized control of the city in a midnight coup d'etat. Justinian then had his rivals Leontius and Tiberius along with thousands of their partisans executed, and once more ascended the throne. Khan Tervel or Tarvel, or Terbelis in some Byzantine sources, was the khan of the Bulgars from 700 or 701-718. ... Map of Constantinople. ...

Second Reign

Justinian, on the reverse of this coin struck during his second reign, is holding a patriarchal globus with PAX, peace. On the Obverse, Jesus.

His second reign was marked by an unsuccessful war against the Bulgars under Terval, Arab victories in Asia Minor, devastating expeditions sent against his own cities of Ravenna and Cherson where he inflicted horrible punishment upon the disaffected nobles and refugees, and the same cruel rapacity toward his subjects. Justinian met Pope Constantine and the two negotiated a settlement. This would be the last time a Pope visited the city until the visit of Paul VI to Istanbul in 1967. Justinian II. Second Reign, 705-711 AD. AV Solidus (4. ... Justinian II. Second Reign, 705-711 AD. AV Solidus (4. ... Jesus, also known as Jesus of Nazareth or Jesus Christ, is the central figure of Christianity and an important prophet in Islam. ... Ravenna is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. ... Constantinus (d. ... Paul VI, Giovanni Battista Enrica Antonia Maria Montini (September 26, 1897 – August 6, 1978), served as Pope from 1963 to 1978. ... Shows the Location of the Province Ä°stanbul Istanbul (Turkish: Ä°stanbul; a contraction of Greek εις την πολιν into the city, the former Constantinople, Κωνσταντινούπολις) is the largest city in Turkey, and arguably the most important. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Justinian's tyrannical rule provoked another rising against him. Cherson revolted; under the leadership of Bardanes, the city held out against a counter-attack and soon the forces sent to suppress the rebellion joined it. The rebels then seized the capital and proclaimed Bardanes as emperor; Justinian had been on his way to Armenia, and was unable to return to Constantinople in time to defend it. He was arrested and executed outside the city in December 711, his head being sent to Bardanes as a trophy. Philippicus, Eastern Roman emperor, 711– 713, was the son of the patrician Nicephorus, and became distinguished as a soldier under Justinian II. His proper name, which indicates his Armenian origin, was Bardanes. ... See also: phone number 711. ...

On hearing the news of his death, Justinian's mother took his six-year-old son and co-Emperor, Tiberius, to sanctuary at St. Mary's Church in Blachernae, but was pursued by Bardanes' henchmen, who dragged the child from the altar and, once outside the church, murdered him, thus finally eradicating the line of Heraclius. Blachernae is a suburb in the northeastern section of Constantinople. ... Heraclius and his sons Heraclius Constantine and Heraclonas. ...

A fictional account of Justinian's life is given in the 1998 novel Justinian by H.N. Turteltaub. 1998(MCMXCVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... Harry Turtledove at Worldcon 2005 in Glasgow Harry Norman Turtledove (born June 14, 1949), is a historian and prolific novelist who has written historical fiction, fantasy, and science fiction works. ...

External links

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Justinian II

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Constantine IV on a contemporary coin Constantine IV (649-685) was Byzantine emperor from 668-685. ... This is a list of the Emperors of the late Roman Empire, called Byzantine. ... Leontius Leontius II was Byzantine emperor from 695-698. ... Tiberius III (d. ... This is a list of the Emperors of the late Roman Empire, called Byzantine. ... Philippicus, Eastern Roman emperor, 711–713, was the son of the patrician Nicephorus, and became distinguished as a soldier under Justinian II. His proper name, which indicates his Armenian origin, was Bardanes. ...

References

• This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain.
• Byzantium: the early centuries by John Julius Norwich