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Encyclopedia > K. R. Narayanan
Kocheril Raman Narayanan

In office
July 25, 1997 – July 25, 2002
Vice President(s) Krishan Kant
Preceded by Shankar Dayal Sharma
Succeeded by Abdul Kalam
Born February 4, 1921
Perumthanam, Kerala, India
Died November 9, 2005
Flag of India New Delhi, India
Religion Hinduism

Kocheril Raman Narayanan (Malayalam: കോച്ചേരില്‍ രാമന്‍ നാരായണന്‍; 4 February 1921 — 9 November 2005), also known as K. R. Narayanan, was the tenth President of the Republic of India. He is the only Dalit and the only Malayali to have held the Presidency. Image File history File links KRN.jpg Summary http://www. ... The President of India is the head of state and first citizen of India and the Supreme Commander of the Indian armed forces. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Krishan Kant (February 28, 1927 - July 27, 2002) was the vice-president of India from 1997 until his death. ... Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma (August 19, 1918 - December 26, 1999) was an Indian scholar and politician, most notable for serving as President of India from 1992 until 1997. ... Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (Tamil: ) born October 15, 1931, Tamil Nadu, India, usually referred to as Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam ^) was the twelfth President of India, serving from 2002 to 2007. ... is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... , Kerala ( ; Malayalam: കേരളം; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. ... is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... , This article is about the urban region that is the capital of India. ... Hinduism (known as in modern Indian languages) is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. ... Malayalam ( ) is the language spoken predominantly in the state of Kerala, in southern India. ... is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The President of India is the head of state and first citizen of India and the Supreme Commander of the Indian armed forces. ... In South Asias caste system, a Dalit; often called an untouchable; is a person of shudra; the lowest of the four castes. ... Languages Malayalam (മലയാളം) Religions Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Related ethnic groups Dravidian people Brahui people Kannadigas Tamils Telugus Tuluvas Malayali or Malayalee(മലയാളി) is a name given to the inhabitants of the state of Kerala. ...


Born in the southern state of Kerala, and after a brief stint with journalism and studying political science at the London School of Economics with the assistance of a scholarship, Narayanan began his public service career in India as a member of the Indian Foreign Service under the Nehru administration. He has served as ambassador to Japan, United Kingdom, Thailand, Turkey, People's Republic of China and United States of America and was referred by Nehru as "the best diplomat of the country".[1] He entered politics at Indira Gandhi's request and won three successive general elections to the Lok Sabha and has served as a Minister of state in the Union cabinet under Rajiv Gandhi. Elected as Vice-President in 1992, Narayanan went on to become the President of India in 1997. South India is a linguistic-cultural region of India that comprises the four states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu and the two Union Territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry, whose inhabitants are collectively referred to as South Indians. ... , Kerala ( ; Malayalam: കേരളം; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. ... The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) is a specialist constituent college of the University of London. ... The Indian Foreign Service (IFS) is one of the Services of the Government of India; other important services being the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Police Service (IPS). ... Jawaharlal Nehru (Hindi: , IPA: , from Persian Javâher-e Laal, meaning Red Jewel) (November 14, 1889 – May 27, 1964) was a political leader of the Indian National Congress, a pivotal figure in the Indian independence movement and the first Prime Minister of Independent India. ... Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (Hindi: ) (November 19, 1917 – October 31, 1984) was an Indian politician who served as Prime Minister of India for three consecutive terms from 1966 to 1977 and for a fourth term from 1980 to 1984. ... The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India. ... Rājiv Ratna Gāndhī (Devanāgarī: राजीव रत्न गान्धी, IPA: ) (August 20, 1944 – May 21, 1991), the eldest son of Indira and Feroze Gandhi, was the 9th Prime Minister of India (and the 3rd from the Gandhi family) from his mothers death on 31 October 1984 until his resignation on December... The Vice-President of India is the second-highest ranking government official in the executive branch of the Government of India after the President. ...


In India, where the office of the President is largely ceremonial without executive powers, Narayanan was regarded as an assertive President with a leftist inclination, who set several precedents and enlarged the scope of the highest constitutional office. He described himself as a "working President" who worked "within the four corners of the Constitution"; something midway between an "executive President" who has direct power and a "rubber-stamp President" who endorses government decisions without question or deliberation.[2] He used his discretionary powers as a President and deviated from convention and precedent in many situations, including - but not limited to — the appointment of the Prime Minister in a hung Parliament, in dismissing a state government and imposing President's rule there at the suggestion of the Union Cabinet, and during the Kargil conflict. He presided over the golden jubilee celebrations of Indian independence and in the country's general election of 1998 became the first Indian President to vote when in office, setting another new precedent. A ceremony is an activity, infused with ritual significance, performed on a certain occasion. ... Discretion, tacuinum sanitatis casanatensis (XIV secolo) Discretion is a noun in the English language. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... In law, a precedent or authority is a legal case establishing a principle or rule that a court may need to adopt when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts. ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... In Parliamentary systems, a hung parliament is one in which no one political party has an outright majority. ... A state government is the government of a subnational entity in nation-states with federal forms of government, which shares political power with the federal government or national government. ... Presidents rule is enabled by article 356 of the constitution of India. ... A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of government, typically representing the executive branch. ... Combatants India Pakistan, Kashmiri secessionists, Islamic militants (Foreign Fighters) Strength 30,000 5,000 Casualties Indian Official Figures: 527 killed,[1][2][3] 1,363 wounded[4] 1 POW Pakistani Estimates: 357–4,000+ killed[5][6] (Pakistan troops) 665+ soldiers wounded[5] 8 POWs. ... A Golden Jubilee is a celebration held to mark a 50th anniversary of a monarchs reign. ... The Indian independence struggle incorporated the efforts by Indians to liberate the region from British rule and form the nation-state of India. ... Parties are listed in the following order; First listed are parties registered as National parties, secondly parties registered as State parties and then unrecognized parties that won seats. ...

Contents

Early life

K. R. Narayanan's tharavaadu (ancestral home), Perumthanam, Uzhavoor.
K. R. Narayanan's tharavaadu (ancestral home), Perumthanam, Uzhavoor.

K. R. Narayanan was born in his tharavaadu (ancestral home), a small thatched hut at Perumthanam, Uzhavoor, as the fourth of seven children of Kocheril Raman Vaidyar, a physician practicing the traditional Indian medical systems of Siddha and Ayurveda, and Punnaththuraveettil Paappiyamma. His family (belonging to the Paravan caste, whose members are assigned the task of plucking coconuts as per the caste system) was poor, but his father was respected for his medical acumen. He was born on 4 February 1921, but his uncle, who accompanied him on his first day in school, did not know his actual date of birth, and arbitrarily chose 27 October 1920 for the records; Narayanan later chose to let it remain official. Image File history File links Kocheril_tharavaadu. ... Image File history File links Kocheril_tharavaadu. ... Uzhavoor is a small village in the kottayam district. ... The Ancestral Home (Dom Ojczysty) is a political party in Poland, founded after the elections. ... medicines, see Medication. ... A Siddha in Sanskrit means One who is accomplished and refers to perfected masters who have transcended the Ahamkara (Ego or I-maker), have subdued their minds to be subservient to their Awareness, and have transformed their bodies composed of dense Rajo-tama Gunas into pure Satvic light. ... Shirodhara, one of the techniques of Ayurveda Ayurveda (Devanagari: ) or Ayurvedic medicine is an ancient system of health care that is native to the Indian subcontinent. ... Paravan is a subdivision or caste in Hinduism. ... Binomial name L. For other uses, see Coconut (disambiguation). ... The Indian caste system is the traditional system of social stratification on the Indian Subcontinent, in which social classes are defined by a number of endogamous, hereditary groups often termed as jātis or castes. ... is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ...


Narayanan had his early schooling in Uzhavoor at the Government Lower Primary School, Kurichithanam (where he enrolled on 5 May 1927) and Our Lady of Lourdes Upper Primary School, Uzhavoor (1931-35). He walked to school for about 15 kilometres daily through paddy fields, and was often unable to pay the modest fees. He often listened to school lessons while standing outside the classroom, having been barred from attending because tuition fees were outstanding. The family lacked money to buy books and his elder brother K. R. Neelakantan, who was confined to home as he was suffering from asthma, used to borrow books from other students, copy them down, and give them to Narayanan. He matriculated from St. Mary's High School, Kuravilangad (1936-37) (he had studied at St. John's High School, Koothatukulam (1935-36) previously). He completed his intermediate at C. M. S. College, Kottayam (1938-40), aided by a merit scholarship. India has been a major seat of learning for thousands of years. ... is the 125th day of the year (126th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Terrace of paddy fields in Yunnan Province, southern China. ... St. ... The C.M.S College is situated in Kottayam, Kerala, India. ...


Narayanan obtained his B. A. (Honours) and M.A. in English literature from the University of Travancore (1940-43), standing first in the university (thus becoming the first Dalit to obtain this degree with first class in Travancore). A B.A. issused as a certificate Bachelor of Arts (B.A., BA or A.B.), from the Latin Artium Baccalaureus is an undergraduate bachelors degree awarded for either a course or a program in the liberal arts or the sciences, or both. ... A Master of Arts is a postgraduate academic masters degree awarded by universities in North America and the United Kingdom (excluding the ancient universities of Scotland and Oxbridge. ... The term English literature refers to literature written in the English language, including literature composed in English by writers not necessarily from England; Joseph Conrad was Polish, Robert Burns was Scottish, James Joyce was Irish, Dylan Thomas was Welsh, Edgar Allan Poe was American, Salman Rushdie is Indian, V.S... Flag for former princely state of Travancore Travancore or Thiruvithaamkoor (Malayalam: തിരുവിതാങ്കൂര്‍ [], തിരുവിതാംകൂര്‍ [], തിരുവിതാങ്കോട് []) was a princely state in India with its capital at Trivandrum (Thiruvananthapuram). ...

Anthony Giddens, Sociologist and Director, LSE, visits K. R. Narayanan at Rashtrapati Bhavan.
Anthony Giddens, Sociologist and Director, LSE, visits K. R. Narayanan at Rashtrapati Bhavan.

With his family facing grave difficulties, he left for Delhi and worked for some time as a journalist with The Hindu and The Times of India (1944-45). During this time he once interviewed Mahatma Gandhi[3] in Bombay, (10 April 1945).Narayanan then went to England (1945) and studied political science under Harold Laski at the London School of Economics (LSE);[4] he also attended lectures by Karl Popper, Lionel Robbins, and Friedrich Hayek. He obtained the honours degree of B. Sc. (Economics) with a specialisation in political science, helped by a scholarship from J. R. D. Tata.[5] During his years in London, he (along with fellow student K. N. Raj) was active in the India League under V. K. Krishna Menon. He was also the London correspondent of the Social Welfare Weekly published by K. M. Munshi. He shared lodgings with K. N. Raj and Veerasamy Ringadoo (who later became the first President of Mauritius); another close friend was Pierre Trudeau (who later became Prime minister of Canada). Image File history File links KRN_Giddens. ... Image File history File links KRN_Giddens. ... Image needed Anthony Giddens, Baron Giddens (born January 18, 1938) is a British sociologist who is renowned for his theory of structuration and his holistic view of modern societies. ... This article or section includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... , Delhi ( , Hindi: , Punjabi: , Urdu: ) sometimes referred to as Dilli, is the second-largest metropolis in India after Mumbai with a population of 13 million. ... Malayalam journalism refers to journalism in the Malayalam language. ... The Hindu is a leading English-language newspaper in South India, with its largest base of circulation in Tamil Nadu. ... The Times of India, often abbreviated as TOI, is one of Indias leading daily newspapers, owned and managed by Bennett, Coleman & Co. ... Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: , Hindi: , IAST: mohandās karamcand gāndhÄ«, IPA: ) (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948), was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian independence movement. ... This article or section should be merged with Mumbai Mumbai (previously known as Bombay) is the worlds most populous conurbation, and is the sixth most populous agglomeration in the world. ... is the 100th day of the year (101st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Political Science is the field concerning the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behaviour. ... Harold Joseph Laski (Manchester, June 30, 1893 – March 24, 1950 in London) was an English political theorist, economist, author, and lecturer, and served as the 1945-1946 chairman of the Labour Party. ... The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) is a specialist constituent college of the University of London. ... Sir Karl Raimund Popper, CH, FRS, FBA, (July 28, 1902 – September 17, 1994), was an Austrian born naturalized British[1] philosopher and a professor at the London School of Economics. ... Lionel Charles Robbins, Baron Robbins (1898 - 1984) was a British economist of the 20th century who proposed one of the early contemporary definitions of economics, Economics is a science which studies human behavior as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses. ... Friedrich August von Hayek, CH (May 8, 1899 in Vienna – March 23, 1992 in Freiburg) was an Austrian-born British economist and political philosopher known for his defense of liberal democracy and free-market capitalism against socialist and collectivist thought in the mid-20th century. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata (July 29, 1904–November 29, 1993) was a pioneer aviator and important businessman of India. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... K.N. Raj Kakkadan Nandanath Raj or plain K.N. Raj is the economist who played an important role in Indias planned development, drafting sections of Indias first Five Year Plan, specifically the introductory chapter. ... Image:Timekrishnamenon. ... Kanhaiyalal Maneklal Munshi (December 30, 1887 - February 8, 1971) was an Indian freedom fighter from the state of Gujarat. ... Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo (1920–September 9, 2000) was Governor General of Mauritius from January 17, 1986 to March 12, 1992, when Mauritius became a Republic. ... For other uses, see Pierre Elliott Trudeau (disambiguation). ... Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      The Prime Minister of Canada (French: Premier ministre du Canada), is the Minister of the Crown who is head of the Government of Canada. ...


Diplomat and academician

When Narayanan returned to India in 1948, Laski gave him a letter of introduction to Prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru. Years later he narrated[6] how he began his career in the public service: The Prime Minister of India is, in practice, the most powerful person in the government of India. ... Jawaharlal Nehru (Hindi: , IPA: , from Persian Javâher-e Laal, meaning Red Jewel) (November 14, 1889 – May 27, 1964) was a political leader of the Indian National Congress, a pivotal figure in the Indian independence movement and the first Prime Minister of Independent India. ...

When I finished with LSE, Laski, of his own, gave me a letter of introduction for Panditji. On reaching Delhi I sought an appointment with the PM. I suppose, because I was an Indian student returning home from London, I was given a time-slot. It was here in Parliament House that he met me. We talked for a few minutes about London and things like that and I could soon see that it was time for me to leave. So I said goodbye and as I left the room I handed over the letter from Laski, and stepped out into the great circular corridor outside. When I was half way round, I heard the sound of someone clapping from the direction I had just come. I turned to see Panditji [Nehru] beckoning me to come back. He had opened the letter as I left his room and read it. [Nehru asked:] "Why didn't you give this to me earlier?" [and KRN replied:] "Well, sir, I am sorry. I thought it would be enough if I just handed it over while leaving." After a few more questions, he asked me to see him again and very soon I found myself entering the Indian Foreign Service.

K. R. Narayanan with Jiang Zemin; Great Hall of the People, Beijing, 29 May 2000.

In 1949, he joined the Indian Foreign Service (IFS) on Nehru's request.[7] He worked as a diplomat in the embassies at Rangoon, Tokyo, London, Canberra, and Hanoi. He was the Indian ambassador to Thailand (1967-69), Turkey (1973-75), and the People's Republic of China (1976-78). He taught at the Delhi School of Economics (DSE) (1954), and was Jawaharlal Nehru fellow (1970-72) and secretary to the ministry of external affairs (1976). He retired in 1978. After his retirement, he served as the Vice-Chancellor of Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) in Delhi from 1978-80; he would later describe this experience as the foundation for his public life.[8] Subsequently he was called back from retirement to serve as Indian ambassador to the United States of America (USA) from 1980-84, under the Indira Gandhi administration. Narayanan's tenures as Indian ambassador to China, the first such high level Indian diplomatic posting in that country after the 1962 Sino-Indian War, and to the USA where he helped arrange Ms. Gandhi's landmark 1982 visit to Washington during the Reagan presidency helped mend India's strained relations with both these countries.[9][10] Nehru, who had also been the Minister for External Affairs during his 16 years as PM, held that K. R. Narayanan was "the best diplomat of the country."(1955) Image File history File links KRN_Zemin. ... Image File history File links KRN_Zemin. ... Jiāng Zémín (Traditional Chinese: 江澤民, Simplified Chinese: 江泽民, Hanyu Pinyin: Jiāng Zémín, Wade-Giles: Chiang Tse-min, Cantonese (Jyutping): gong1 zaak6 man4) (born August 17, 1926) was the core of the third generation of Communist Party of China leaders, serving as General Secretary of the Communist... Great Hall of the People by day. ... Beijing (Chinese: 北京; pinyin: BÄ›ijÄ«ng; IPA: ;  ), a metropolis in northern China, is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ... is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Indian Foreign Service (IFS) is one of the Services of the Government of India; other important services being the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and the Indian Police Service (IPS). ... Yangon (Burmese: , population 5,000,000 (nearly) (2007 census), formerly Rangoon, is the largest city and former capital of Myanmar (previously known as Burma, prior to 1989). ...   , literally Eastern capital) is a unique subnational administrative region of Japan with characteristics of both a prefecture and a city. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... For other uses, see Canberra (disambiguation). ... Hanoi (Vietnamese: Hà Ná»™i, Hán Tá»±: 河内)  , estimated population 3,145,300 (2005), is the capital of Vietnam. ... Delhi School of Economics, started in 1949, is a conglomerate of three departments, affiliated to the University of Delhi. ... A Vice-Chancellor (commonly called the VC) of a university in the United Kingdom, other Commonwealth countries, and some universities in Hong Kong, is the de facto head of the university. ... The sprawling campus of Jawaharlal Nehru University is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. ... Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (Hindi: ) (November 19, 1917 – October 31, 1984) was an Indian politician who served as Prime Minister of India for three consecutive terms from 1966 to 1977 and for a fourth term from 1980 to 1984. ... This page is about negotiations; for the board game, see Diplomacy (game). ... Combatants Peoples Republic of China India Commanders Zhang Guohua[4] B.M. Kaul Strength 80,000[5][6] Casualties Killed: 1460[7] None captured[8][9][10][11] Wounded 1,697[7] Killed 1,383 Missing 1,696 Captured 3,968[2] Wounded 1,047[12] The Sino-Indian... Nickname: Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C., in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia Coordinates: , Country United States Federal District District of Columbia Government  - Mayor Adrian M. Fenty (D)  - D.C. Council Chairperson: Vincent C. Gray (D) Ward 1: Jim Graham (D) Ward 2... Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 - June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975). ...

K. R. Narayanan as a young diplomat in Tokyo with wife Usha and their daughter.
K. R. Narayanan as a young diplomat in Tokyo with wife Usha and their daughter.

Image File history File links YoungKRN.jpg Source Frontline. ... Image File history File links YoungKRN.jpg Source Frontline. ...   , literally Eastern capital) is a unique subnational administrative region of Japan with characteristics of both a prefecture and a city. ...

Family

While working in Rangoon, Burma (Myanmar), K. R. Narayanan met Ma Tint Tint, whom he later married in Delhi on 8 June 1951). Ma Tint Tint had been active in the YWCA, and on hearing that Narayanan was a student of Laski, had approached him to speak on political freedom before her circle of acquaintances. Their marriage needed a special dispensation from Nehru per Indian law, because Narayanan was in the IFS and she was a foreigner. Ma Tint Tint adopted the Indian name Usha and became an Indian citizen. Usha Narayanan worked on several social welfare programmes for women and children in India. She also translated and published several Burmese short stories; a collection of translated stories by Thein Pe Myint, titled Sweet and Sour, appeared in 1998. She is the only woman of foreign origin to have become the First Lady. They have two daughters, Chitra (who has served as Indian ambassador to Sweden and Turkey) and Amrita. Yangôn, formerly Rangoon, population 4,504,000 (2001), is the capital of Myanmar. ... is the 159th day of the year (160th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Not to be confused with YMCA. Neysa Moran McMein (1888-1949) Y.W.C.A. In Service for the Girls of the World, Poster, 1919 The YWCA (Young Womens Christian Association) is a womens membership movement that strives to create opportunities for womens growth, leadership and power... This article is about the use of the term first lady internationally. ...


Parliamentarian, Union Minister and Vice-President

Narayanan entered politics at the request of Indira Gandhi and won three successive general elections to the Lok Sabha in 1984, 1989, and 1991, as a representative of the Ottapalam constituency in Palakkad, Kerala, on an Congress ticket. He was a Minister of State in the Union cabinet under Rajiv Gandhi, holding the portfolios of Planning (1985), External Affairs (1985-86), and Science and Technology (1986-89). As a Member of Parliament, he resisted international pressure to tighten patent controls in India. He sat in the opposition benches when the Congress was voted out of power during 1989-91. Narayanan was not included in the cabinet when the Congress returned to power in 1991. K. Karunakaran, Congress Chief Minister of Kerala, a political adversary of his, informed Narayanan that he was not made a minister because of him being a "Communist fellow-traveller". He did not, however, respond when Narayanan pointed out that he had defeated Communist candidates (A. K. Balan and Lenin Rajendran, the latter twice) in all three elections.[8] Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi (Hindi: ) (November 19, 1917 – October 31, 1984) was an Indian politician who served as Prime Minister of India for three consecutive terms from 1966 to 1977 and for a fourth term from 1980 to 1984. ... A general election is an election in which all or most members of a given political body are up for election. ... The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India. ... Parties are listed in the following order; First listed are parties registered as National parties, secondly parties registered as State parties and then unrecognized parties that won seats. ... Parties are listed in the following order; First listed are parties registered as National parties, secondly parties registered as State parties and then unrecognized parties that won seats. ... Parties are listed in the following order; First listed are parties registered as National parties, secondly parties registered as State parties and then unrecognized parties that won seats. ... Ottapalam is a town in Palakkad district in Kerala state, south India. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... , Kerala ( ; Malayalam: കേരളം; ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. ... Indian National Congress (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major political party in India. ... Minister of State is a title borne by officials in certain countries governed under the parliamentary system. ... Rājiv Ratna Gāndhī (Devanāgarī: राजीव रत्न गान्धी, IPA: ) (August 20, 1944 – May 21, 1991), the eldest son of Indira and Feroze Gandhi, was the 9th Prime Minister of India (and the 3rd from the Gandhi family) from his mothers death on 31 October 1984 until his resignation on December... A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a parliament. ... For other uses, see Patent (disambiguation). ... (born July 5, 1918) is a veteran Congress party leader, freedom fighter, trade unionist, and former Chief Minister of Kerala, Home minister of Kerala, and Minister of industries of India. ... Chief Ministers of Kerala See Also Kerala Chief Ministers of India Links keralacm. ... Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization based on common ownership of the means of production. ... A fellow traveller is a person who sympathizes with the beliefs of a particular organization, but does not belong to that organization. ... Lenin Rajendran is a Malayalam film director and writer. ...


K. R. Narayanan was elected as the Vice-President of India on 21 August 1992, under the Presidency of Shankar Dayal Sharma. His name had been proposed initially by V. P. Singh, former Prime Minister and the then leader of the Janata Dal parliamentary party. The Janata Dal and the Left Front had jointly declared him as their candidate, and this had later garnered support from the Congress under P. V. Narasimha Rao, leading to a unanimous decision on his election. On his relationship with the Left front, Narayanan later clarified[8] that he was neither a devotee nor a blind opponent of Communism; they had known of his ideological differences, but had supported him as Vice-President (and later as President) because of special political circumstances that prevailed in the country. He had benefited from their support, and in turn, their political positions had gained acceptability. When the Babri Masjid was demolished on 6 December 1992, he described the event as the "greatest tragedy India has faced since the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi".[2] The Vice-President of India is the second-highest ranking government official in the executive branch of the Government of India after the President. ... is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma (August 19, 1918 - December 26, 1999) was an Indian scholar and politician, most notable for serving as President of India from 1992 until 1997. ... Vishwanath Pratap Singh (Hindi: , born 25 June 1931) was the tenth Prime Minister of the Republic of India. ... Janata Dal is an Indian political party which was formed through the merger one of the major Janata Party factions, the Lok Dal and a group of Congressmen led by V.P. Singh. ... Janata Dal is an Indian political party which was formed through the merger one of the major Janata Party factions, the Lok Dal and a group of Congressmen led by V.P. Singh. ... Left Front election propaganda in Kolkata 2004 DSP-meeting in Kolkata West Bengal Left Front Committee meeting for solidarity with Tripura Left Front is an alliance of Indian leftist parties. ... Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao (Telugu: ) (28 June 1921 – 23 December 2004) was the twelth Prime Minister of the Republic of India[1] and led one of the most important administrations in Indias modern history overseeing a major economic transformation and several incidents affecting national security. ... Unanimity is a complete agreement by everyone. ... A view of the Babri Mosque, circa pre-1992. ... December 6 is the 340th day of the year (341st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... Raj Ghat - Memorial marking the cremation spot of Mahatma Gandhi Followers of Mahatma Gandhi claim that there were five unsuccessful attempts to assassinate him. ... Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: , Hindi: , IAST: mohandās karamcand gāndhī, IPA: ) (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948), was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian independence movement. ...


Presidency

K. R. Narayanan was elected to the Presidency of India[11] (17 July 1997) with 95% of the votes in the electoral college, as a result of the Presidential poll on 14 July. This is the only Presidential election to have been held with a minority government holding power at the centre. T. N. Seshan was the sole opposing candidate, and all major parties save the Shiv Sena supported his candidature. Seshan alleged, not without grounds that Narayanan had been elected solely for being a Dalit. is the 198th day of the year (199th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar). ... An electoral college is a set of electors, who are empowered as a deliberative body to elect a candidate to a particular office. ... The President of India is the head of state and first citizen of India and the Supreme Commander of the Indian armed forces. ... is the 195th day of the year (196th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This biographical article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... SS election symbol Shiv Sena or शिव सेना (meaning Army of Shiva, referring to Shiva) is a political party in India founded on June 19, 1966 by Bal Thackeray, who is the president of the party. ...


He was sworn in as the President of India (25 July 1997) by Chief Justice J. S. Verma in the Central Hall of Parliament. In his inaugural address,[12] he said: is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Indian_Parliament. ...

That the nation has found a consensus for its highest office in some one who has sprung from the grass-roots of our society and grown up in the dust and heat of this sacred land is symbolic of the fact that the concerns of the common man have now moved to the centre stage of our social and political life. It is this larger significance of my election rather than any personal sense of honour that makes me rejoice on this occasion.

Golden jubilee of independence
K. R. Narayanan delivering the midnight address on the golden jubilee of independence.
K. R. Narayanan delivering the midnight address on the golden jubilee of independence.

The principal event of the golden jubilee of Indian independence was President K. R. Narayanan's midnight address to the nation[13] during the special session of Parliament convened on the night of 14 August; in this address, he identified the establishment of a democratic system of government and politics to be the greatest achievement of India since independence. The following morning, Prime Minister I. K. Gujral, addressing the nation[14] from the ramparts of the Red Fort, said: Image File history File links Download high resolution version (960x591, 73 KB) Summary K. R. Narayanan addressing the nation at midnight on the Golden jubilee of Indian independence. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (960x591, 73 KB) Summary K. R. Narayanan addressing the nation at midnight on the Golden jubilee of Indian independence. ... is the 226th day of the year (227th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Democracy describes a number of related forms of government. ... Inder Kumar Gujral (Hindi: ) (born 4 December 1919) was the twelfth Prime Minister of the Republic of India. ... There used to be a redirect from the Red Fort in Delhi to Agra Fort in Agra. ...

When Gandhiji dreamt of India's future, he had said that the country will attain the real freedom only on the day when a Dalit would become the President of this country. This is our great fortune that today on the eve of golden jubilee of independence, we have been able to fulfil this dream of Gandhiji. In the person of Shri K. R. Narayanan we have been able to fulfil the dream of Gandhiji. Our President of whom the whole country is proud of, is from a very poor and downtrodden family and today he has endowed the Rashtrapati Bhavan with a new pride and respect. It is a matter of further happiness that the President has a very high place among the intellectuals of this country. This is a feather in the cap of our democracy that the backward sections of the society today are attaining their rightful place in society. All the countrymen today whether they are from minorities, scheduled castes [Dalits], or scheduled tribes [Adivasis]-- are working unitedly for the development of the country.

Participation in the elections
K. R. Narayanan casts his vote, thus becoming the first President to do so (Usha waits for her turn).
K. R. Narayanan casts his vote, thus becoming the first President to do so (Usha waits for her turn).

In the general elections of 1998, K. R. Narayanan became the first sitting President to vote (16 February 1998), casting his vote at a polling booth in a school within the Rashtrapati Bhavan complex after standing in a queue like an ordinary citizen. He insisted on casting his vote, despite the departure from precedent being pointed out to him. Narayanan sought to change what was a long-standing practice of Indian presidents not voting during general elections.[15][16] He also exercised his franchise as President in the 1999 general elections. Image File history File links KRN_vote. ... Image File history File links KRN_vote. ... Parties are listed in the following order; First listed are parties registered as National parties, secondly parties registered as State parties and then unrecognized parties that won seats. ... February 16 is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... Immediately in front of Rashtrapati Bhavan is the Jaipur Column, topped by a star. ... Parties are listed in the following order; First listed are parties registered as National parties, secondly parties registered as State parties and then unrecognized parties that won seats. ...

Golden jubilee of the Republic

President K. R. Narayanan's address to the nation[17] on the golden jubilee of the Indian Republic (26 January 2000) is considered a landmark:[18] it was the first time[19] a President attempted to analyse, with due concern for growing disparities, the several ways in which the country had failed[20] to provide economic justice to the Indian people, particularly the rural and agrarian population; he also stated that discontent was breeding and frustrations erupting in violence among the deprived sections of society. In his address to Parliament[21] later that day, he praised the work of B. R. Ambedkar on the Indian constitution and cautioned against attempts to change its basic structure, concurring with Ambedkar's preference for accountability and responsibility over the stability of the government. He reiterated this in stronger terms in his next Republic day address (2001);[22] on this occasion, he took exception to certain proposals seeking to abridge the franchise, and pointed out the wisdom of reposing faith in the common men and women of India as a whole, rather than in some elite section of society. is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (Marathi: बाबासाहेब भीमराव रामजी आंबेडकर) (April 14, 1891 — December 6, 1956) was a Buddhist revivalist, Indian jurist, scholar and Bahujan political leader who is the chief architect of the Indian Constitution. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...


In these addresses, he articulated opinions which departed in many ways from certain views of the A. B. Vajpayee government.[23][16] This biographical article does not cite any references or sources. ...


Exercise of Presidential discretion

President Narayanan introduced the important practice of explaining to the nation (by means of Rashtrapati Bhavan communiqués) the thinking that led to the various decisions he took while exercising his discretionary powers; this has led to openness and transparency in the functioning of the President.

Appointment of the Prime minister and dissolution of Parliament

During his Presidency, Narayanan dissolved the Lok Sabha twice after determining through consultations across the political spectrum, that no one was in a position to secure the confidence of the house. Congress president Sitaram Kesri withdrew his party's support of the I. K. Gujral government and staked his claim to form the government on 28 November 1997. Gujral advised Narayanan of the dissolution of the Lok Sabha. President Narayanan determined that no one would be able to secure a majority in the Lok Sabha and accepted Gujral's advice[24] (4 December). In the ensuing general elections, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) emerged as the single largest party, leading the largest pre-election coalition, the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), and the coalition leader Vajpayee staked his claim to form the government, though at that point he did not have a majority. Narayanan asked Vajpayee to furnish letters of support to demonstrate the NDA's ability to secure a majority. Vajpayee was able to meet this demand after support for the NDA grew, and subsequently he was appointed Prime minister[25] (15 March 1998) on the condition (which was met) that a vote of confidence be secured within 10 days.[15] One of the coalition partners supporting the minority government (the AIADMK under J. Jayalalithaa) wrote a letter to the President withdrawing support on 14 April 1999, and Narayanan advised Vajpayee to seek a vote of confidence in the Lok Sabha. This motion was defeated (17 April). The Leader of the Opposition, Congress president Sonia Gandhi, then staked claim to form the government. Narayanan gave the Congress party more than enough time to muster support from potential allies, an approach which evoked widespread condemnation from independent thinkers. However, with the Samajwadi Party ruling out supporting Mrs Sonia Gandhi for the post of the Prime Minister, Narayanan was forced to inform the Prime minister that fresh elections seemed to be the only way to resolve the crisis in governance. The Lok Sabha was then dissolved at Vajpayee's advice[26] (26 April). (In the ensuing general elections, the NDA secured a majority and Vajpayee was reappointed Prime minister[27] (11 October 1999) in a straightforward manner.) Sitaram Kesri, was born at Danapur, Patna on November 1919. ... is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar). ... December 4th redirects here. ... The Bharatiya Janata Party [BJP] (Hindi: , English: ), created in 1980, is a major Indian political party. ... The National Democratic Alliance (NDA) is a coalition in India. ... is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) is a regional political party in India. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... April 14 is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 261 days remaining. ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ... A Motion of Confidence is a motion of support proposed by a government in a parliament to give members of parliament a chance to register their confidence for a government by means of a parliamentary vote. ... is the 107th day of the year (108th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Leader of the Opposition in India is the politician who leads the body in the Lok Sabha recognized as the Official Opposition. ... Sonia Gandhi (Hindi: , IPA: ), born Sonia Antonia Maino on December 9, 1946, is an Italian-born Indian politician, the President of the Indian National Congress and the widow of former Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ...


In these decisions, President Narayanan set a new precedent concerning the appointment of a Prime minister — if no party or pre-election coalition had a majority, then a person would be appointed Prime minister only if he was able to convince the President (through letters of support from allied parties) of his ability to secure the confidence of the house. In doing so, he diverged from the actions of his predecessors who had been faced with the task of appointing a Prime minister from a hung parliament, Presidents N. Sanjiva Reddy, R. Venkataraman, and Shankar Dayal Sharma: the latter two had followed the practice of inviting the leader of the single largest party or pre-election coalition to form the government without investigating their ability to secure the confidence of the house. In Parliamentary systems, a hung parliament is one in which no one political party has an outright majority. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Ramaswamy Venkataraman (born 4 December 1910) was the President of India between 1987 and 1992. ...

Imposition of President's rule

President Narayanan returned for reconsideration the advices from the Union cabinet to impose President's rule in a state, in accordance with Article 356, in two instances: one from the Gujral government (22 October 1997) seeking to dismiss the Kalyan Singh government in Uttar Pradesh,[28] and the other from the Vajpayee government (25 September 1998) seeking to dismiss the Rabri Devi government in Bihar.[29] In both instances, he cited the Supreme court judgement of 1994 on S. R. Bommai vs. Union of India and exercised his discretion. In both cases, the cabinet honoured the President's reservations. These remain the only occasions when a President urged such a reconsideration, and have set an important precedent concerning federalism and the rights of state governments. Presidents rule is enabled by article 356 of the constitution of India. ... is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar). ... Kalyan Singh (born 5 January 1932) is a former chief minister of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. ... , Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: , Urdu: , translation: Northern Province, IPA: ,  ), [often referred to as U.P.], is the most populous and fifth largest state in the Republic of India. ... is the 268th day of the year (269th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... Rabri Devi Rabri Devi (born 1959) is the 30th chief minister of Bihar (Term: March 11, 2000 - 2005 (5 years)). She is from the Rashtriya Janata Dal. ... , Bihar (Hindi: बिहार, Urdu: بہار, IPA: ,  ) is a state of the Indian union situated in the eastern part of the country. ... The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of the land as established by Part V, Chapter IV of the Constitution of India. ... The jugement of the Supreme Court of India in S. R. Bommai vs. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Political federalism is a political philosophy in which a group of members are bound together (Latin: foedus, covenant) with a governing representative head. ...

Kargil conflict

A military conflict was developed in Kargil on the Line of Control (LoC) with Pakistan in May 1999. The Vajpayee government had lost a no-confidence vote in Lok Sabha earlier that year and the opposition failed to form the next government. The Lok Sabha had been dissolved and a caretaker government was in office. This caused a problem with democratic accountability, as every major government decision is expected to be discussed, deliberated and consented by the parliament. Some senior officers of the military took the unprecedented step of briefing a ruling political party (the BJP at its national executive) on the conflict.[30] Narayanan suggested to Vajpayee that the Rajya Sabha be convened to discuss the conflict, as demanded by several opposition parties (citing the precedent of Nehru convening a parliamentary session on Vajpayee's demand during the Sino-Indian war in 1962 ) though there was no precedent of convoking the Rajya Sabha in isolation during an interregnum.[31] Further, Narayanan was briefed by the chiefs of the three arms of the Indian Armed Forces on the conduct of the conflict. His Republic day address next year[17] began by paying homage to the soldiers who had died defending the nation. Combatants India Pakistan, Kashmiri secessionists, Islamic militants (Foreign Fighters) Strength 30,000 5,000 Casualties Indian Official Figures: 527 killed,[1][2][3] 1,363 wounded[4] 1 POW Pakistani Estimates: 357–4,000+ killed[5][6] (Pakistan troops) 665+ soldiers wounded[5] 8 POWs. ... Kargil was a part of Gilgit-Baltistan before 1947, but now is a town in the Indian-controlled Kashmir. ... Shown in green is the Kashmiri region under Pakistani control. ... Atal Bihari Vajpayee (often wrongly spelt Behari; अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी in Devnagari) (born December 25, 1924) was the Prime Minister of India in 1996 and again from 1998 until May 19, 2004. ... A caretaker is a term mainly used in the United Kingdom, meaning a concierge or janitor. ... Executive President Vice-President Prime Minister Dy. ... The Indian Armed Forces is the primary military organization responsible for the territorial security and defence of India. ...


Concern for social and economic justice

President Narayanan in his speeches consistently sought to remind the nation of its duties and obligations towards the Dalits and Adivasis, the minorities, and the poor and downtrodden. He called the nation's attention to various recalcitrant social ills and evils, such as atrocities against women and children, caste discrimination and the ingrained attitudes it nurtured, abuse of the environment and public utilities, corruption and lack of accountability in the delivery of public services, religious fundamentalism, advertisement-driven consumerism, and flouting of human rights, and lamented the absence of public concern, political debate, and civic action to address them. Drawing from the experiences of his own home state Kerala, he pointed out that education was at the root of human and economic development. He hoped that the establishment would not fear the awakening of the masses through education, and spoke of the need to have faith in the people.[32][2][17] Ādivāsīs (आदिवासी), literally original inhabitants, comprise a substantial indigenous minority of the population of India. ... Fundamentalism is a movement to maintain strict adherence to founding principles. ... Consumerist redirects here. ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ... Debate is a formalized system of (usually) logical argument. ...


President Narayanan spoke on various occasions on the condition of the Dalits, Adivasis, and other backward sections of society, and the various iniquities they faced (often in defiance of law), such as denial of civic amenities, ostracism, harassment and violence (particularly against women), and displacement by ill-conceived development projects.[33][17][22] Pieces of broken pottery as voting tokens. ...

K. R. Narayanan conferring the Gandhi Peace Prize 2000 on Nelson Mandela, former President of South Africa; New Delhi, 16 March 2001.
K. R. Narayanan conferring the Gandhi Peace Prize 2000 on Nelson Mandela, former President of South Africa; New Delhi, 16 March 2001.

He felt that the policy of reservations for the backward sections in education and the public sector had remained unfulfilled due to administrative distortions and narrow interpretations, and needed to be implemented with renewed vigour and sincerity; apprehensive of what he described as a counter-revolution among some privileged sections seeking to reverse progressive policies, he reminded the nation that these benefits were not charity, but had been provided by way of human rights and social justice to sections constituting a large portion of the population and contributing to the economy as landless agricultural labourers and industrial workers.[17] In his 2002 Republic day address,[34] he drew attention to the Bhopal declaration[35] on the Dalit and Adivasi agenda for the 21st century and spoke of the necessity of the private sector adopting policies to promote equitable representation of the backward sections in their enterprises. In a governmental note on higher judicial appointments (which leaked to the press;[36] January 1999), he observed that eligible persons from the backward sections were available and that their under-representation or non-representation was not justifiable;[37] K. G. Balakrishnan, a Dalit, was elevated to the Supreme court (8 June 2000), the fourth such instance, and the only one since 1989. Image File history File links KRNwithMandela. ... Image File history File links KRNwithMandela. ... The International Gandhi Peace Prize, named after Mahatma Gandhi, is awarded anually by the government of India for outstanding work and contribution to social, economic and political transformation through non-violence and other Gandhian methods. ... Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (IPA: ) (born 18 July 1918) is the former President of South Africa, and the first to be elected in fully representative democratic elections. ... March 16 is the 75th day of the year (76th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Justice K.G. Balakrishnan; First Dalit cheif justice of India Konakuppakatil Gopinathan Balakrishnan aka Justice K G Balakrishnan, an Indian Judge and member of the Indian Supreme Court, has been appointed as the next Chief Justice of India. ... is the 159th day of the year (160th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...


He felt that Ambedkar's exhortation to "educate, organise, agitate" continued to be relevant; with the Dalits forming a quarter of the population in a democracy with universal adult franchise, he felt that the ultimate destiny of the backward sections lay in the hands of the backward sections themselves, organised socially and politically.[33] Elections Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Universal suffrage (also general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of the right to vote to all adults, without distinction as to race, sex, belief, intelligence, or economic or social status. ...


When the Australian missionary and social worker Graham Staines and his two minor sons were burned alive (22 January 1999), President Narayanan condemned it as a barbarous crime belonging to the world's inventory of black deeds.[38] Graham Stuart Staines (d. ... January 22 is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ...


Towards the end of his Presidency, communal riots broke out in Gujarat (February 2002). President Narayanan was deeply pained and anguished, and described it as a grave crisis of the society and the nation; he called it the duty of every Indian to strive to restore peace and thus preserve and strengthen the foundations of the state and the tradition of tolerance. Narayanan sought the intervention of the Indian Army to protect the minority Muslim population — a move that was not accepted by the country's ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He did not stand the election for a second Presidential term due to the lack of support from the ruling government. After the demission of Presidential office, he lent his support to alternative globalisation movements like the World Social Forum. Narayanan died in New Delhi at the age of 85.[39][40][41] After he had left the Presidency, and after the Vajpayee government had been voted out of power in the general elections of May 2004, in an interview on the third anniversary of the riots (in February 2005), he said;[8] 2002 Gujarat violence refers to a series of riots and other incidents of mob violence that occurred in the Indian state of Gujarat in 2002. ... , Gujarat (Gujarati: , IPA:  ) is a state in the Republic of India. ... The Indian Army is one of the armed forces of India and has responsibility for land-based military operations. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... The Bharatiya Janata Party [BJP] (Hindi: , English: ), created in 1980, is a major Indian political party. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... , This article is about the urban region that is the capital of India. ... Legislative elections were held in India, the worlds largest democracy, in four phases between April 20 and May 10, 2004. ...

There was governmental and administrative support for the communal riots in Gujarat. I gave several letters to Prime Minister Vajpayee in this regard on this issue. I met him personally and talked to him directly. But Vajpayee did not do anything effective. I requested him to send the army to Gujarat and suppress the riots. The military was sent, but they were not given powers to shoot. If the military was given powers to shoot at the perpetrators of violence, recurrence of tragedies in Gujarat could have been avoided. However, both the state(the Narendra Modi government) and central government did not do so. I feel there was a conspiracy involving the state and central governments behind the Gujarat riots. Narendra Dāmodardās Modī (Gujarātī: નરેંદ્ર દામોદરદાસ મોદી, born September 17, 1950) has been the Chief Minister of the Indian state of Gujarat since October 7, 2001. ...

He also stated that constitutional limits on his powers had prevented him from doing anything further.[42] Throughout his Presidency, Narayanan adopted the policy of not visiting places of worship or godmen/godwomen; he is the only President to have followed this practice. A godman is a colloquial name for a particular type of charismatic Hindu ascetic who have a high-profile presence, are capable of attracting attention and support from Indian society, and make claims of spiritual attainments. ...


Demission of office

K. R. Narayanan with the U. N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan.
K. R. Narayanan with the U. N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan.

As Narayanan's tenure neared its end, the Leftists looked forward to a second term of his Presidency. The NDA had a slender majority in the electoral college. Narayanan offered to be a consensus candidate. The Opposition parties (including the Congress, the Left Front, Janata Dal (Secular), and various regional parties) supported a second term for him, and Sonia Gandhi met him to request his candidature; Vajpayee then met Narayanan, informed him that there was no consensus within the NDA on the question, and advised against his candidature. Some allege that the NDA then proposed to elevate the Vice-President Krishan Kant as a consensus; However, within a day, the NDA then decided to propose another candidate Dr.P. C. Alexander. Alexander's candidature drew disapproval of the Opposition parties. The Opposition parties approached Narayanan and renewed their request to seek a second term. Then, (the Samajwadi Party under Mulayam Singh Yadav) put forth the name of Abdul Kalam and this proposal received wide spread support both from the NDA and various sections of the intelligentia. Narayanan was then forced to opt out from a contest at this point.[43][44] Image File history File links KRNwithKofiAnnan. ... Image File history File links KRNwithKofiAnnan. ... Kofi Atta Annan (born April 8, 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1, 1997 to January 1, 2007, serving two five-year terms. ... The Janata Dal (Secular) is a left of centre Indian political party. ... Krishan Kant (February 28, 1927 - July 27, 2002) was the vice-president of India from 1997 until his death. ... Samajwadi Party flag Samajwadi Party (Socialist Party) is a political party in India. ... Mulayam Singh Yadav (born November 22, 1939) is a politician in Uttar Pradesh, India. ... Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (born October 15, 1931, Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India), usually referred to as Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, is the President of India. ...


When asked about these events later,[8], a bitter Narayanan accused the BJP of scuttling a second term of his Presidency. He alleged that the BJP had tried to implement an insidious agenda spread across several sectors seeking to subvert the secular ideals of the nation; he made particular reference to the efforts by Murli Manohar Joshi (the then HRD minister) to secure the reins of education to the cause of supposedly spreading the Hindutva ideology of the BJP, and to the attempts to secure important appointments in various sectors for supporters of this ideology; He claimed to have intervened in these matters within the bounds permitted by democratic and constitutional norms, but the BJP had resented his actions. George Jacob Holyoake (1817-1906), British writer who coined the term secularism. ... Murli Manohar Joshi was the Union Human Resources Development minister of India in the NDA government. ... For Veer Savarkars book Hindutva, see Hindutva. ...


In his farewell address to the nation[45] (24 July 2002), K. R. Narayanan set his hopes for social action and progress on the service of the nation by its youth. He reflected on his varied experiences of the essential goodness and wisdom of the Indian people, recalling how he had grown up in Uzhavoor among adherents of several religions, how religious tolerance and harmony had prevailed, how upper-caste Hindus and well-off Christians had helped him in his early studies, and how upper-caste Hindus as well as Christians and Muslims had worked together enthusiastically for his election campaigns in Ottapalam. He said that the credibility and endurance of India's unity and democracy are founded on its tradition of tolerance, and spoke of the need for Hindus, who form the majority, to express the traditional spirit of their religion. is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Hinduism (known as in modern Indian languages) is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. ... Christianity percentage by country, purple is highest, orange is lowest Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ...


Reflecting on his Presidency, K. R. Narayanan said:[8]

As the President of India, I had lots of experiences that were full of pain and helplessness. There were occasions when I could do nothing for people and for the nation. These experiences have pained me a lot. They have depressed me a lot. I have agonised because of the limitations of power. Power and the helplessness surrounding it are a peculiar tragedy, in fact.

Subsequent life

After his retirement as President, K. R. Narayanan, along with his wife Usha, lived his remaining years in a modest bungalow (34, Prithviraj Road) in Delhi.

K. R. Narayanan with Pakistani human rights activist Asma Jehangir at the World Social Forum 2004; Mumbai, 21 January 2004.
K. R. Narayanan with Pakistani human rights activist Asma Jehangir at the World Social Forum 2004; Mumbai, 21 January 2004.

At the World Social Forum (WSF) in Mumbai (21 January 2004), he lent his support to the alternative globalisation movement. Addressing the forum at its concluding session, he praised the WSF for demanding freedom in its most comprehensive form, and was happy that people had assembled under an important idea, rather than for narrow political ends; after reflecting on corporations displacing governments in various countries, and on how Mahatma Gandhi had fought British colonisers non-violently with the strength of the masses, he predicted that vocal masses the world over would successfully fight by non-violent means the capturing of the world's resources by a few corporations in the name of globalisation. He urged the people to struggle against power corporates and militarism and fight those aspects of globalisation which were against the interests of the people; he hailed people's power as a renascent factor of international politics. Image File history File links KRNatWSF.jpg This work is copyrighted and unlicensed. ... Image File history File links KRNatWSF.jpg This work is copyrighted and unlicensed. ... Asma Jehangir is a Pakistani human rights activist. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... , “Bombay” redirects here. ... January 21 is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... , “Bombay” redirects here. ... January 21 is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Gujarati: , Hindi: , IAST: mohandās karamcand gāndhī, IPA: ) (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948), was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian independence movement. ...


K. R. Narayanan dedicated (15 February 2005) his tharavaadu at Uzhavoor to the Santhigiri ashram in Pothencode for the purpose of establishing the Navajyothisree Karunakara Guru research centre for Siddha and Ayurveda.[46] This turned out to be his last return to Uzhavoor. is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Pothencode is located in the rural area of Thiruvananthapuram District in Kerala, India. ... Famous Spiritual Leader. ...


K. R. Narayanan died on 9 November 2005 at the Army Research and Referral Hospital, New Delhi, after being briefly ill with pneumonia and consequent renal failure. His body was cremated with full state honours at sunset the following day; the last rites were performed by his nephew Dr. P. V. Ramachandran, at Ekta sthal on the banks of the River Yamuna (adjacent to Shanti van, the memorial of his mentor Jawaharlal Nehru). is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Raj Ghat, Delhi Raj Ghat, a memorial to Mahatma Gandhi is a simple black marble platform that marks the spot of his cremation on 31 January 1948. ... Not to be confused with Jamuna River. ...


His daughter, Chitra (Indian ambassador to Turkey), on behalf of her mother (Usha), sister (Amrita), and the rest of his family, expressed her appreciation for the outpouring of grief from all over the country and abroad; she added that K. R. Narayanan would be remembered for his great love for the nation and for his immense moral strength and courage.


Four siblings, K. R. Gowri, K. R. Bhargavi, K. R. Bharathi, and K. R. Bhaskaran, survived him; two elder brothers had died when Narayanan was in his twenties. His elder sister Gowri (a homoeopath, who remained unmarried) and his younger brother Bhaskaran (a teacher, also unmarried) had been living in Uzhavoor. Villagers of Uzhavoor marched silently to the tharavaadu of K. R. Narayanan and paid him reverent homage.

From the sidelines of society

About his life and its message,[47] K. R. Narayanan said:

I see and understand both the symbolic as well as the substantive elements of my life. Sometimes I visualise it as a journey of an individual from a remote village on the sidelines of society to the hub of social standing. But at the same time I also realise that my life encapsulates the ability of the democratic system to accommodate and empower marginalised sections of society.

Notes

  1. ^ Manmohan Singh: Condolence message. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  2. ^ a b c Interview with K. R. Narayanan on Independence day, 15 Aug. 1998; by N. Ram, Editor, Frontline ["K. R. Narayanan in conversation with N. Ram", The Hindu, 10 Nov. 2005. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006].
  3. ^ K. R. Narayanan's interview with M. K. Gandhi, 10 Apr. 1945; given in full in H. Y. Sharada Prasad: "How an interview with Gandhi was spiked", The Asian Age, n.d. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  4. ^ LSE counts K. R. Narayanan among its distinguished alumni; his portrait has been unveiled and placed in a position of honour; B. R. Ambedkar is the only other Indian to have been similarly honoured. (Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.)
  5. ^ Some of his experiences as a Tata fellow are recounted here. (Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.)
  6. ^ Gopalkrishna Gandhi: "A remarkable life-story", Frontline 22 (24), 5-18 Nov. 2005. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  7. ^ Haresh Pandya: "K. R. Narayanan: Indian president from downtrodden caste", The Guardian, 29 Nov. 2005. Retrieved 6 Mar. 2006.
  8. ^ a b c d e f P. T. Thomas: "Interview with K. R. Narayanan", Maanavasamskruthi 1 (8), February 2005, in Malayalam. English translation of part of the interview, at CHRO web page: Part I; Part II. Additional translation of question on his relationship with the Left front in "Narayanan criticises Vajpayee for Gujarat riots", The Hindu, 10 Nov. 2005. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  9. ^ His speech at Peking University while on a state visit, briefly describes his vision of relations between India and China. (Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.) Narayanan spoke Chinese, and had a scholarly knowledge of Chinese culture and history, particularly the cultural exchanges between the two countries. His visit as President eased tensions that had developed with China after the Pokhran nuclear tests.
  10. ^ His banquet speech welcoming Bill Clinton to Rashtrapati Bhavan briefly describes his vision of relations between India and the USA. (Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.)
  11. ^ Results of Presidential poll, 17 Jul. 1997. Archived Aug. 1997.
  12. ^ K. R. Narayanan: Inaugural address, 25 Jul. 1997. Archived Aug. 1997.
  13. ^ K. R. Narayanan: Address on the golden jubilee of Indian independence, 15 Aug. 1997. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  14. ^ I. K. Gujral: Address to the nation from the ramparts of the Red fort on the golden jubilee of Indian independence, 15 Aug. 1997. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  15. ^ a b Sukumar Muralidharan: "A role for the President", Frontline 15 (5), 7-20 Mar. 1998. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  16. ^ a b Sukumar Muralidharan: "A presidential intervention", Frontline 18 (3), 3-16 Feb. 2001. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  17. ^ a b c d e K. R. Narayanan: Address to the nation on the golden jubilee of the Republic, 26 Jan. 2000. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  18. ^ V. Venkatesan: "A wake-up call", Frontline 17 (3), 5-18 Feb. 2000. Retrieved 17 Mar. 2006.
  19. ^ Ammu Joseph: "Areas of darkness", Humanscape, April 2000
  20. ^ P. Sainath:"Iron in the soul, decay in the brain", Frontline 17 (3), 5-18 Feb. 2000. Retrieved 17 Mar. 2006.
  21. ^ K. R. Narayanan: Address to parliament on the golden jubilee of the Republic, 26 Jan. 2000. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  22. ^ a b K. R. Narayanan: Address on Republic day, 26 Jan. 2001. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  23. ^ Sukumar Muralidharan, V. Venkatesan: "A presidential intervention", Frontline 17 (3), 5 - 18 Feb. 2000. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  24. ^ K. R. Narayanan: Rashtrapati Bhavan communique concerning the dissolution of the eleventh Lok Sabha, 4 Dec, 1997. Archived Jan. 1998.
  25. ^ K. R. Narayanan: Rashtrapati Bhavan communique concerning the appointment of the Prime minister, 15 Mar. 1998. Archived Feb. 1999.
  26. ^ K. R. Narayanan: Rashtrapati Bhavan communique concerning the dissolution of the twelfth Lok Sabha, 26 Apr. 1999. Archived Feb. 2001.
  27. ^ K. R. Narayanan: Rashtrapati Bhavan communique concerning the appointment of the Prime minister, 11 Oct. 1999. Archived Oct. 2000
  28. ^ Venkitesh Ramakrishnan, Praveen Swami: "A crisis defused", Frontline 14 (22), 1-14 Nov. 1997. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  29. ^ Praveen Swami, Sudha Mahalingam: "The BJP's Bihar fiasco", Frontline 15 (21), 10-23 Oct. 1998. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  30. ^ Praveen Swami: "A new chief for the Army", Frontline 20 (2), 18-31 Jan. 2003. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  31. ^ V. Venkatesan: "Political echoes", Frontline 16 (15), 17-30 Jul. 1999. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  32. ^ K. R. Narayanan: Speech while inaugurating the new complex of the Kerala Legislature, 22 May 1998. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  33. ^ a b K. R. Narayanan: Message on the first World convention of the Dalit international organisation in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 11 Oct. 1998. Archived Jun. 2006.
  34. ^ K. R. Narayanan: Address on Republic day, 26 Jan. 2002. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  35. ^ Bhopal declaration. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  36. ^ V. K. Madhavan Kutty: "Behind the leak", Frontline 16 (3), 30 Jan. - 12 Feb. 1999. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  37. ^ Sukumar Muralidharan: "Wanted intervention, phoney controversy", Frontline 16 (3), 30 Jan. - 12 Feb. 1999. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  38. ^ K. R. Narayanan: Letter on the murder of Graham Staines and his two minor sons, 24 Jan. 1999. Archived Oct. 1999.
  39. ^ President stays away from Holi celebrations, 28 Mar. 2002. Archived Aug. 2002.
  40. ^ Press release on the President meeting with victims of Gujarat violence, 27 Apr. 2002. Archived Aug. 2002.
  41. ^ K. R. Narayanan: Message to the nation on Gujarat violence, 29 Apr. 2002. Archived Aug. 2002.
  42. ^ "Constitution limited my powers: Narayanan", The Hindu, 3 Mar. 2005. Retrieved Mar. 2006.
  43. ^ Purnima S. Tripathi, Sukumar Muralidharan: "Elusive consensus", Frontline 19 (12), 8-21 Jun. 2002. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  44. ^ V. Venkatesan: "The political dynamics", Frontline 19 (13), 22 Jun.-5 Jul. 2002. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  45. ^ K. R. Narayanan: Farewell address to the nation, 24 Jul. 2002. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  46. ^ Manmohan Singh: Speech on the dedication of K. R. Narayanan's tharavaadu for establishing a research centre in Indian medicine (Navajyothisree Karunakara Guru research centre for Siddha and Ayurveda), 15 Feb. 2005. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  47. ^ Venkitesh Ramakrishnan: "Citizen President", Frontline 22 (24), 5-18 Nov. 2005. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.

Narasimhan Ram (born May 4, 1945), is presently the Editor-in-chief of The Hindu started in 1878 as weekly and became a daily in 1889. ... Frontline (ISSN 0970-1710)is a fortnightly English language magazine published by The Hindu Group of publications from Chennai, India. ... The Guardian is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. ... Malayalam (മലയാളം ) is the language spoken predominantly in the state of Kerala, in southern India. ... Pokhran (also spelt Pokaran) is a city and a municipality in Jaisalmer district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. ... is the 142nd day of the year (143rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

Presidential addresses and other documents
Miscellaneous speeches and writings
Other links concerning his life
  • St. Mary's High School, Kuravilangad. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • C. M. S. College, Kottayam. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • University College, Trivandrum. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • J. N. Tata Scholarship. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • London School of Economics; K. R. Narayanan's portrait unveiled at LSE. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • Interview with K. R. Gowri and K. R. Bhaskaran, K. R. Narayanan's siblings in Uzhavoor, after the announcement of his candidature for the Presidency, Rediff, 1997. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • Results of Presidential poll; 17 July 1997. Archived Aug. 1997.
  • Assumption of office as President, 25 July 1997; India News, 1-15 Aug. 1997. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • Prime minister I. K. Gujral's address to the nation from the ramparts of the Red fort on the golden jubilee of Indian independence; 15 August 1997. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • Biography at Rashtrapati Bhavan during President K. R. Narayanan's term in office; Biography of First Lady Usha Narayanan. Archived Feb. 2002.
  • Navajyothisree Karunakara Guru research centre for Siddha and Ayurveda. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • Prime minister Manmohan Singh's speech on the dedication of K. R. Narayanan's tharavaadu for establishing a research centre in Indian medicine; 15 February 2005. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • Mari Marcel Thekaekara: "A President to be proud of", The Hindu, 22 April 2005. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
    • Commentary: Mari Marcel Thekaekara: "Insight into the person", The Hindu, 11 November 2005. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
Commentary by journalists
  • Amberish K. Diwanji: "The importance of a Dalit President", Rediff, Jul. 1997. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • Praveen Swami: "From demon to god", Frontline 14 (22), 1-14 Nov. 1997. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
    • Cites the report: "Dalit Hindu or Christian?", Rediff, 1997. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • Ajay Singh:"MAN OF HIS TIME",Asiaweek,Nov 14, 1997. Retrieved 18 Mar. 2006.
  • Venkitesh Ramakrishnan, Praveen Swami: "A crisis defused", Frontline 14 (22), 1-14 Nov. 1997. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • Sukumar Muralidharan: "A role for the President", Frontline 15 (5), 7-20 Mar. 1998. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • Praveen Swami, Sudha Mahalingam: "The BJP's Bihar fiasco", Frontline 15 (21), 10-23 Oct. 1998. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • Sukumar Muralidharan: "Wanted intervention, phoney controversy", Frontline 16 (3), 30 Jan. - 12 Feb. 1999. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • V. K. Madhavan Kutty: "Behind the leak", Frontline 16 (3), 30 Jan. - 12 Feb. 1999. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • V. Venkatesan: "Political echoes", Frontline 16 (15), 17-30 Jul. 1999. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • Praveen Swami: "A new chief for the Army", Frontline 20 (2), 18-31 Jan. 2003. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • Purnima S. Tripathi, Sukumar Muralidharan: "Elusive consensus", Frontline 19 (12), 8-21 Jun. 2002. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • V. Venkatesan: "The political dynamics", Frontline 19 (13), 22 Jun.-5 Jul. 2002. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • A. G. Noorani: "The Indian Presidency", Frontline 19 (13), 22 Jun.-5 Jul. 2002. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006
  • Sukumar Muralidharan: "Distinction and dignity: an assessment of K. R. Narayanan's eventful Presidential tenure", Frontline 19 (16), 3-16 Aug. 2002. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • A. G. Noorani: "The legacy of a President", Rediff, 23 Jul. 2002. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • Siriyavan Anand: "Caste, religion, and the Indian Presidency", Himal, Jul. 2002. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
Obituaries and reminiscences
  • Editorial of The Hindu: "A salute to Citizen Narayanan", The Hindu, 10 Nov. 2005. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • Gopalkrishna Gandhi: "KRN at the high table", The Hindu, 12 Nov. 2005. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • Gopalkrishna Gandhi: "A remarkable life-story", Frontline 22 (24), 5-18 Nov. 2005. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • Chandrabhan Prasad: "Losing a mentor", The Pioneer, 13 Nov. 2005. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • Venkitesh Ramakrishnan: "Citizen President", Frontline 22 (24), 5-18 Nov. 2005. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • V. B. Rawat: "A tribute to K. R. Narayanan", Countercurrents, 15 Nov. 2005. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • P. Sainath: "Compassion at the top", The Hindu, 11 November 2005. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • Manmohan Singh: Condolence message, 9 Nov. 2005. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
Biographies
  • Sita Ram Sharma: K. R. Narayanan: Just the President of India, Sublime Publications, 1998. ISBN 8185809232.
  • Darshan Singh: K. R. Narayanan: A journey from Uzhavoor to Raisina Hills, United Children's Movement, 1999.

is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar). ... December 4th redirects here. ... Year 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 74th day of the year (75th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... Narasimhan Ram (born May 4, 1945), is presently the Editor-in-chief of The Hindu started in 1878 as weekly and became a daily in 1889. ... Frontline (ISSN 0970-1710)is a fortnightly English language magazine published by The Hindu Group of publications from Chennai, India. ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Palagummi Sainath (1957-) is an award winning Indian development journalist - a term he himself avoids, instead preferring to call himself a rural reporter or simply reporter - and photojournalist focusing on social problems, rural affairs, poverty and the aftermaths of Globalization in India. ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 26th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 203rd day of the year (204th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... 2002 Gujarat violence refers to a series of riots and other incidents of mob violence that occurred in the Indian state of Gujarat in 2002. ... Thodupuzha (in malayalam: തൊടുപുഴ) is a town and a municipality in Idukki district in the Indian state of Kerala. ... The Kerala Legislative Assembly is the legislative branch of the Government of Kerala, one of the 28 states in India. ... Malayalam (മലയാളം ) is the language spoken predominantly in the state of Kerala, in southern India. ... is the 100th day of the year (101st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 142nd day of the year (143rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... January 24 is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ... December 10 is the 344th day (345th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, 21 days before the next year. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 87th day of the year (88th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... April 27 is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 248 days remaining. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 198th day of the year (199th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar). ... Dr. Manmohan Singh (Punjabi: , Hindi: ) is the 17th and current Prime Minister of India. ... is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Gopalkrishna Gandhi (born April 22, 1945), the youngest grandson of Mahatma Gandhi, was appointed in 2004 as the governor as the West Bengal. ... Chandra Bhan Prasad has become famous as the first Dalit to have a regular column in a Leading English Indian newspaper. ... Palagummi Sainath (1957-) is an award winning Indian development journalist - a term he himself avoids, instead preferring to call himself a rural reporter or simply reporter - and photojournalist focusing on social problems, rural affairs, poverty and the aftermaths of Globalization in India. ... Dr. Manmohan Singh (Punjabi: , Hindi: ) is the 17th and current Prime Minister of India. ...

Further reading

Books by K. R. Narayanan
  • Nehru and his vision, D. C. Books, Kottayam, 1999. ISBN 8126400390
  • India and America: essays in understanding, Second edition, Asia book corporation of America, 1998. ISBN 999764137X
  • Images and insights, D. C. Books, Kottayam.
  • Non-alignment in contemporary international relations (Joint authorship)
Speeches and writings by K. R. Narayanan
Commentary by journalists
  • Praveen Swami: "Protecting secularism and federal fair play", Frontline 14 (22), 1-14 Nov. 1997. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • A. G. Noorani: "The BJP and the Bommai case", Frontline 14 (24), 29 Nov.-12 Dec. 1997. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • Siriyavan Anand: "Untouchability is no 'internal matter' " Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
  • V. Venkatesan: "Judiciary and social justice", Frontline 17 (21), 14-27 Oct. 2000. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2006.
Preceded by
A. K. Balan		 Representative in the Lok Sabha for Ottapalam
1984-1992		 Succeeded by
S. Sivaraman
Preceded by
Shankar Dayal Sharma		 Vice-President of India
August 21, 1992-July 24, 1997		 Succeeded by
Krishan Kant
Preceded by
Shankar Dayal Sharma		 President of India
July 25, 1997-July 25, 2002		 Succeeded by
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
Flag of India Presidents of India Emblem India
Rajendra Prasad • Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan • Zakir Hussain • V. V. Giri • Muhammad Hidayat Ullah • V. V. Giri • Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed • Basappa Danappa Jatti • Neelam Sanjiva Reddy • Zail Singh • R. Venkataraman • Shankar Dayal Sharma • K. R. Narayanan • Abdul Kalam • Pratibha Patil


 

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