| Kabyles |
 | | | Total population | | 6 million (est.) Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Kabyle_people. ...
| | Regions with significant populations | Algeria –
Kabylia : 4 million
Algiers: 1 million (est.)
France: 1 million (est.)
This article focuses on the geographical area of Kabylie and its people. ...
“Alger†redirects here. ...
| | Languages | | Kabyle, French, Algerian Arabic | | Religions | | Islam, other | | Related ethnic groups | | other Berber peoples | The Kabyles are a Berber people whose traditional homeland is highlands of Kabylie (or Kabylia) in northeastern Algeria. Kabyle is a Berber language (Kabyle: ثاقبايليث , taqbaylit, pronounced ) spoken by the Kabyle people. ...
Algerian Arabic is the dialect or dialects of Arabic native to Algeria. ...
Islam (Arabic: ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ...
The Berbers (also called Amazigh people or Imazighen, free men, singular Amazigh) are an ethnic group autochtonous to Northwest Africa and speak various Berber languages. ...
The Berbers (also called Amazigh people or Imazighen, free men, singular Amazigh) are an ethnic group autochtonous to Northwest Africa and speak various Berber languages. ...
A homeland is the concept of the territory to which one belongs; usually, the country in which a particular nationality was born. ...
Kabylie or Kabylia is a mountainous area in the north of Algeria. ...
Their name derives from the name of the mountainous region in the north of Algeria which they traditionally inhabit. Their name means "tribes" (from the Arabic "qaba'il" which is the plural of "qabîlah" قبيلة tribe). They speak the Kabyle variety of Berber. Since the Berber Spring in 1980, Kabyles have been at the forefront of the fight for the official recognition of the Berber language in Algeria (see Languages of Algeria) "Al Qabayel" ("tribes"), but its inhabitants call it "Tamurt Idurar" (Land of Mountains) or "Tamurt Leqvayel" (Land of Kabyles). It is part of the Atlas Mountains and is located at the edge of the Mediterranean Sea. Kabyle is a Berber language (Kabyle: ثاقبايليث , taqbaylit, pronounced ) spoken by the Kabyle people. ...
The Berber languages (or Tamazight) are a group of closely related languages mainly spoken in Morocco and Algeria. ...
The Berber Spring (in Kabyle, Tafsut Imazighen or simply Tafsut) was a period of political mobilization, cultural and labor and street agitation, and criminalization of political activity in Kabylie. ...
The Berber languages (or Tamazight) are a group of closely related languages mainly spoken in Morocco and Algeria. ...
% speaking Berber in each wilaya in 1966 The official language of Algeria is Arabic, as specified in its constitution since 1963. ...
Map showing the location of the Atlas Mountains (colored red) across North Africa The Atlas Mountains (Arabic: ‎) are a mountain range in northwest Africa extending about 2,400 km (1,500 miles) through Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, and including The Rock of Gibraltar. ...
Composite satellite image of the Mediterranean Sea. ...
Language The principal language used by this people is Kabyle, used both at home and professionally. Speakers take pride in the Kabyle language and have resisted using Arabic. French is often also used in both trade and correspondence. Algerian Arabic is the next most-used second language. Kabyle is a Berber language (Kabyle: ثاقبايليث , taqbaylit, pronounced ) spoken by the Kabyle people. ...
Algerian Arabic is the dialect or dialects of Arabic native to Algeria. ...
Genetics - The Y chromosome is passed exclusively through the paternal line. The composition of Y Chromozome is: 48% E3b2, 12% E3b* (xE3b2), 17% R1*(xR1a) and 23% F*(xH, I,J2,K) ((Arredi et al., 2004) [1]), according to the method used by Bosch et al. 2001. We may summarize the historical origins of the Kabyle Y-chromosome pool as follows: 60% Northwest African Upper Paleolithic (H36/E3b* and H38/E3b2), 23% Neolithic (F*(xH, I,J2,K)) and 17% historic European gene flow (R1*(xR1a)). The NW African Upper Paleolithic component is identified as "an Upper Paleolithic colonization that probably had its origin in Eastern Africa."
- The mtDNA, by contrast, is inherited only from the mother and is: 30.65% H, 29.03% U* (with 17.74% U6), 3.23% preHV, 4.84% preV, 4.84% V, 3.23% T*, 4.84% J*, 3.23% L1, 4.84% L3e, 3.23% X, 3.23% M1, 1.61% N and R 3.23%. The mtDNA makeup of Kabyles is: 66.12% general Western Eurasian (H, J, U, T, K, X, V and I), 22.58% specific Northwest African (U6, L3E), 8.07% Asian (M1, N, R) and 3.23% sub-Saharan gene flow (L1-L3a).
The human Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes, it contains the genes that cause testis development, thus determining maleness. ...
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is DNA which is not located in the nucleus of the cell but in the mitochondria. ...
Religion Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ...
A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Turkish: Müslüman, Persian and Urdu: مسلمان, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ...
Political parties Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box: A political party is a political organization that seeks to attain political power within a government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns. ...
Politics of Algeria Categories: Algerian political parties | Politics stubs ...
The Rally for Culture and Democracy (French: Rassemblement pour la Culture et la Démocratie) is a political party in Algeria. ...
Secularity is the state of being without religious or spiritual qualities. ...
Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament. ...
Economy The traditional economy of the area is based on arboriculture (orchards, olive trees) and on the craft industry (tapestry or pottery). The mountain and hill farming is gradually giving way to local industry (textile and agro-alimentary). Good arboricultural care can reduce the risks of broken tree branches like this one Arboriculture is the selection, planting, care, and removal of individual trees, shrubs, vines, and other perennial woody plants, and the study of how they grow and respond to cultural practices and the environment. ...
A community apple orchard originally planted for productive use during the 1920s, in Westcliff on Sea (Essex, England) An orchard is an intentional planting of trees or shrubs maintained for food production. ...
For the Italian political alliance see Olive Tree, and the color, olive (color). ...
This article is about tapestry the textile. ...
Unfired green ware pottery on a traditional drying rack at Conner Prairie living history museum. ...
Politics - Two political parties dominate in Kabylie and have their principal support base there: the FFS, led by Hocine Aït Ahmed, and the RCD, led by Saïd Sadi. Both parties are secularist, Berberist and "Algerianist".
- The Arouch emerged during the Black Spring of 2001 as a revival of a traditional Kabyle form of democratic organization, the village assembly. The Arouch share roughly the same political views as the FFS and the RCD.
- The MAK (Movement for the Autonomy of Kabylie) also emerged during the Black Spring, and is a political association that militates for the autonomy of Kabylie.
The Socialist Forces Front (Front des Forces socialistes, FFS) is a Kabyle Berber-based social democratic political party in Algeria It was formed in 1963 by Hocine Ait Ahmed. ...
Hocine Aït Ahmed Hocine Ait Ahmed (born 20 August 1926 in Ain El Hammam, Kabylie) is an Algerian politician. ...
The Rally for Culture and Democracy (French: Rassemblement pour la Culture et la Démocratie) is a political party in Algeria. ...
Saïd Sadi Saïd Sadi (born 26 August 1947 in Aghribs, near Azazga) is an Algerian psychiatrist and Berber nationalist. ...
This article concerns secularism, the exclusion of religion and supernatural beliefs. ...
Berberism is a political and a social movement across North Africa among Berbers, Berberism aspires to the recognition of the Berber culture and its language(s), Berberists see Northwest Africans as principally Berbers whether they are Berber-speaking or Arabs-speaking as being Berbers. ...
In Algerian politics, Algerianist is a political label given to Kabyles who see Algeria as a nation-state in which Kabylie is a region. ...
Black Spring is a book published in 1936 by American writer Henry Miller on Obelisk Press in Paris, France. ...
Black Spring is a book published in 1936 by American writer Henry Miller on Obelisk Press in Paris, France. ...
History
Middle Ages The Fatimid dynasty of the 10th century originated in Petite Kabylie, where an Ismaili da'i found a receptive audience for his millennialist preaching, and ultimately led the Kutama tribe to conquer first Ifriqiya and then Egypt. After taking over Egypt, the Fatimids themselves lost interest in the Maghreb, which they left to their Berber deputies, the Zirids. The Zirid family soon split, with the Hammadid branch taking over Kabylie as well as much of Algeria, and the Zirids taking modern Tunisia. They had a lasting effect on not only Kabylie's but Algeria's development, refounding towns such as Bejaia (their capital after the abandonment of Qalaat Beni Hammad) and Algiers itself. The Fatimids, Fatimid Caliphate or al-FÄtimiyyÅ«n (Arabic الÙاطميون) is the Shia dynasty that ruled over varying areas of the Maghreb, Egypt, and the Levant from 5 January 910 to 1171. ...
The IsmÄÊ¿Ä«lÄ« (Urdu: اسماعیلی IsmÄÊ¿Ä«lÄ«, Arabic: الإسماعيليون al-IsmÄÊ¿Ä«liyyÅ«n; Persian: اسماعیلیان EsmÄÊ¿Ä«liyÄn) branch of Islam is the second largest part of the ShÄ«a community, after the Twelvers (IthnÄÊ¿ashariyya). ...
A caller to Islam is someone who invites or calls non-Muslims to become Muslims, and so is the Islamic equivalent of a Christian missionary; the activity of such a person is referred to as Dawah. ...
The Kutama were a Berber tribe, a member of the great Sanhaja confederation of the Maghreb. ...
In medieval history, Ifriqiya or Ifriqiyah (Arabic: Ø¥Ùريقية) was the area comprising the coastal regions of what are today western Libya, Tunisia, and eastern Algeria. ...
The Algerian bay (view from the west). ...
The Zirids were a Berber dynasty, originating in Petite Kabylie among the Kutama tribe, that ruled Ifriqiya (roughly, modern Tunisia), initially on behalf of the Fatimids, for about two centuries, until weakened by the Banu Hilal and finally destroyed by the Almohads. ...
The Hammadids, an offshoot of the Zirids, were a Berber dynasty who ruled an area roughly corresponding to modern Algeria for about a century and a half, until, weakened by the Banu Hilals incursions, they were destroyed by the Almohads. ...
Bejaïa is a port in Béjaïa province, Algeria. ...
Al Qala of Beni Hammad is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Algeria located close to the Algerian coast west of Algiers. ...
“Alger†redirects here. ...
After the Hammadids' collapse, the coast of Kabylie changed hands regularly, while much of the interior was often effectively unruled. Under the Ottoman Turks, most of Kabylie was inaccessible to the deys, who had to content themselves with occasional incursions and military settlements in some valleys. In the early part of the Ottoman period, the Belkadi family ruled much of Grande Kabylie from their capital of Koukou, now a small village near Tizi-Ouzou; however, their power declined in the 17th century. The Ottoman Turks were the ethnic subdivision of the Turkic people who dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire. ...
Modern age
The French colonization The area was gradually taken over by the French from 1857, despite vigorous local resistance by the local population led by leaders such as Lalla Fatma n Soumer, continuing as late as Cheikh Mokrani's rebellion in 1871. Much land was confiscated in this period from the more recalcitrant tribes and given to French pieds-noirs. Many arrests and deportations were carried out by the French, mainly to New Caledonia (see : “Kabyles du Pacifique”). Colonization also resulted in an acceleration of the emigration into other areas of the country and outside of it. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1029x810, 492 KB) Summary 1886 woodcut of Kabyle women, from Century Magazine May 1886-October 1886. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1029x810, 492 KB) Summary 1886 woodcut of Kabyle women, from Century Magazine May 1886-October 1886. ...
This article needs translation. ...
Cheikh Mokrani Mohamed El- Mokrani (1815 - 1871) was one of the principal leaders of the popular uprising at the end of 19th century following the French conquest in Algeria in 1830. ...
Pied-noir is a term for the former French colonists of North Africa, especially Algeria. ...
Deportation is the expelling of someone from a country. ...
Kabyles du Pacifique (Kabyles of the Pacific) were a group of men and women deported by French authorities to labor camps on the island of New Caledonia, after taking part in the 1870-1871 mainly Kabyle uprising against colonial rule. ...
Algerian immigrant workers in France organized the first party promoting independence in the 1920's. Messali Hadj, Imache Amar, Si Djilani, and Belkacem Radjef rapidly built a strong following throughout France and Algeria in the 1930's and actively developed militants that became vital to the future of both a fighting and an independent Algeria. During the war of independence (1954-1962), Kabylia was one of the areas that was most affected, because of the importance of the maquis, aided by the mountainous terrain, and French repression. The armed Algerian revolutionary resistance to French colonialism, the National Liberation Front (FLN) recruited several of its historical leaders there, including Hocine Aït Ahmed, Abane Ramdane, and Krim Belkacem. Messali Hadj (مصالي الØاج) was the founder of the Mouvement National Algérien, an early Algerian nationalist group and rival of the Front de Libération Nationale. ...
This article contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ...
Combatants FLN (1954-62) MNA (1954-62) France (1954-62) FAF (1960-61) OAS (1961-62) Commanders Mostefa Benboulaïd Ferhat Abbas Hocine Aït Ahmed Ahmed Ben Bella Krim Belkacem Larbi Ben MHidi Rabah Bitat Mohamed Boudiaf Messali Hadj General Jacques Massu General Maurice Challe Bachaga Said Boualam...
The term maquis may refer to: The Cameroonian maquis, guerrillas from the outlawed Union des Populations Camerounaises political party; The Corsican maquis democracy of the 18th century; The maquis shrublands found in France, Corsica, and elsewhere around the Mediterranean Sea; The French maquis, who resisted the Nazis during World War...
The National Liberation Front , (Arabic: Jabhat al-Taḩrīr al-Waţanī, French: Front de Libération Nationale aka FLN) is a socialist political party in Algeria. ...
Hocine Aït Ahmed Hocine Ait Ahmed (born 20 August 1926 in Ain El Hammam, Kabylie) is an Algerian politician. ...
Abane Ramdane Abane Ramdane was an Algerian revolutionarist born in Kabylie, He was the architect of the Soummam platform in 1956. ...
Krim Belkacem Krim Belkacem (September 14, 1922 - October 18, 1970) was an Algerian revolutionary fighter and politician. ...
After the independence of Algeria Tensions have arisen between Kabylia and the central government on several occasions, initially in 1963, when the FFS party of Hocine Aït Ahmed contested the authority of the single party (FLN). In 1980, several months of demonstrations demanding the officialization of the Berber language took place in Kabylie, called the Berber Spring. The politics of identity intensified as the Arabization movement in Algeria gained steam in the 1990s. In 1994–1995, a school boycott occurred, termed the "strike of the school bag". In June and July of 1998, the area blazed up again after the assassination of singer Matoub Lounes and at the time that a law generalizing the use of the Arabic language in all fields went into effect. In the months following April, 2001 (called the Black Spring), major riots — together with the emergence of the Arouch, neo-traditional local councils — followed the killing of a young Kabyle Masinissa Guermah by gendarmes, and gradually died down only after forcing some concessions from the President, Abdelaziz Bouteflika. FFS can stand for: Front des Forces socialistes or the Front of Socialist Forces, an Algerian political party. ...
Hocine Aït Ahmed Hocine Ait Ahmed (born 20 August 1926 in Ain El Hammam, Kabylie) is an Algerian politician. ...
The Berber Spring (in Kabyle, Tafsut Imazighen or simply Tafsut) was a period of political mobilization, cultural and labor and street agitation, and criminalization of political activity in Kabylie. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ...
In 2001, a young Kabyle activist (Guermah Massinissa) was arrested with no reason by the gendarmes and was accidentally killed inside the gendarmerie. ...
The Berber Arouch Citizens Movement, or simply Arouch, is an organization representing Algerian Berbers. ...
Massinissa Guermah of northern Algeria was a young Kabyle (Berber) killed by gendarmes in 2001. ...
Abdelaziz Bouteflika (عبد العزيز بوتÙليقة) (born March 2, 1937) is the President of Algeria (since 1999). ...
See also Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...
Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...
// Isabelle Adjani, actress, Kabyle father, German mother Ferhat Mhenni, Singer, Politician Spokesman of the Movement of the the Kabyle Autonomy. ...
Kabyle is a Berber language (Kabyle: ثاقبايليث , taqbaylit, pronounced ) spoken by the Kabyle people. ...
The Berbers (also called Amazigh people or Imazighen, free men, singular Amazigh) are an ethnic group autochtonous to Northwest Africa and speak various Berber languages. ...
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