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Encyclopedia > Kadakali
Face of a Kathakali artist (Kathi Vesham)
Face of a Kathakali artist (Kathi Vesham)

Kathakali (Malayalam:കഥകളി , Sanskrit:कथकळि) is a form of Indian dance-drama. It originated in the Indian state of Kerala during the [17th] century C.E. The Raja of Kottarakara is the earliest exponent of this art. It is considered to be one of the oldest dance forms in India. It is a spectacular combination of drama, dance, music and ritual. Characters with vividly painted faces and elaborate costumes re-enact stories from the Hindu epics, Mahabharatha and Ramayana. Kathakali is featured in the award-winning Indo-French-German produced film Vaanaprastham. Kathakali is traditionally performed in the Hindu temple, but nowadays may also be seen in theatre performances . Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1224x1532, 271 KB) Summary Painted & Photographed by Pratheepps Licensing The face of a Kathakali artist Kerala, India File links The following pages link to this file: India User:Pratheepps ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1224x1532, 271 KB) Summary Painted & Photographed by Pratheepps Licensing The face of a Kathakali artist Kerala, India File links The following pages link to this file: India User:Pratheepps ... Malayalam (മലയാളം ) is the language spoken predominantly in the state of Kerala, in southern India. ... The Sanskrit language ( , ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 22 official languages of India. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Kerala ( ; Malayalam: കേരളം, — ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Mahabharata (Devanagari: महाभारत, phonetically Mahābhārata - see note), sometimes just called Bharata, is the great religious, philosophical and mythological epic of India. ... The (DevanāgarÄ«: ) is an ancient Sanskrit epic attributed to the poet Valmiki and is an important part of the Hindu canon (smá¹›ti). ... Vaanaprastham (The Last Dance) (1999) is an Indo-French-German produced feature film, directed by Shaji N. Karun. ...


Kathakali is considered to be a combination of five forms of fine art:

Contents

This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Music is a form of art and entertainment or other human activity that involves organized and audible sounds and silence. ... The Mona Lisa is one of the most recognizable artistic paintings in the Western world. ... Link title:For legal meaning of acting, see Acting (law). ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ...

Kathakali plays

Almost always, the viewer is told or is supposed to have knowledge of the story being enacted before the start of a Kathakali play.


The most popular stories enacted are Nala Charitam (a story from the MahabharataA stNala, Duryodhana Vadham (a story from the Mahabharata), Kalyanasowgandhikam (the story of Bhima going to get flowers for Panchali, from the Mahabharata), Keechaka Vadham (another story of Bhima and Panchali, from the Mahabharata), Kiratham (Arjuna and Lord Shiva's fight, from the Mahabharata), Karna Shapadham (another story from Mahabharata). Nala is a character in Hindu mythology. ... Manuscript illustration of the Battle of Kurukshetra The (Devanagari: ), is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the . ... Nala is a character in Hindu mythology. ... Manuscript illustration of the Battle of Kurukshetra The (Devanagari: ), is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the . ... A motif depicting Bheema in the battle ready posture. ... Krishna to Arjuna: Behold My mystic opulence! Arjuna (Sanskrit: अर्जुन, arjuna) is one of the heroes of the Hindu epic Mahabharata. ... Shiva (English IPA: Sanskrit: शिव; Hindi: शिव; Malayalam ശിവന്‍; Tamil: சிவன் (when used to distinguish lordly status), also known as Siva and written Śiva in the official IAST transliteration, pronounced as ) is a form of Ishvara or God in the later Vedic scriptures of Hinduism. ...


Recently, as part of an attempt at popularizing the art, stories from other cultures, such as the story of Mary Magdalene from the Bible, and Shakespeare's King Lear have also been adapted into Kathakali scripts. Mary Magdalene is described, both in the canonical New Testament and in the New Testament apocrypha, as a devoted disciple of Jesus. ... For other uses, see Bible (disambiguation). ... William Shakespeare—born April 1564; baptised April 26, 1564; died April 23, 1616 (O.S.), May 3, 1616 (N.S.)—has a reputation as the greatest of all writers in English. ... Title page of the first quarto edition, published in 1608 King Lear is generally regarded as one of William Shakespeares greatest tragedies. ...


Music

The language of the songs used for Kathakali is a mix of Malayalam and Sanskrit. Several poets like Unnayi Warrier have contributed a Kathakali script which is called Kathakali Padam. Each "Padam" is a poem recited in one of the Karnatic music ragas. Malayalam (മലയാളം ) is the language spoken predominantly in the state of Kerala, in southern India. ... The Sanskrit language ( , ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 22 official languages of India. ... Unnayi Warrier is a renowned writer who lived in Kerala about three hundred years ago. ...


Performance

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performance of Kathakali in Kochi

The Kathakali show is usually conducted at night and ends in early morning. The actors will be accompanied by percussionists and singers. The lead singer controls the entire show with rhythmic beats of a special musical instrument. Mridangam, Chenda and Ilathalam are used in kathakali. The actors never speak. They use gestures instead of dialogues. A lighted nilavilakku (traditional lamp of Hindus) can also be seen which is called Attavilakku. Nalacharitham Attakkatha was written by Unnai varrier is an excellent piece of attakkatha. Kochi (Malayalam: കൊച്ചി []), formerly known as Cochin, is the largest city in the state of Kerala, India, and one of the principal seaports in the country. ... Percussion instruments are played by being struck, shaken, rubbed or scraped. ... Ercole de Roberti: Concert, c. ...


Acting

A Kathakali actor uses immense concentration, skill and physical stamina, gained from training based on Kalaripayattu, the ancient martial art of Kerala, to prepare for his demanding role. Training can often last for around 8-10 years before the actor can be considered acceptable. Children often start their training at five years old, and the training programme is intensive. In Kathakali, the story is enacted purely by the movements of the hands (called mudras or actions) and by facial expressions and bodily movements. A Kathakali dancer has perfect control over the facial muscles and can express the various emotions ('lasyams') with skill. Dancers also learn to control their eye movements and can achieve extreme movements of their eyes and controlled dysconjugate ("cross-eyed") gaze. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Hawaiian State Grappling Championships. ...


There are 24 main mudras and numerous other lesser mudras. Each can again can be classified into 'Samaana-mudras'(one mudra symbolizing two entities) or misra-mudras (both the hands are used to show these mudras). The mudras are a form of sign language used to tell the story. Contents // Categories: Stub ...


The main facial expressions of a Kathakali artist are the 'navarasams' ( 'Navarasas' in anglicised form )(literal translation: Nine Tastes, but more loosely translated as nine feelings or expressions) which are Sringaaram (amour), Haasyam (ridicule, humour), Bhayam (fear), Karunam (pathos), Rowdram (anger, wrath), Veeram (valour), Beebhatsam (disgust), Adbhutham (wonder, amazement), Saantham (tranquility, peace).


Drummers, singers, make-up artists and costumers complete the ensemble of highly trained specialists, to present a Kathakali performance. A session drummer at practice A drummer is a musician who plays the drums, particularly the drum kit, marching percussion, or hand drums. ... Ercole de Roberti: Concert, c. ... Cosmetics or makeup are substances to enhance the beauty of the human body, apart from simple cleaning. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ...


Make-up

A Kathakali artist putting on make-up in Kochi, Kerala.
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A Kathakali artist putting on make-up in Kochi, Kerala.

One of the most interesting aspects of Kathakali is its elaborate make-up code. The make-up has five main parts to it namely Pacha, Kathi, Kari, Thaadi, and Minukku (meaning green, knife, black, beard or jaw, and polish). Characters are categorized according to their nature. This determines the colours used in the make-up. The faces of noble male characters, such as virtuous kings, the divine hero Rama, etc., are predominantly green. Characters of high birth who have an evil streak, such as the demon king Ravana, are allotted a similar green make-up, slashed with red marks on the cheeks. Extremely angry or excessively evil characters wear predominantly red make-up and a flowing red beard. Forest dwellers such as hunters are represented with a predominantly black make-up base. Women and ascetics have lustrous, yellowish faces. Lord Rama (center) with wife Sita, brother Lakshmana and devotee Hanuman. ... A dipiction of Ravana, Hindu rakshasa King of Lanka In Hindu mythology, Ravana (Devanagari: रावण, IAST ; sometimes transliterated Raavana and as Ravan) is the principal antagonist of the Hindu epic, the Ramayana. ...


The make up is made from various pigments which are ground on a stone and mixed with coconut oil before being applied. Some characters also have their features enhanced, such as an enlarged nose or an elaborate mustache. There are made using paper stuck to the face with rice paste. Dancers place a chilli seed under their lower eyelid before the performance to turn the white of their eyes red.


Other forms

Kerala Natanam is a new dance form developed and stylised by the illustrious dancer Dr. Guru Gopinath. Kerala Natanam is a new style of dancing evolved from Kathakali. ... Natana Kala Nidhi Dr. Guru Gopinath (June 24, 1908 - October 9, 1987). ...


Awards for Kathakali artistes

Sangeet Natak Akademi Awardees Kathakali (1956-2005)

Famous Kathakali actors

See also

Mohiniaattam Indian classical dance is performed in different styles. ... Kerala is well known for its diverse forms of performing arts. ... Mohiniaattam (മൊഹിനിയാട്ടം) (also spelled as mohiniattam or mohiniyattam) is a traditional South Indian dance form from Kerala, India. ... Koodiyattam Koodiyattam is a traditional performing artform from Kerala, India. ... An Ottamthullal performance Ottamthullal is a type of performing arts from Kerala, India. ... Panchavadyam is a classic performance of different musical instruments that are unique to Kerala state of India, where five instruments are involved in a breathtaking-fastmoving act of percussion (Pancha in Sanskrit means five). ... Kerala Kalamandalam is a major center for learning Indian Performing Arts especially those that developed in the South Indian state of Kerala. ... Kerala Folklore Akademi is located at Kannur, in Kerala state, South India. ...

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