Kaiserwald was a Nazi concentration camp near a village outside Riga.

Kaiserwald was built in March, 1943, during the period that the German army occupied the Baltic states. The first inmates of the camp were several hundred convicts from Germany.

Following the liquidation of the Riga, Liepaja and Dvinsk ghettos in June, 1943, the remainder of the Jews of Latvia, along with most of the survivors of the liquidation of the Vilnius ghetto, were deported to Kaiserwald.

In early 1944, a number of smaller camps around Riga were brought under the jurisdiction of the Kaiserwald camp.

Following the occupation of Hungary by the Germans, 400,000 Hungarian Jews were sent to Kaiserwald, as were a number of Jews from Łódź, in Poland. By March 1944, there were 11,878 inmates in the camp and its subsidiaries, 6,182 males and 5,696 females, of whom only 95 were gentiles.

Use of the inmates

Unlike Auschwitz or Treblinka, Kaiserwald was not an extermination camp, and the inmates were put to work by large German companies, notably Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft, which used a large number of female slaves from Kaiserwald in the production of electrical goods.

Evacuation

In 1945, as the Red Army advanced westwards and entered the Baltic states, the Germans began to evacuate the inmates of Kaiserwald to Stutthof, in Poland. Those who were not thought to be able to survive the trip from Latvia to Poland were shot.

All Jews in Kaiserwald who had ever been convicted of any offense, no matter how minor, was executed just prior to the evacuation, as were all Jews under 18 or over 30. By September, 1944, all the inmates of Kaiserwald had been moved to Stutthof.

The Red Army liberated the camp on October 13, 1944.

External links

• KAISERWALD at RIGA (http://migs.concordia.ca/memoirs/rodak-izso/rodak15.html)
• Museum of Tolerance - Kaiserwald (http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/text/x12/xm1201.html)