|
The Kakatiya dynasty was a South Indian dynasty that ruled parts of what is now Andhra Pradesh, India from 1083 to 1323. It was one of the great Telugu kingdoms that lasted for centuries. This article is about the History of South Asia. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Afghanistan. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Bangladesh. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Bhutan. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Maldives. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Nepal. ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Sri_Lanka. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
The archaeological record in India (encompassing the territory of the modern nations of the Republic of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh) shows first traces of Homo sapiens from ca. ...
The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic in South Asia. ...
Mehrgarh was an ancient settlement in South Asia and is one of the most important sites in archaeology for the study of the earliest neolithic settlements in that region. ...
Excavated ruins of Mohenjo-daro. ...
The Cemetery H culture developed out of the northern part of the Indus Valley Civilization around 1900 BC, in and around the Punjab region. ...
The time period in the history of India known as the Vedic period or Vedic age is the period of the composition of the sacred texts called Vedas and other such texts in Vedic Sanskrit. ...
This article tries to compile and classify all the kingdoms of ancient India mentioned in the Sanskrit/Vedic literature. ...
This does not cite its references or sources. ...
Magadha was an ancient kingdom of India, mentioned in both the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. ...
The Maurya Empire, ruled by the Mauryan dynasty, was the largest and most powerful political and military empire of ancient India. ...
Middle kingdoms of India refers to the political entities in India from the 6th century BCE through to the Islamic invasions and the related Decline of Buddhism from the 7th century CE. // Kingdoms and Empires The Aryans had invaded India from the Northwest, according to the Aryan Invasion Theory, and...
The SÄtavÄhanas (Marathi:सातवाहन Telugu:సాతవాహనà±à°²à±), also known as the Andhras, were a dynasty which ruled from Junnar, Pune over Southern and Central India starting from around 230 BCE. Although there is some controversy about when the dynasty came to an end, the most liberal estimates suggest that it lasted...
Boundary of the Kushan empire, c. ...
The Gupta Empire under Chandragupta II (ruled 375-415) The Gupta Empire was one of the largest political and military empires in ancient India. ...
Buddha and Bodhisattvas, 11th century, Pala Empire. ...
The Chola Dynasty (Tamil: , IPA: ) was a Tamil dynasty that ruled primarily in southern India until the 13th century. ...
During the middle ages, several Islamic regimes established empires in South Asia. ...
The Delhi Sultanate (دلی سلطنت), or Sulthanath-e-Hind (سلطنت٠Ûند) / Sulthanath-e-Dilli (سلطنت٠دلی) refers to the various Muslim dynasties that ruled in India from 1210 to 1526. ...
The Deccan sultanates were five Muslim-ruled kingdoms–-Bijapur, Golconda, Ahmednagar, Bidar, and Berar of south-central India. ...
The Hoysala Empire ruled part of southern India from 1000 to 1346. ...
The Kakatiya Dynasty was a South Indian dynasty that ruled parts of what is now Andhra Pradesh, India from 1083 to 1323. ...
The Vijayanagara empire was based in the Deccan, in peninsular and southern India, from 1336 onwards. ...
The Mughal Empire (Persian: ‎ , Urdu: Ù…ØºÙ„ÛŒÛ Ø³Ù„Ø·Ù†Øª), self-designation GurkÄnÄ«, گوركانى (which was also the self-designation of the Timurids in Central Asia and Khorasan) was an empire that at its greatest territorial extent ruled eastern parts of Khorasan (i. ...
Extent of the Maratha Confederacy ca. ...
In 1498, the Portuguese set foot in Goa. ...
Britains holdings on the Indian subcontinent were granted independence in 1947 and 1948, becoming four new independent states: India, Burma (now Myanmar), Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), and Pakistan (including East Pakistan, modern-day Bangladesh). ...
The history of Assam is the history of a confluence of peoples from the east, west and the north; the confluence of the Indo-Aryan, Austro-Asiatic and the Tibeto-Burman cultures. ...
Buddha and Bodhisattvas, 11th century, Pala Empire Further information: History of Bangladesh The history of Bengal (including Bangladesh and West Bengal) dates back four millennia. ...
The historical regions of Pakistan are former states, provinces and territories which mainly existed between 1947 and 1975 when the current provinces and territories were finally established. ...
The first known use of the word Punjab is in the book Tarikh-e-Sher Shah (1580), which mentions the construction of a fort by Sher Khan of Punjab. The name is mentioned again in Ain-e-Akbari (part 1), written by Abul Fazal, who also mentions that the territory...
Sindh (Sind) (Sindhi: سنڌ ,Urdu: سندھ, Hindi: सिनà¥à¤§) is one of the provinces of Pakistan. ...
The history of South India covers a span of over two thousand years during which the region saw the rise and fall of a number of dynasties and empires. ...
Tibet is situated between the two ancient civilizations of China and India, but the tangled mountain ranges the Tibetan Plateau and the towering Himalayas serve to distance it from both. ...
The following list of Indian monarchs is one of several lists of incumbents. ...
Indology is a name given by indologists to the academic study of the history, languages, and cultures of South Asia. ...
Indian literature is generally acknowledged, but not wholly established, as the oldest in the world. ...
India has had a maritime history dating back around 5,000 years. ...
Science and technology in ancient India covered all the major branches of human knowledge and activities, including mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, medical science and surgery, fine arts, mechanical and production technology, civil engineering and architecture, shipbuilding and navigation, sports and games. ...
This is a timeline of Indian history. ...
South India is a linguistic-cultural region of India that comprises the four Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Pondicherry, whose inhabitants are collectively referred to as South Indians. ...
// For other uses, see Dynasty (disambiguation). ...
Andhra Pradesh : (Telugu: ఆంధà±à°° à°ªà±à°°à°¦à±‡à°¶à±, Urdu: آندھرا پردیش, IPA: ), is a state in South India. ...
Events Sancho I of Aragon conqueres Graus. ...
Events Canonization of Saint Thomas Aquinas Lithuania: Vilnius becomes capital August 12 - The Treaty of Nöteborg between Sweden and Novgorod (Russia) is signed, regulating the border for the first time Pharos of Alexandira Lighthouse (one of the Seven Wonders of the world) is destroyed by a series of earthquakes...
Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...
Origins The Kakatiya’s ascent to power can be traced to the reign of the Western Chalukyas. Kakartya Gundyana, a subordinate of the Eastern Chalukyan monarch, Amma II (945 CE-970 CE), established the Kakatiya dynasty. The dynasty's name comes either from its association with a town known as Kakatipura (since the kings bore the title “Kakatipuravallabha”) or from their worship of a goddess called Kakati. A temple dedicated to godess Kakatamma exists in Warangal so Kakatipura could be another name for Warangal itself. Inscriptional evidence points out that the Kakatiyas were Sudras and that they were members of the Durjaya family. The Western Chalukyas ruled the western Deccan in South India between the tenth and the thirteenth centuries CE. They were related to the Chalukya dynasty of Badami who were a powerful dynasty who reigned over most of the Deccan between the seventh and the eight centuries. ...
Eastern Chalukyas were a South Indian dynasty whose kingdom was located in the present day Andhra Pradesh. ...
For the district, see Warangal district. ...
For the district, see Warangal district. ...
Shudra or Sudra is the fourth Varna in the traditional four-section division in historic Indian society. ...
Early History Gundaya (950 CE) was the first known historical figure among the Kakatiyas. He sacrificed his life in the service of the Rashtrakuta ruler Krishna II while fighting against the Eastern Chalukyas. The grateful Krishna II placed Gundaya's son Eriya in charge of Kurravadi near Warangal. This kingdom was created as a check on the Mudigonda Chalukyas on the eastern borders of the Rashtrakuta Empire. Eriya made Kakatipura his capital. Eriya's grandson Kakartya Gundyana rendered help on behalf of his master Krishna III to Danarnava in setting aside his brother Amma II and occupying the throne of Vengi, as a result of which he got Natavadi as a token of gratitude. Gundyana's son and successor Betaraja I took advantage of the Chalukya-Chola conflict and carved out for himself a small principality. His son and successor Prola I obtained by way of grant, Hanumamakonda from Somesvara I. Beta II, son and successor of Prola, ruled between 1076 CE and 1108 CE. During his period, Hanumakonda became the capital of the Kakatiyas. Prola II the younger brother of Beta II was the most famous among the early Kakatiya rulers. When the Chalukyan power began to decline, Prola II took advantage of the confused situation and proclaimed independence. He made extensive conquests in Telangana. He also defeated and killed Gunda, the ruler of Mantrakuta (Nuzividu taluk of Krishna district) and annexed it to his kingdom. However, in his attempts to occupy the Velanati kingdom he lost his life at the hands of Rajendra Choda, the prince of the Velanati Telugu Chodas of Chandolu. This was the emergence of the Kakatiya dynasty in its own right. Jain cave in Ellora The Rastrakutas (Sanskrit/Maharashtri Prakrit [1]/Marathi[2][3]:राषà¥à¤Ÿà¥à¤°à¤•à¥‚ट, Kannada: ರಾಷà³à²Ÿà³à²°à²•à³‚ಟ) were a dynasty which ruled the southern and the central parts or the Deccan, India during the 8th - 10th century. ...
Eastern Chalukyas were a South Indian dynasty whose kingdom was located in the present day Andhra Pradesh. ...
For the district, see Warangal district. ...
The Chalukya dynasty (Kannada: ಚಾಲà³à²•à³à²¯à²°à³) was a powerful Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th century C.E. They began to assert their independence at the decline of the Satavahana empire and rapidly rose to prominence during the reign of...
Jain cave in Ellora The Rastrakutas (Sanskrit/Maharashtri Prakrit [1]/Marathi[2][3]:राषà¥à¤Ÿà¥à¤°à¤•à¥‚ट, Kannada: ರಾಷà³à²Ÿà³à²°à²•à³‚ಟ) were a dynasty which ruled the southern and the central parts or the Deccan, India during the 8th - 10th century. ...
// Vengi dynasties Vengi kingdom extended from River Godavari in the north to Mount MahendraGiri in the southeast and to just below the southern banks of River Krishna in the south. ...
The Chalukya dynasty (Kannada: ಚಾಲà³à²•à³à²¯à²°à³) was a powerful Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th century C.E. They began to assert their independence at the decline of the Satavahana empire and rapidly rose to prominence during the reign of...
The Cholas were the most famous of the three dynasties that ruled ancient Tamil Nadu. ...
The Chalukya dynasty (Kannada: ಚಾಲà³à²•à³à²¯à²°à³) was a powerful Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th century C.E. They began to assert their independence at the decline of the Satavahana empire and rapidly rose to prominence during the reign of...
Location of Telangana region Telangana region marked in white. ...
Map showing krishna district Krishna District is a district of Indias Andhra Pradesh state. ...
Tsandavolu or Chandolu is a small village situated in Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh, India. ...
Rudradeva Prola II was succeeded by Rudradeva (1158 - 1195). Rudradeva, also known as Prataparudra I, was the eldest son of Prola II. By the year 1162 CE, Rudradeva vanquished a number of his enemies and transformed his petty principality into an extensive kingdom. Rudradeva devoted the later part of his reign to the conquest of the coastal region. He consolidated and pushed the kingdom to the north up to the Godavari delta. He built a fort at Warangal to serve as a second capital. During the years 1176-82 CE the battle of Palanadu was fought. Rudradeva rendered military assistance to Nalagama's faction. In this battle, the military strength of Velanadu had got weakened. Exploiting the situation, Rudradeva led his forces into coastal Andhra and conquered upto Srisailam and Tripurantakam in the south. In the last year of his reign (1195 CE), he came into conflict with the Seunas (Yadavas) of Devagiri. Rudra suffered defeat and death in his encounter with Jaitrapala I. After Rudradeva's death and the imprisonment of his nephew Ganapati in the hands of the Yadavas, his younger brother Mahadeva ascended the throne and ruled the kingdom for a short span of about three years (1196-1198 CE). He led an expedition against the Yadava kingdom to avenge Rudra's death and also to release his son Ganapati. He lost his life in the battle. Events January 11 - Vladislav II becomes King of Bohemia End of the formal reign of Emperor Go-Shirakawa of Japan, also the beginning of his cloistered rule, which will last to his death in 1192. ...
Events Priory of St Marys, Bushmead, founded. ...
The Godavari River is a major waterway in India, next to the Ganges and Indus rivers. ...
Nile River delta, as seen from Earth orbit. ...
Fortifications (Latin fortis, strong, and facere, to make) are military constructions designed for defensive warfare. ...
For the district, see Warangal district. ...
Palnadu is the northern region of Guntur District in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. ...
Velandu is the name of the region on the banks of River Krishna in the ancient Telugu country. ...
Andhra Pradesh (ఆంధర దేశం), a state in South India, lies between 12°41 and 22°N latitude and 77° and 84°40E longitude . ...
Srisailam is a Jyothirlingam (Hindu shrine to Shiva) located in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, India. ...
The Seuna dynasty (850 - 1334), also called the Sevuna or Yadava dynasty during their peak ruled present day Maharashtra, north Karnataka and parts of Madhya Pradesh from their regal capital at Devgiri (Daulatabad) in Maharashtra. ...
Daulatabad (from Persian دولت‌آباد meaning Built by the Government), also called Deogiri or Devagiri, is a hill-fortress in Maharashtra state, India, in about 40 miles northwest of the city of Aurangabad in Aurangabad district. ...
The Yadava Dynasty ruled a kingdom in what is now Maharashtra, India from the 12th century to the 14th century. ...
The Yadava Dynasty ruled a kingdom in what is now Maharashtra, India from the 12th century to the 14th century. ...
Ganapatideva Following the death of Mahadeva disorder broke out in the kingdom. Recherla Rudra, the commander-in-chief of the Kakatiya ruler, saved the kingdom from crumbling. Ganapatideva was set free by Jaitrapala due to political considerations like his desire to secure himself against an attack from Warangal in the event of a conflict with the aggressive Hoyasalas in the south. Ganapatideva's reign lasted for 62 years. It is one of the most brilliant epochs in the history of Andhradesa. Ganapati during his long reign brought under his sway almost the whole land inhabited by the Telugu speaking people. Though Ganapatideva was alive until 1269 CE he handed over the threads of administration to his daughter Rudramadevi in 1262 A.D. itself and retired from active politics. Andhra Pradesh (ఆంధర దేశం), a state in South India, lies between 12°41 and 22°N latitude and 77° and 84°40E longitude . ...
Telugu may refer to: Telugu language Telugu literature Telugu people Telugu script Telugu films Look up Telugu in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Ganapatideva was known as the greatest of the Kakatiyas and the first after the Satavahanas to bring the entire Telugu area under one rule. He put an end to the rule of the Cholas in the year 1210 who accepted his suzerainty. He established order in his vast dominion and encouraged trade. It is around this period that the Golconda fort was constructed, as well as beautiful temples in the Kakatiya art form such as Ramappa Temple at the tiny village of Palampet outside of Warangal. The SÄtavÄhanas (Marathi:सातवाहन Telugu:సాతవాహనà±à°²à±), also known as the Andhras, were a dynasty which ruled from Junnar, Pune over Southern and Central India starting from around 230 BCE. Although there is some controversy about when the dynasty came to an end, the most liberal estimates suggest that it lasted...
Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...
The Cholas were a South Indian Tamil dynasty, antedating the early Sangam literature (c. ...
Events End of the reign of Emperor Tsuchimikado, emperor of Japan Emperor Juntoku ascends to the throne of Japan Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor excommunicated by Pope Innocent III for invading southern Italy in 1210 Gottfried von Strassburg writes his epic poem Tristan about 1210 Beginning of Delhi Sultanate Births...
Golconda is a ruined city and fortress 11 km west of the city of Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh state, India. ...
Ramappa Temple also known as the Ramalingeswara temple, is located 77 km from Warangal, the ancient capital of the Kakatiyas, 157 km from Hyderabad in the state of Andhra Pradesh in southern India. ...
For the district, see Warangal district. ...
 Figure S9: Thirteenth century Kakatiya Ganapati Deva inscription. Image File history File links Kakatiya_Ganapati_Deva_inscription. ...
Image File history File links Kakatiya_Ganapati_Deva_inscription. ...
Rudramadevi
 Queen Rudramma Devi The most prominent ruler in this dynasty was Rani Rudrama Devi 1262-1295 CE, one of the few queens in Indian history. She was born as Rudramba to Ganapathideva who had no sons. She was formally designated as a son through the ancient Putrika ceremony and given the male name of Rudradeva and declared the Queen. Despite initial misgivings by some of her generals who resented a female ruler, she suppressed the internal rebellions and external incursions. An able fighter and ruler Rudramba defended the kingdom from the Cholas and the Yadavas, earning their respect. She remains one of the few female powers of the south for all time. Image File history File links Rudrammadevi. ...
Rani Rudramadevi One of the most prominent rulers of the Kakatiya dynasty on the Deccan Plateau, Rani (queen) Rudramma Devi was one of the few queens in Indian history. ...
The Cholas were the most famous of the three dynasties that ruled ancient Tamil Nadu. ...
The Yadava Dynasty ruled a kingdom in what is now Maharashtra, India from the 12th century to the 14th century. ...
Prataparudra Rudramadevi died in the month of November, 1289 CE., fighting battle against the rebel Kayastha chief Ambadeva. On the death of Rudrama, her grandson Prataparudra, who was adopted by her as son and as heir apparent on the advice of her father Ganapatideva, ascended the throne at the beginning of the year 1280 CE. Prataparudra had to fight battles throughout his reign against either the internal rebels or the external foes. Prataparudra expanded borders towards the west, whilst introducing many administrative reforms, some of which were also later adopted in the Vijayanagar empire. The Vijayanagara empire was based in the Deccan, in peninsular and southern India, from 1336 onwards. ...
The Demise of the Dynasty The conquest of South India (Deccan) by the Delhi Sultanate started in 1296 when Alauddin Khilji, the son-in-Law and commander of the Sultan Jalaluddin raided and plundered Devagiri (Maharashtra). Khilji subsequently murdered the Sultan and took over the reins of the Sultanate. The glory and wealth of the Kakatiya kingdom attracted the attention of Khilji. The first foray into the Telugu kingdom was made in 1303 CE by the Sultan’s armies led by Malik Fakruddin. It was a disaster because of the valiant resistance of the Kakatiya army in the battle at Upparapalli (Karimnagar District). The second attempt was made in 1309 by Malik Kafur who managed to capture Siripur and Hanumakonda forts. Warangal fort was taken after a prolonged seize. Malik Kafur indulged in murder and mayhem around the fort which prompted King Prataparudra to make a pact and offer an enormous amount of tribute. Prataparudra asserted his independence in 1320 CE when there was a change of power in Delhi. The Khilji dynasty ended and Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq ascended the Delhi throne. Tughlaq sent his son Ulugh Khan in 1323 CE to defeat the defiant Kakatiya king. Ulugh Khan’s (Muhammad bin Tughluq) raid was repulsed but he returned in a month with a larger and determined army. The unprepared and battle-weary army of Warangal was finally defeated. The loot, plunder and destruction of Warangal continued for months. Loads of gold, diamonds, pearls and ivory were carried away to Delhi on elephants and camels. The Kohinoor diamond was part of the booty. The large population was forcibly converted to Islam, women were raped and molested and mosques were erected over the demolished temples. The vandalism and cruel atrocities of the Muslim army demoralized the common people who were unfamiliar with the methods adopted by the invaders. King Prataparudra was taken prisoner. He committed suicide by drowning himself in the river Narmada while being taken to Delhi. South India is a linguistic-cultural region of India that comprises the four Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Pondicherry, whose inhabitants are collectively referred to as South Indians. ...
The Delhi Sultanate (دلی سلطنت), or Sulthanath-e-Hind (سلطنت٠Ûند) / Sulthanath-e-Dilli (سلطنت٠دلی) refers to the various Muslim dynasties that ruled in India from 1210 to 1526. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Daulatabad (from Persian دولت‌آباد meaning Built by the Government), also called Deogiri or Devagiri, is a hill-fortress in Maharashtra state, India, in about 40 miles northwest of the city of Aurangabad in Aurangabad district. ...
Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराषà¥à¤Ÿà¥à¤° , English: , IPA: ) is Indias third largest state in terms of area and second largest in terms of population after Uttar Pradesh. ...
Khilji or Khalji was a ruling dynasty of Turkic origin that conquered and ruled northern India (1290-1320). ...
Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...
Karimnagar is a town and a Municipal Corporation in Karimnagar district is in the northern Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh state of India. ...
Malik Kafur ( - 1318 C.E.) was a eunuch general who conquered Tamil Nadu around 1310 C.E. Malik Kafur was a slave, who was purchased by Nusrat Khan. ...
For the district, see Warangal district. ...
Ghiyas ud din Tughluq Shah I was a Sultan of the Tughluq dynasty, the last of the five successive ruling parties during the Delhi Sultanate from 1206 to 1526 in Bengal. ...
A coin of Muhammad bin Tughlaq Muhammad bin Tughluq (Arabic: Ù…Øمد بن تغلق) (born c. ...
For the district, see Warangal district. ...
Koh-i-noor is Persian and means Mountain of Light. The Koh-i-Noor, Koh-i-Nur, or Kohinoor is a 108 carat diamond that originated in the subcontinent of India and belonged to various Indian and Persian rulers at different points in its history. ...
A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Turkish: Müslüman, Persian and Urdu: مسلمان, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ...
The Narmada or Nerbudda is a river in central India. ...
Musunuri Nayaks The Kakatiya dynasty ended and resulted in confusion and anarchy under alien rulers for sometime. Two cousins belonging to Musunuri clan under the leadership of Prolayanayaka who served as army chiefs for Kakatiya kingdom later united the Telugu people and recovered Warangal from the Delhi Sultanate and ruled for half a century. For the district, see Warangal district. ...
The Delhi Sultanate (دلی سلطنت), or Sulthanath-e-Hind (سلطنت٠Ûند) / Sulthanath-e-Dilli (سلطنت٠دلی) refers to the various Muslim dynasties that ruled in India from 1210 to 1526. ...
The Legacy The Kakatiya dynasty is regarded as one of the golden ages in Telugu history. The kingdom was ruled by Telugu speaking Hindu rulers who encouraged literature, art and architecture. The Thousand-pillar Temple in Hanumakonda (now merged with Warangal) stands as testimony to this. The famous Kohinoor diamond which was unearthed in Kollur on the banks of Krishna river during their reign, was among the booty carried to Delhi after the dynasty's fall. Ramappa Temple, located 77 km from Warangal and still intact today is an example of brilliant Kakatiya art and sculpture. Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...
This article discusses the adherents of Hinduism. ...
Koh-i-noor is Persian and means Mountain of Light. The Koh-i-Noor, Koh-i-Nur, or Kohinoor is a 108 carat diamond that originated in the subcontinent of India and belonged to various Indian and Persian rulers at different points in its history. ...
Kollur is a tiny hamlet situated at Kundapur, about 140 Kms away from Mangalore. ...
Krishna with Radharani, 18th C Rajasthani painting Krishna (कृषà¥à¤£ in Devanagari, in IAST ) is a deity famously worshipped throughout the traditions of Hinduism. ...
Ramappa Temple also known as the Ramalingeswara temple, is located 77 km from Warangal, the ancient capital of the Kakatiyas, 157 km from Hyderabad in the state of Andhra Pradesh in southern India. ...
For the district, see Warangal district. ...
See also |
Feeds |
Contact