Kalamazoo, Michigan
Seal
Nickname: The Mall City, K-zoo, The zoo, 2-6-9
Location of Kalamazoo within Kalamazoo County, Michigan
Coordinates: 42°17′24″N 85°35′24″W / 42.29, -85.59
Country	United States
State	Michigan
County	Kalamazoo
Settled	1829
Incorporation	1883
Government
- Type	Commission-Manager
- Mayor	Bobby J. Hopewell
- City Manager	Kenneth P. Collard
Area
- City	25.2 sq mi (65.2 km²)
- Land	24.7 sq mi (63.9 km²)
- Water	0.5 sq mi (1.3 km²)
Elevation	784 ft (239 m)
Population (2000)
- City	77,145
- Density	3,125.8/sq mi (1,206.9/km²)
- Urban	187,961
- Metro	319,348
Time zone	Eastern (UTC-5)
- Summer (DST)	Eastern (UTC-4)
Area code(s)	269
FIPS code	26-42160[1]
GNIS feature ID	0629439[2]
Website: www.ci.kalamazoo.mi.us

Kalamazoo is the largest city in the southwest region of the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the county seat of Kalamazoo County. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 77,145. It is the major city of the Kalamazoo-Portage, MI MSA, which had an estimated population of 323,264 as of 2007. Kalamazoo could refer to: Kalamazoo, Michigan Kalamazoo, West Virginia Kalamazoo?, a film released in 2006 Category: ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1159x500, 165 KB) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Seal_of_the_Corporation_of_Kalamazoo. ... // A nickname is a name of an entity or thing that is not its proper name. ... Image File history File links Kalamazoo_County_Michigan_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Kalamazoo_Highlighted. ... Kalamazoo County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. ... This list of countries, arranged alphabetically, gives an overview of countries of the world. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      The political units and divisions of the United States include: The 50 states... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Map of Michigans counties The boundaries of counties in the U.S. state of Michigan have not changed since 1897. ... Kalamazoo County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. ... The council-manager government is one of 2 main variations of representative municipal government (for contrast, also see Mayor-Council government). ... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... The council-manager government is one of 2 main variations of representative municipal government (for contrast, also see Mayor-Council government). ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth – approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... Cities with at least a million inhabitants in 2006 An urban area is an area with an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... The Eastern Standard Time Zone is a geographic region that keeps time by subtracting five hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). ... -12 | -11 | -10 | -9:30 | -9 | -8 | -7 | -6 | -5 | -4 | -3:30 | -3 | -2:30 | -2 | -1 | -0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... The Eastern Standard Time Zone is a geographic region that keeps time by subtracting five hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). ... −12 | −11 | −10 | −9:30 | −9 | −8 | −7 | −6 | −5 | −4 | −3:30 | −3 | −2:30 | −2 | −1 | −0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating telephone number ranges to countries, regions, areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks such as mobile phone networks. ... Area code 269 is the telephone area code serving the southwest portion of Michigans Lower Peninsula. ... Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the U.S. Federal government for use by all (non-military) government agencies and by government contractors. ... GNIS (The Geographic Names Information System) contains name and locative information about almost two million physical and cultural features located throughout the United States of America and its Territories. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of... This article is about the U.S. State. ... A county seat is a term for an administrative center for a county, primarily used in the United States. ... Kalamazoo County is a county in the U.S. state of Michigan. ... The United States Census of year 2000, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ... Nickname: Location of Kalamazoo within Kalamazoo County, Michigan Coordinates: Counties Kalamazoo County Incorporation 1883 Government  - Type Council-Manager  - Mayor Hannah McKinney Area  - City  25. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...

Kalamazoo is home to Western Michigan University, a nationally recognized research institution that has benefited from the local presence of Pfizer, Eaton Corporation and Stryker Corporation. This has enabled the school to offer strong programs in both its College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Haworth College of Business. Western Michigan University (abbr. ... Pfizer Incorporated (NYSE: PFE) is a major pharmaceutical company, which ranks number one in the world in sales[2]. The company is based in New York City. ... This article is about an industrial manufacturer. ... Stryker Corporation (NYSE: SYK) develops, manufactures and markets specialty surgical and medical products for the global market. ... The Haworth College of Business is a school within Western Michigan University that operates out of Arnold Schneider Hall. ...

The city is also home to Kalamazoo College (often referred to as "K College"), a liberal arts school located adjacent to WMU's campus. Kalamazoo College (K College or K) is a private, highly selective liberal arts college located in Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States. ...

Name origin

Main article: Etymology of Kalamazoo

The city is named for the Kalamazoo River, but there is debate as to where the name Kalamazoo actually comes from. It is generally thought the name originates in the language of either the Potawatomi or Odawa peoples who were native to the area at the time of European settlement. Kalamazoo is the name of several places in the U.S. state of Michigan: The Kalamazoo River The City of Kalamazoo Kalamazoo Township Kalamazoo County All are named after the river, but there is uncertainty concerning the origin of the rivers name. ... The Kalamazoo River is a river in the U.S. state of Michigan. ... Rain dance, Kansas, c. ... The Ottawa (also Odawa, Odaawa, Outaouais, or Trader) are a Native American and First Nations people. ...

The common phrase "from Timbuktu to Kalamazoo" resulted from the strange name, and has served to enter it into pop culture. Today, t-shirts are sold in Kalamazoo with the phrase "Yes, there really is a Kalamazoo". This article is about the Malian city. ...

There are numerous songs that reference the city name in lyrics and title, including: "All Over The World" by Rascalz, "Down on the Corner" by Creedence Clearwater Revival,^[3] "I've Been Everywhere" by Johnny Cash;^[4] "I've Got a Gal in Kalamazoo" by Glenn Miller;^[5] "Kalamazoo" by Ben Folds Five;^[6] "Kalamazoo" by Primus;^[7] "Kalamazoo" by Dr. Freeman and the Defenders of the Universe; "Kalamazoo" by Luna;^[8] and Kalamazoo by Mike Craver on his album "Shining Down".^[9] The word also features in the opera Einstein on the Beach by Philip Glass. An indie film, Kalamazoo?, features the city as a backdrop. Creedence Clearwater Revival (CCR) was an American roots rock band who gained popularity in the late 1960s and early 70s with a string of successful songs from multiple albums released in 1968, 1969 and 1970. ... Megalong Valley The song Ive Been Everywhere was written by Geoff Mack in 1959 and made popular by the singer Lucky Starr in 1962. ... For the song of the same name, recorded by Tracy Byrd and later by Jason Aldean, see Johnny Cash (song). ... This article is about the jazz musician. ... Benjamin Scott Folds (born September 12, 1966, in Winston-Salem, North Carolina[1] is an American singer-songwriter and the former frontman of the musical group Ben Folds Five. ... Primus is an American rock band currently composed of singer and bassist Les Claypool, guitarist Larry Ler LaLonde, and drummer Tim Herb Alexander. ... Luna was a Dream Pop/Indie Pop band formed in 1991 by Dean Wareham after the breakup of Galaxie 500, with Stanley Demeski and Justin Harwood (Demeski formerly of The Feelies and Harwood formerly of New Zealand band The Chills). ... Einstein on the Beach is an opera scored and written by Philip Glass and designed and directed by Robert Wilson. ... Philip Glass (born January 31, 1937) is a three-times Academy Award-nominated American composer. ... An independent film (or indie film) is a film produced without the support of a major movie studio or a big budget. ... Kalamazoo? is a 2006 film, directed by David OMalley and starring Josie Davis, Mayim Bialik, and Joanna Clare Scott, who also wrote the screenplay. ...

History

The area on which the modern city stands was once home to Native Americans of the Hopewell culture, who migrated into the area sometime before the first millennium. Evidence of their early residency still remains in the form of a small mound downtown in Bronson Park. The Hopewell civilization began to decline at some point after the eighth century and was replaced by other groups.^[10] The Pottawatomi culture was resident in the area at the time the first European explorers arrived. The Seventh Census of the United States, conducted by the Bureau of the Census, determined the resident population of the United States to be 23,191,876 — an increase of 35. ... The United States Census of 1860 was the eighth Census conducted in the United States. ... The Ninth United States Census was taken in 1870. ... 1880 US Census The United States Census of 1880 was the tenth United States Census. ... The Eleventh United States Census was taken June 1, 1890. ... 1900 US Census The Twelfth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 76,212,168, an increase of 21. ... The Thirteenth United States Census was taken in 1910. ... The Fourteenth United States Census was taken in 1920. ... The Fifteenth United States Census was taken in 1930. ... The Sixteenth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 132,164,569, an increase of 7. ... The Seventeenth United States Census was taken in 1950. ... The Eighteenth United States Census was taken in 1960. ... The Nineteenth United States Census was taken in 1970. ... The Twentieth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 226,545,805, an increase of 11. ... The Twenty-first United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 248,709,873, an increase of 9. ... 2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ... This article is about the people indigenous to the United States and their history after European contact, chiefly in what is now the United States. ... Hopewell mounds from the Mound City Group in Ohio Hopewell culture is the term used to describe common aspects of the Native American culture that flourished along rivers in the northeastern and midwestern United States from 200 BC to 400 A.D. At its greatest extent, Hopewell culture stretched from... In the Gregorian calendar, the 1st millennium is the period of one thousand years that commenced with the year 1 Anno Domini. ... Look up mound in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... (7th century — 8th century — 9th century — other centuries) Events The Iberian peninsula is taken by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost 8 centuries of Muslim presence there. ... The Potawatomi (also spelled Pottawatomie or Pottawatomi) are an Aboriginal American people of the upper Mississippi River region. ...

René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle is recorded as having passed through the area, just southeast of the present city, in late March, 1680. The first Europeans to reside in the area were itinerant fur traders in the late 18th and early 19th century. There are records of several traders wintering in the area, and by the 1820s at least one trading post had been established.^[11][12] Engraving of Cavelier de La Salle A later engraving of Robert de LaSalle Memorial Plaque to de La Salle in Rouen René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, or Robert de LaSalle (November 22, 1643 – March 19, 1687) was a French explorer. ... An Alberta fur trader in the 1890s. ...

During the War of 1812, the British established a smithy and a prison camp in the area.^[13] This article is about the U.S.–U.K. war. ...

The 1821 Treaty of Chicago ceded all the territory south of the Grand River to the United States federal government. However, the area around present-day Kalamazoo was reserved as the village of Chief Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish. Six years later, as a result of the 1827 Treaty of St. Joseph, the tract that became the city was also ceded. The Treaty of Chicago may refer to either of two treaties between the United States and the the Ottawa, Ojibwe (Chippewa), and Potawatomi Native American peoples. ... Pedestrian bridge over the Grand River in downtown Lansing The Grand River is the longest river in the U.S. state of Michigan. ... Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish (also spelled with various transliterations as Mashipinashiwish, Me-chee-pee-nai-she-insh, Mash-i-pi-wish , Mitch-e-pe-nain-she-wish, or Mat-che-pee-na-che-wish) is the name of a chief of a Potawatomi Indian group. ... Note: There are multiple treaties referred to as Treaty with the Potawatomi. ...

In 1829, Titus Bronson, originally from Connecticut, was the first white settler to build a cabin within the present city limits.^[14] He platted the town in 1831 and named it the village of Bronson (not to be confused with the much-smaller Bronson, Michigan about fifty miles (80 km) to the south-southeast). The introduction of this article does not provide enough context for readers unfamiliar with the subject. ... Official language(s) none (de facto English) Demonym Connecticuter or Connecticutian[2] Capital Hartford Largest city Bridgeport[3] Largest metro area Hartford Metro Area[4] Area  Ranked 48th in the US  - Total 5,543[5] sq mi (14,356 km²)  - Width 70 miles (113 km)  - Length 110 miles (177 km... A contemporary plat map showing the location of a property for sale. ... Bronson is a city located in west central Branch County in the U.S. state of Michigan. ... “Miles” redirects here. ... “km” redirects here. ...

Bronson was frequently described as "eccentric" and argumentative and was later run out of town. The village of Bronson was renamed Kalamazoo in 1836 (due in part to an incident resulting in Bronson's being fined for stealing a cherry tree).^[15] Today, a hospital and a park, among other things, are named after Titus Bronson.

Kalamazoo legally incorporated as a village in 1838 and as a city in 1883.

On August 27, 1856, Abraham Lincoln spoke at a rally in Kalamazoo's Bronson Park, promoting the presidential candidacy of John C. Fremont, who was running on the ticket of the newly formed Republican Party. The occasion marks Lincoln's only visit or public address within the State. is the 239th day of the year (240th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation). ... John C. Frémont John Charles Frémont (January 21, 1813-July 13, 1890), birth name John Charles Fremon [Harvey, p. ... GOP redirects here. ...

The Kalamazoo Mall, the first outdoor pedestrian shopping mall in the United States, began with the closing of Burdick Street to auto traffic in 1959. The four block long mall, stretching from Lovell Street on the South to Eleanor Street on the north, has been restyled to match the attributes of the Arcadia Commons development, where the new Kalamazoo Public Museum anchors the north end of the mall. In 1999, however, two blocks of the mall were modified to accommodate auto traffic after a period of political debates on the issue.^[16] The creation of the mall gave Kalamazoo the name of "Mall City."

In the Fall of 1971, the Kalamazoo Public Schools system was ordered by a Federal Judge to be integrated after he found the school system to be unlawfully segregated. The judge's determination was the culmination of nearly a decade of racially charged incidents and protests, included several city-wide school closures. A program of two-way bussing was implemented in September 1971, in which the city's black students were transported from downtown Kalamazoo in the north and east sections of the city to predominantly white neighborhoods on the west side, and vice versa. The program was closely watched by education experts as the city's population more closely mirrored the demographic make up of the United States as a whole than any other jurisdiction. The bussing program continued through the late 1990s. Kalamazoo Public Schools are located in Kalamazoo, Michigan. ...

Beginning in 1971, numerous white families moved from the Kalamazoo Public Schools to adjacent districts, particularly Portage Public Schools to the south and Mattawan Consolidated School to the west. Despite a nearly 10 percent population reduction over the next two decades, the integration plan was more successful than in other large Michigan districts where "white flight" was more severe. Portage Public School is a school district located in Portage, Michigan which serves 8,766 students in 14 different schools, including 8 elementary, 3 middle, 2 high, and a community high school. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ...

Downtown Kalamazoo was struck by an F3 tornado on May 13, 1980, killing 5 and injuring 79.^[17] The Kalamazoo Tornado of 1980 struck downtown Kalamazoo, Michigan, on May 13, 1980. ... is the 133rd day of the year (134th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ...

Geography

The Arcadia Creek winds through the western part of Kalamazoo and through the downtown area.

The city is situated mainly on the southwest bank of a major bend in the Kalamazoo River, with a small portion, approximately 7.3 km² (2.8 sq mi), on the opposite bank. Several small tributaries of the river, including Arcadia Creek and Portage Creek, wind through the city. The northeastern portion of the city sits in the broad, flat Kalamazoo Valley, whilst in the western portions the terrain becomes a series of low hills spreading out to the west and south. Several small lakes are found throughout the area. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (853x1280, 990 KB) Arcadia Creek in the city of Kalamazoo, Michigan, at the intersection of West Main and the main Amtrak east-west route. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (853x1280, 990 KB) Arcadia Creek in the city of Kalamazoo, Michigan, at the intersection of West Main and the main Amtrak east-west route. ... The Kalamazoo River is a river in the U.S. state of Michigan. ...

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 25.2 square miles (65.2 km²), of which, 24.7 square miles (63.9 km²) of it is land and 1.3 km² (0.5 sq mi) of it (1.99%) is water. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title ) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. ...

The city's suburban population is located primarily to the south, in the city of Portage, and to the west in Oshtemo Township. Portage is a city in Kalamazoo County in the U.S. state of Michigan. ...

Kalamazoo is located approximately halfway between Detroit and Chicago.

At least part of the municipal water supply for Kalamazoo is provided by the watershed contained within the Al Sabo Preserve^[18] in Texas Charter Township, Michigan, immediately southwest of Kalamazoo. Al Sabo Preserve is an area of northeastern Texas Township, in southwestern Kalamazoo County, in the United States of America. ... Texas Charter Township, officially named the Charter Township of Texas, is a charter township of Kalamazoo County, Michigan. ...

Another watershed, Kleinstuck Marsh,^[19] is very popular with hikers and birdwatchers. Kleinstuck Marsh is located south of Maple Street, between Westnedge Avenue (Kalamazoo's major north-south artery) and Oakland Drive.

Kalamazoo is situated in West Michigan. Western Michigan, also known as West Michigan, is a region of the U.S. State of Michigan. ...

Demographics

As of the census^[1] of 2000, there were 77,145 people, 29,413 households, and 14,353 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,125.4 per square mile (1,206.9/km²). There were 31,798 housing units at an average density of 1,288.2/sq mi (497.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 70.77% White, 20.64% Black or African American, 0.58% Native American, 2.39% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 2.38% from other races, and 3.18% from two or more races. 4.28% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Image:1870 census Lindauer Weber 01. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... It has been suggested that Ethnicity (United States Census) be merged into this article or section. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ... It has been suggested that Ethnicity (United States Census) be merged into this article or section. ... Hispanic Americans (Spanish: Hispano Americano) are Americans of Hispanic ethnicity who largely identify with the Hispanic cultural heritage. ... The United States Census Bureau uses the federal governments definitions of race when performing a census. ...

There were 29,413 households out of which 24.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.6% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 51.2% were non-families. 34.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.99. Matrimony redirects here. ...

In the city the population was spread out with 20.3% under the age of 18, 27.6% from 18 to 24, 26.8% from 25 to 44, 15.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,189, and the median income for a family was $42,438. Males had a median income of $32,160 versus $25,532 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,897. About 13.6% of families and 24.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.0% of those under age 18 and 11.3% of those age 65 or over. Per capita income means how much each individual receives, in monetary terms, of the yearly income generated in their country. ... Map of countries showing percentage of population who have an income below the national poverty line The poverty line is the level of income below which one cannot afford to purchase all the resources one requires to live. ...

Government

Kalamazoo government is administered under a Commission-Manager style of government. The City Commission is the representative body of the city, and consists of seven members, elected on a non-partisan basis every two years. Whomever receives the most number of votes during an election becomes the council president and ceremonial mayor of the city. The member that receives the second highest number of votes becomes vice mayor.^[20] The current mayor, Bobby J. Hopewell, was elected November 13, 2007, beating Hannah McKinney, who automatically became vice mayor.^[21] The council-manager government is one of two main variations of representative municipal government in the United States. ... City Commission government is a form of municipal government that was once common in the United States, but has fallen out of favor, most cities formerly governed by Commission having switched to the Council-Manager form. ... Partisan may refer to: A member of a lightly-equipped irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of occupation. ... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger, greater) is the modern title of the highest ranking municipal officer. ... is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Mayor McKinney Hannah McKinney is the current mayor of the Kalamazoo, Michigan. ...

The City Manager is the city's chief administrative officer. The manager is hired by, and answers to, the City Commission. The council-manager government is one of 2 main variations of representative municipal government (for contrast, also see Mayor-Council government). ... City Commission government is a form of municipal government that was once common in the United States, but has fallen out of favor, most cities formerly governed by Commission having switched to the Council-Manager form. ...

Neighborhoods

Main article: Neighborhoods of Kalamazoo

The city of Kalamazoo is commonly divided into twenty-two neighborhoods, many of which are served by a neighborhood association. The Neighborhood Development Division of the city's government works with these associations to invest federal, state, and local funds, including those from the Community Development Block Grant program, in community improvements and economic growth. Image File history File links Kalamazoo_Neighborhoods_Numbered. ... Image File history File links Kalamazoo_Neighborhoods_Numbered. ... Neighborhoods of the City of Kalamazoo. ... A neighbourhood or neighborhood (see spelling differences) is a geographically localised community located within a larger city or suburb. ... The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG), one of the longest-running programs of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, funds local community development activities such as affordable housing, anti-poverty programs, and infrastructure development. ...

There is a great diversity in the character of the neighborhoods. Closer to the city center are historical residential areas such as Stuart, full of Victorian and Queen Anne homes. Neighborhoods in the south west corner of the city are home to the wealthier inhabitants and contain modern developments with more open spaces. The Central Business District and the neighborhoods to the south along Westnedge Avenue (Westnedge Hill, Southside, Vine, and South Westnedge) contain much of the area's retail shopping, mixed with a residential populace. Just west of downtown are the campuses of Kalamazoo College and Western Michigan University, surrounded by several blocks of student housing. Neighborhoods north and east of the city center tend to be lower income. The city's Hispanic population is focused on the south and east side, in the Edison neighborhood. The Edison neighborhood is also becoming a center for the city's gay and lesbian community. Kalamazoo College (K College or K) is a private, highly selective liberal arts college located in Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States. ... Western Michigan University (abbr. ...

Education

Waldo Library and the University Computing Center, joined by the Stewart Clocktower, on Western Michigan University's campus.

The campus of Kalamazoo College.

Kalamazoo is home to Western Michigan University. The college has four campuses in Kalamazoo, (West Campus, East Campus, Parkview Campus and Oakland Drive Campus) as well as several satellite campuses throughout Michigan. West Campus, located just west of downtown, has by far the largest concentration of university students, programs and school services. The school is one of the 50 largest universities in the nation, and one of the top 100 public universities in the country. In 2005, the university had over 26,000 students and employed over 1,200 faculty. Also in 2005, Western Michigan ranked #2 Wireless Campus in the U.S. in a national survey done by the Intel Corporation.^{[citation needed]} Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 577 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Waldo Library and the University Computing Center, joined by the Stewart Clocktower. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1280 × 960 pixel, file size: 577 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Waldo Library and the University Computing Center, joined by the Stewart Clocktower. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1920x1200, 705 KB) Summary Photograph taken by user AaronEndre, 2006. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1920x1200, 705 KB) Summary Photograph taken by user AaronEndre, 2006. ... Western Michigan University (abbr. ... Western Michigan University (abbr. ... East Hall at late dusk, overlooking the city of Kalamazoo. ... Western Michigan University (abbr. ... Oakland Drive Campus is a campus of Western Michigan University. ... Intel Corporation (NASDAQ: INTC, SEHK: 4335), founded in 1968 as Integrated Electronics Corporation, is an American multinational corporation that is best known for designing and manufacturing microprocessors and specialized integrated circuits. ...

Western Michigan University is also the home of the International Congress on Medieval Studies, held each year in May, and organized by the Medieval Institute. The Congress brings some 3,000 professors and students from around the globe to present and discuss a variety of topics on the Middle Ages. Graduate students play an important role in its organization. The International Congress on Medieval Studies is an academic conference for Medieval scholars sponsored by Western Michigan University in Kalamazoo, Michigan. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ...

Kalamazoo College, one of the first educational institutions in the state of Michigan and a pioneer in the field of coeducation, resides next door to WMU. The school was ranked #1 in Study Abroad programs by US News & World Report 2003 Edition America's Best Colleges, with 80% of students spending at least one term abroad. It was also the #1 school in 2005 for recruitment into the Peace Corps (per capita). Kalamazoo College (K College or K) is a private, highly selective liberal arts college located in Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States. ... Coeducation is the integrated education of males and females at the same school facilities. ... U.S. News & World Report is a weekly newsmagazine. ... current logo The Peace Corps is an independent United States federal agency. ...

Kalamazoo is home to Kalamazoo Valley Community College and Davenport University. It had also been the home of Nazareth College, which closed in 1992. Kalamazoo Valley Community College is a two-year community college in southwest Michigan with locations in downtown Kalamazoo and southwest of town in Texas Township. ... Davenport University is a private, non-profit, multi-location university offering masters degrees, bachelors degrees, associates degrees, diplomas, and certification programs in business, technology, health professions, and graduate studies (MBA). ... Nazareth College is the name of more than one Roman Catholic college: Nazareth College, Louisville, Kentucky Nazareth College, Kalamazoo, Michigan Nazareth College Rochester, New York: a four-year co-educational college, located in the southeast part of the city, north of Pittsford, New York There is also a Nazareth College...

Because of very generous private donations from several anonymous individuals, every resident graduate of the Kalamazoo Public Schools is provided with a scholarship for up to 100% of tuition and mandatory fee costs for four years at any public university or community college in Michigan, starting with the class of 2006. This program is known as the Kalamazoo Promise. Books and room and board are not included.^[22] Kalamazoo Public Schools are located in Kalamazoo, Michigan. ... The Kalamazoo Promise is a pledge by a private group of anonymous donors to povide scholarships for four years of post-secondary education for all K-12 graduates of the Kalamazoo, Michigan Public School District. ...

Economy

The Radisson Plaza Hotel & Suites hotel in Kalamazoo is a popular site for conventions, and is conveniently located for craft beer enthusiasts visiting the Bell's Eccentric Cafe.

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (972x1035, 175 KB) I took this photo in Kalamazoo. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (972x1035, 175 KB) I took this photo in Kalamazoo. ... Radisson SAS in Copenhagen, Denmark. ...

Breweries

Kalamazoo has three popular local breweries and brewpubs producing a variety of beer styles, from light bodied wheat ales to stouts and barley wines. Kettles in a modern Trappist brewery A brewery can be a building or place that produces beer, or a business (brewing company) whose trade is the production and sale of beer. ... A brewpub is a microbrewery, often combined with a restaurant, that sells the majority of its beer on premises. ... For other uses, see Beer (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Ale (disambiguation). ... Bottles of Imperial Stout Stout and porter are dark beers made using roasted malts or roast barley. ... Barley wine or Barleywine is a style of strong ale originating in England in the nineteenth century (derived from the March or October beers of the 18th century) but now brewed worldwide. ...

The most well known is Bell's, originally established as the Kalamazoo Brewing Company in 1985 by its founder, Larry Bell.^[23] The brewery has expanded from its original Kalamazoo location, which houses the Eccentric Cafe, to a modern, state-of–the-art brewery located in nearby Comstock. Bell's beer can now be found at retailers in many parts of the country. In Illinois, however, beers from this brewery are sold under another brand name because of a dispute between Larry Bell and his former distributor,^[24] when the distributor sold the distribution rights to another distributor without Bell's consent. The new beers for Illinois distribution are sold as "Kalamazoo" and the label notes that they are "Brewed especially for the people of the great state of Illinois." Bells Brewery, Inc. ...

Kraftbräu Brewery,^[25] was across the street and a few feet east from Bell's Eccentric Cafe. Another local entertainment venue in a brewery atmosphere, it is now unfortunately closed and looking for another location.

Olde Peninsula is another downtown brewpub featuring a small selection of craft beers to accompany its diverse menu.

Bilbo's Pizza, located near Western Michigan's campus, also features a microbrewery. Beer barrels outside the Castle Rock microbrewery in Nottingham, England. ...

Flavorings

The A.M. Todd Company, one of the lead producers of peppermint oil and other flavorings, is headquartered in Kalamazoo.^[26] At one point it supplied 90% of the world's peppermint oil. Many mint plantations once littered the County as part of its operations. Its founder, Albert M. Todd, was elected to the United States House of Representatives for the 55th Congress. Binomial name Mentha × piperita L. Peppermint (Mentha × piperita) is a (usually) sterile hybrid mint, a cross between watermint (Mentha aquatica) and spearmint (Mentha spicata). ... Albert May Todd (June 3, 1850–October 6, 1931) was a businessman and politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. ... Type Bicameral Speaker of the House of Representatives House Majority Leader Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Steny Hoyer, (D) since January 4, 2007 House Minority Leader John Boehner, (R) since January 4, 2007 Members 435 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party... // Dates of Sessions March 4, 1897, to March 3, 1899 Major Political Events Officers Senate House of Representatives Speaker of the House Thomas Brackett Reed Members of the Fifty-fifth United States Congress Senate Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich (R-RI) William Vincent Allen (Pop-NE) William Boyd Allison (R-IA) Augustus...

Kalamazoo is also home to Kalsec, another flavorings company, which was founded by Paul H. Todd, Jr., Albert Todd's grandson and U.S. Representative in the 89th Congress. Founded as the Kalamazoo Spice Extraction Company, Kalsec is owned and managed by Todd family descendants.^[27] Paul Harold Todd, Jr. ... // 1965-1966 The first session of this Congress took place in Washington, DC from January 4, 1965 to October 23, 1965. ...

Historical

In the past, Kalamazoo was known for its production of windmills, mandolins, buggies, automobiles, cigars, stoves, paper, and paper products. Agriculturally, it once was noted for celery and bedding plants. Although much has become suburbanized, the countryside still continues to produce significant quantities of farm crops. Pitstone Windmill, believed to be the oldest windmill in the British Isles A windmill is an engine powered by the energy of wind. ... Carved and round backed mandolins (front) A mandolin is a stringed musical instrument. ... Note: A cart may also be short for cartridge, particularly in the radio industry, where 8_track cartridges (and later CDs and zip drives) were used. ... Car redirects here. ... This page is about the tobacco product; for other meanings of Cigar, see Cigar (disambiguation). ... A stove is a heat-producing device. ... For other uses, see Paper (disambiguation). ... Binomial name L. Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ...

One notable business founded in Kalamazoo was the Gibson Guitar Corporation (which spawned the still-local Heritage Guitars). The Gibson Guitar Corporation, of Nashville, Tennessee, USA, is a manufacturer of acoustic and electric guitars. ... Heritage Guitars is a U.S. company that was founded by employees of the Gibson guitar factory. ...

The company was incorporated originally as "Gibson Mandolin - Guitar Co., Ltd" on October 11, 1902, by the craftsman Orville Gibson. Gibson originally produced some of the finest hand-crafted mandolins. This quality and attention to detail followed into the guitars the company began making later. The Gibson guitar is known for its quality and sought after world-wide by professional musicians and collectors alike. Operations were moved gradually from Kalamazoo to Nashville, Tennessee, (Electric Division) and Bozeman, Montana, (Acoustic Division) in the 1980s. Some workers from the original factory stayed in Kalamazoo to create the Heritage Guitar company.^[28] is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Orville H. Gibson (born in 1856-1918, Chateaugay, New York) was a luthier who founded the Gibson Guitar Corporation in Kalamazoo, Michigan in 1902, makers of guitars, mandolins and other instruments. ... Nashville redirects here. ... Bozeman is a city located in Gallatin County, Montana. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Heritage Guitars is a U.S. company that was founded by employees of the Gibson guitar factory. ...

Other notable businesses founded in the city include the Shakespeare Company, a fishing and tackle manufacturer. Early in the 20th Century, Kalamazoo was home to the pioneering brass era automobile company Barley. Car redirects here. ... Barley Motor Car Co. ...

Kalamazoo is also headquarters of the Checker Motors Company, the manufacturer of the Checker Cab, which now stamps sheet metal parts for other auto manufacturers. Checker Motors Corporation Logo used in the 1960s thgrough 1981 when marketing its consumer vehicles, the Marathon and the Superba Checker Motors Company was the manufacturer of the famed Checker automobile, the iconic taxi cab vehicle. ... Metal die-cast model of a Checker taxicab Originally, a Checker Cab was a taxi produced by the Checker Cab Manufacturing Company (later known as Checker Motors Corporation) of Kalamazoo, Michigan, and operating under the name Checker Cabs in New York and other American cities. ...

The eponymous Kalamazoo Stove Company used to have such slogans as "A Kalamazoo direct to you." The Kalamazoo Stove Company (1902-1952) of Kalamazoo, Michigan operated with the slogan A Kalamazoo ~ Direct to You. ...

Kalamazoo is the birthplace of the Moped Army. The Moped Army is a group of avid moped riders, originally formed in Kalamazoo[1], Michigan as the Decepticons in 1997 by three friends while attending Western Michigan University. ...

Life Sciences

Kalamazoo is home to the Pfizer Corporation, formerly Pharmacia, Pharmacia Upjohn and The Upjohn Company, all pharmaceutical manufacturers. Most of Upjohn's original facilities remain, many have been renovated and some new buildings have been constructed. The presence of these corporations has helped the diversification of the chemistry and biotechnology sector of the area's economy. The bulk of the facilities exist in Portage, Michigan, but many also exist in Downtown Kalamazoo. Pfizer Incorporated (NYSE: PFE) is a major pharmaceutical company, which ranks number one in the world in sales[2]. The company is based in New York City. ... Pharmacia was originally a government owned Swedish pharmaceutical company. ... The Upjohn Company was a pharmaceutical manufacturing firm founded in 1886 by Dr. William E. Upjohn in Kalamazoo, Michigan. ... Portage is a city in Kalamazoo County in the U.S. state of Michigan. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ...

Among others, Kalamazoo is home to Kalexsyn, PharmOptima, Ceetox, Metabolic Solutions Development, KAR Labs, Jasper Clinical Research and Development, Innovative Analytics and NephRx corporation. Other related businesses within the Kalamazoo metropolitan area include Eurofins AvTech Laboratories (Portage, Michigan), Bridge Organics (Vicksburg, Michigan), AureoGen Biosciences (Oshtemo Township, Michigan), and MPI Research (Mattawan, Michigan). These firms primarily focus on drug discovery and synthesis, clinical support, and finished pharmaceutical testing. KAR Labs also specializes in environmental testing, in addition to bioanalysis. Many of these companies were founded by alumni of Upjohn and its successors, especially after Pfizer eliminated thousands of jobs at its Kalamazoo and Portage facilities. The presence of these smaller biotechnology firms has helped mitigate the economic effects of Pfizer's downsizing. Several have received startup support from Southwest Michigan First's Innovation Center and grants from the State of Michigan through its Technology Tri-Corridor program. Kalexsyn, Inc. ... Portage is a city in Kalamazoo County in the U.S. state of Michigan. ... Vicksburg is a village in Kalamazoo County in the U.S. state of Michigan. ... Mattawan is a village in Van Buren County of the U.S. state of Michigan. ... Insulin crystals Biotechnology is technology based on biology, especially when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine. ...

Michigan State University has a branch of its medical school and several post-doctoral residency training programs in Kalamazoo. Resident training programs in Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Combined Internal Medicine/Pediatrics, General Surgery, Family Medicine, Orthopedic surgery, Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, and sports medicine are centered at The Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies (KCMS) founded by Michigan State University. Michigan State University (MSU) is a co-educational public research university in East Lansing, Michigan USA. Founded in 1855, it was the pioneer land-grant institution and served as a model for future land-grant colleges in the United States under the 1862 Morrill Act. ... This article is about the branch of medicine. ... Doctors of internal medicine (internists) are medical specialists who focus on adult medicine and have had special study and training focusing on the prevention and treatment of adult diseases. ... Doctors of internal medicine (internists) are medical specialists who focus on adult medicine and have had special study and training focusing on the prevention and treatment of adult diseases. ... This article is about the branch of medicine. ... A surgeon operating General surgery, despite its name, is a surgical specialty that focuses on abdominal organs, e. ... A general practitioner (GP) or family physician (FP) is a physician who provides primary care. ... This fracture of the lower cervical vertebrae, known as a teardrop fracture is one of the conditions treated by orthopaedic surgeons. ... Emergency Medicine is a speciality of medicine that focuses on diagnosis and treatment of acute illnesses and injuries that require immediate medical attention. ... An MRI scan of a human brain and head. ...

The city is also home to the Stryker Corporation, a surgical and medical devices manufacturer. Stryker Corporation (NYSE: SYK) develops, manufactures and markets specialty surgical and medical products for the global market. ...

Kalamazoo has two hospitals, Bronson Methodist Hospital, and Borgess Medical Center. Bronson Methodist Hospital, located at 601 John Street in downtown Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA, is the flagship of the Bronson Healthcare Group, a not-for-profit healthcare system serving all of southwest Michigan and northern Indiana. ...

Research

The W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, a nonpartisan, not-for-profit research organization, has operated in Kalamazoo since its establishment in 1945. The Institute conducts research into the causes and effects of unemployment and measures for the alleviation of unemployment. The Institute also publishes Business Outlook for West Michigan ^[29], a quarterly journal that provides economic analysis and forecasts on the West Michigan economy. W.E. Upjohn (1852-1932) The W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, a non-partisan, not-for-profit research organization, was established on July 1, 1945. ...

Other

Other notable Kalamazoo businesses include:

• The Farmers' Market, located on Bank Street, is open on Tuesdays and Saturdays, May through November. A wide variety of fruits, vegetables, and flowers are sold from stalls by area growers.
• National City (Kalamazoo was formerly the corporate HQ of First of America Bank, which merged with National City Bank in 1997), National City still maintains a large corporate building in Oshtemo Township, and several downtown along with branches in the area.

For the free-jazz group, see Farmers Market (band). ... The National City Corporation (NYSE: NCC) is one of the ten largest banks in America in terms of deposits. ... The National City Corporation (NYSE: NCC) is one of the ten largest banks in America (among others, in terms of deposits). ...

Culture

Spad WWI Fighter in the Kalamazoo Air Zoo

Largely due to its college-town influence, Kalamazoo has always been notable as a center for the arts. Celebrating local artists, the city's Arts Council