Kalmar is a city in Småland in south east Sweden, situated by the Baltic Sea. It has 34,000 inhabitants, and is the seat of Kalmar Municipality with a total of 60,000 inhabitants. It is also the capital of Kalmar County, which is comprised of 12 municipalities with in total 236,000 inhabitants. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (328x714, 26 KB) Map pointing out Kalmar in Sweden Created by uploader Original source from CIA factbook File links The following pages link to this file: Kalmar ... Image File history File links Kalmar_Coat_of_Arms. ... SmÃ¥land â–¶(?) is a historical province (landskap) in southern Sweden. ... The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53 deg. ... Kalmar (population 59,308) is a Municipality in southeastern Sweden, on the mainlands coast of the Baltic Sea, strategically watching over the narrow sound to the large island Öland, since 1972 connected by the Öland bridge. ... Kalmar County, or Kalmar län is a County or län in southern Sweden. ...

Kalmar was between 1100-1600 one of Sweden's most important cities. Between 1602 to 1913 it was the capital of Kalmar Diocese, with a bishop, and the Kalmar Cathedral from 1702 is still a fine exemple of classicistic architecture. It became a fortified city, with the still mighty Kalmar Castle as the center. After the Treaty of Roskilde 1658 Kalmar's importance diminished, until the industry sector was initiated in the 19th century. Classicism door in Olomouc, The Czech Republic. ... Kalmar Castle Kalmar Castle showing the location by the sea Kalmar Castle, located near the site of Kalmars medieval harbor, has played a crucial part in Sweden history since its initial construction as a fortified tower in the 12th century. ... The Treaty of Roskilde was signed on February 26, 1658 in the Danish city Roskilde, whereby the king of Denmark-Norway sacrificed nearly half his territory to save the rest. ...

Geographically Kalmar is the main route to the island of Öland thanks to the Öland Bridge.
▶(?) is an island in the Baltic Sea, located off the coast of Småland. ... Öland bridge (Swedish: Ölandsbron) is a bridge connecting Kalmar on mainland Sweden with Färjestaden (Ferry Town) on the island Öland to its east. ...

History

Seal of Kalmar, 13th century

The area around Kalmar has been inhabited since ancient times. Diggins have found traces of stone age gravefields. The oldest sources of there being a town are however from the 11th century. According to a medieval folk tale, the Norwegian patron Saint Olav allegedly had his ships moved to the Kalmar Strait in 1027. Written contemporary reconrds are sparse, but on a runestone from the 11th century, there is a mention of the same strait. Whether Kalmar was a town or just a small settlement adjacent to the Kalmar Strait is debatable. So is also the origin of the name Kalmar -- the most likely explaination is that it is an old Swedish word for "stone banks". However, when Icelandic saga-writer Snorre Sturlasson visited Kalmar in 1219, he referred to it as Kaupbaer, which means merchant city. In the 13th century, Kalmar is known to have flourished as one of Sweden's wealthiest cities, thanks to rich merchants mainly from Germany. Image File history File links Kalmar_stads_sigill_pÃ¥_1200-talet_(naturlig_storlek,_ur_Nordisk_familjebok). ... Image File history File links Kalmar_stads_sigill_pÃ¥_1200-talet_(naturlig_storlek,_ur_Nordisk_familjebok). ... Stone Age fishing hook. ... Folklore is the ethnographic concept of the tales, legends, or superstitions current among a particular ethnic population, a part of the oral history of a particular culture. ... Olaf II Haraldsson ( 995 – July 29, 1030), king from 1015–1028, called during his lifetime the Stout and afterwards known as Saint Olaf, was born in the year in which Olaf Tryggvasson came to Norway. ... The Kalmar Strait is a strait in the Baltic Sea, located between the Swedish island of Öland and the Smalandia area of the Swedish mainland. ... Events March 26 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II Holy Roman Emperor. ... A rune stone Rune stones are somewhat flat standing stones with runic stone carvings from the Iron Age (Viking Age) and early middle ages found in most parts of Scandinavia. ... Old Swedish (Swedish: fornsvenska), general linguistic term for medieval Swedish. ... Snorri Sturlason (1178 – September 23, 1241) was an Icelandic historian, poet and politician. ... // Events Saint Francis of Assisi introduces Catholicism into Egypt, during the Fifth Crusade The Flag of Denmark fell from the sky during the Battle of Lyndanisse Ongoing events Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Births Christopher I of Denmark (died 1259) Frederick II of Austria (died 1246) Guillaume de Gisors, supposedly the...

The oldest city seal of Kalmar is from somewhere between 1255-1267, making it the oldest known city seal in Scandinavia. Scandinavia, Fennoscandia, and the Kola Peninsula. ...

In the 12th century the first foundations of a castle were established, with the construction of a round tower for guard and lookout. The tower was continously expanded on in 13th century, and as such, Queen Margaret I of Denmark called an assembly there between head of states of Sweden and Noway, and on July 13, 1397, the Kalmar Union traty was sign, which would last until 1520. Kalmar's strategical location, near the Danish border (which was cloase as Terra Scania belonged to Denmark), and its harbour and marchancy, also led it into several feuds. There are two events independatly labelled Kalmar bloodbath: The first in 1505, when King John of Denmark let execute the mayor and city council of Kalmar; the second in 1599 by command of King Charles IX of Sweden. (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... Queen Margaret I Margaret I Queen of Denmark and Norway, Regent of Sweden (1353 – October 28, 1412) was born in Vordingborg Castle, the daughter of Valdemar IV of Denmark and Helvig of Sønderjylland. ... July 13 is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining. ... Events February 10 - John Beaufort becomes Earl of Somerset. ... The royal lineages of Norway, Sweden and Denmark for the period around the formation of the Kalmar Union The Kalmar Union (Danish/Norwegian/Swedish: Kalmarunionen) was a series of personal unions (1397–1520) that united the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden under a single monarch. ... Terra Scania, or Skåneland, once constituted the eastern part of the Danish kingdom. ... John, Johann, Johan II, Danish and Norwegian name Hans, was a Danish monarch and union king of Denmark (1481 – 1513), Norway (1483 – 1513) Sweden (1497 – 1501), under the Kalmar Union, and also Duke of Schleswig and Holstein. ... Charles IX (Karl IX) (October 4, 1550 – October 30, 1611), was King of Sweden from 1604 until his death. ...

Kalmar Castle today

In the 1540s, first King Gustav Vasa, and later his sons Erik XIV of Sweden and John III of Sweden would organize a rebuilding of the castle into the magnificient Renaissance castle it is today. Image File history File links Kalmar_slott. ... Image File history File links Kalmar_slott. ... Kalmar Castle Kalmar Castle showing the location by the sea Kalmar Castle, located near the site of Kalmars medieval harbor, has played a crucial part in Sweden history since its initial construction as a fortified tower in the 12th century. ... Gustav Vasa, originally Gustav Eriksson Vasa (May 12, 1496–September 29, 1560) was King of Sweden from 1523 until his death. ... Erik XIV of Sweden (December 13, 1533–February 26, 1577) was the son of Gustav I of Sweden and Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg. ... John III (Johan III) (December 23, 1537 - November 27, 1592) was King of Sweden from 1568 until his death. ... By region Italian Renaissance Spanish Renaissance Northern Renaissance English Renaissance French Renaissance German Renaissance Polish Renaissance The Renaissance, also known as Il Rinascimento (in Italian), was an influential cultural movement which brought about a period of scientific revolution, religious reform and artistic transformation, at the dawn of modern European history. ...

Kalmar became a diocese in 1602, a position it held until 1903. In 1634, Kalmar County is founded, with Kalmar as the natural capital. In 1660, the Kalmar Cathedral was begun by drawings of Nicodemus Tessin the Elder. It would be inaugurated in 1702. Pope Pius XI blesses Bishop Stephen Alencastre as fifth Apostolic Vicar of the Hawaiian Islands in a Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace window. ... This page is about the year. ... Events Moses Amyrauts Traite de la predestination is published Curaçao captured by the Dutch Treaty of Polianovska First meeting of the Académie française The witchcraft affair at Loudun Jean Nicolet lands at Green Bay, Wisconsin Opening of Covent Garden Market in London English establish a settlement... Kalmar County, or Kalmar län is a County or län in southern Sweden. ... Nicodemus Tessin the Elder (born 1615 in Stralsund; dead 1684 in Stockholm was an important Swedish architect. ... Events March 8 - William III died; Princess Anne Stuart becomes Queen Anne of England, Scotland and Ireland. ...

In 1611-1613, it suffered in the Kalmar War, which began with Danish troops besieged the Kalmar Castle. And 1611 is mentioned as the darkest year of Kalmar's historiy, but by no means the only dark year; much blood has been shed in the vicinity of the castle. The last was during the Scanian War in the 1670s, leading its sieges to a total of 22 -- yet, it was never conquered. The Kalmar War lasted from 1611 to 1613. ... Scanian War (Danish: Skånske Krig Swedish: Skånska kriget) was the Nordic part of the Franco-Dutch War (1672-1678). ...

In 1658, the Scanian lands were annexed by Sweden, and the strategical importance of Kalmar gradually diminished as the borders were drawn to a southern latitude. In 1689, the King established his main naval base south in Karlskrona and Kalmar had been freed of its place as one of Sweden's main military outpost. Events January 13 - Edward Sexby, who had plotted against Oliver Cromwell, dies in Tower of London February 6 - Swedish troops of Charles X Gustav of Sweden cross The Great Belt (Storebælt) in Denmark over frozen sea May 1 - Publication of Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial and The Garden of Cyrus by... Skåneland is a denomination for the area once making up the eastern part of Denmark, which was permanently ceded to Sweden under the Treaty of Roskilde (1658). ... Modern Naval Tactics It is tempting to regard modern naval combat as the purest expression of tactics. ... Karlskrona is a city in south-eastern Sweden. ...

Today

In more recent times, Kalmar has been an industrial city with Kalmar Mekaniska Verkstad making steam engines and large machinery. It has a university with over 9000 students (University of Kalmar) and a research facility for Telia Sonera. TeliaSonera AB is the result of a merger between the Swedish and Finnish telecommunications companies, Telia and Sonera. ...

Gallery

Scenic photograph of Kalmar Castle in the summer sun

Engraving from Suecia antiqua et hodierna, cirka 1700

In 1972, the 6 km long Öland bridge was built from Kalmar to the town of Färjestaden on Öland

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 470 KB) Summary Original photograph by Electricmoose (c) 2005 Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 470 KB) Summary Original photograph by Electricmoose (c) 2005 Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... Kalmar Castle Kalmar Castle showing the location by the sea Kalmar Castle, located near the site of Kalmars medieval harbor, has played a crucial part in Sweden history since its initial construction as a fortified tower in the 12th century. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2500x1290, 860 KB) Summary Engraving from Erik Dahlbergs Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna showing the city of Kalmar. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2500x1290, 860 KB) Summary Engraving from Erik Dahlbergs Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna showing the city of Kalmar. ... The title page Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna, or Ancient and Modern Sweden, is the title of a large work of engravings, collected by Erik Dahlberg in the middle of the 17th century. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 504 KB) Summary The bridge at kalmar - picture by R Neil Marshman (c) - see metadata Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 504 KB) Summary The bridge at kalmar - picture by R Neil Marshman (c) - see metadata Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU... Öland bridge (Swedish: Ölandsbron) is a bridge connecting Kalmar on mainland Sweden with Färjestaden (Ferry Town) on the island Öland to its east. ... ▶(?) is an island in the Baltic Sea, located off the coast of Småland. ...

Notable natives

• Ivar Kreuger
• Jenny Nyström

Ivar Kreuger (March 2, 1880–March 12, 1932) was a Swedish financier and industrialist. ... Jenny Nyström (born 1854, Kalmar, Sweden; died 1946, Stockholm) was an artist and illustrator of childrens books. ...

See also

• Kalmar Mekaniska Verkstad
• Spawn of Possession

Spawn Of Possession is a technical death metal band from Kalmar, Sweden, which was founded in 1997. ...

References

• article Kalmar, Nordisk familjebok

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Owl Edition Nordisk familjebok is a Swedish encyclopedia, published between 1876 and 1957. ...

External links

• Kalmar - Official site
• Kalmar Castle
• Kalmar City - pictures from nightlife in Kalmar
• University of Kalmar
• CityRapporten - local publication about Kalmar

Kalmar is one of 134 towns with the historical City status in Sweden.