Kalmar War

The Kalmar War lasted from 1611 to 1613. Image File history File links Wojna_Kalmarska_1611_ubt. ... Image File history File links Wojna_Kalmarska_1611_ubt. ...

Denmark had dominion over the strait between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. Sweden sought an alternative trade route to avoid paying Denmark's Sound Toll through Northern Norway. Sweden sought control the land route through sparsely populated Lapland. In 1607, Charles IX of Sweden declared himself "King of the Lapps in Nordland" and began “collecting” taxes in Norwegian territory, even south of Tromsø. The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53 deg. ... The North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between the coasts of Norway and Denmark in the east, the coast of the British Isles in the west, and the German, Dutch, Belgian and French coasts in the south. ... National anthem Sámi soga lávlla Languages Sami, Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish, Russian Area ca. ... Charles IX (Karl IX) (October 4, 1550 – October 30, 1611), was King of Sweden from 1604 until his death. ... County Troms Landscape Municipality NO-1902 Administrative centre Tromsø Mayor (2004) Herman Kristoffersen (Ap) Official language form Neutral Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 18 2,566 km² 2,519 km² 0. ...

Since Sound Dues to pass through the strait between the Baltic and the North Sea were Denmark's main source of income, Denmark did not want alternative trade routes established, particularly when established through Norwegian territory. Denmark protested.

King Charles IX of Sweden ignored King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway’s protests. Finally, in 1611 in response to Sweden's claim of a traditionally Dano-Norwegian area in Northern Norway, Denmark invaded Sweden. A force of 6000 men laid siege on the city of Kalmar, ultimately taking it. Norwegian forces, although stationed on the border, were instructed not to enter Sweden. An image of Christian IV. Christian IV (1577–1648), king of Denmark and Norway, the son of Frederick II, king of Denmark and Norway, and Sophia of Mecklenburg, was born at Frederiksborg castle in 1577, and succeeded to the throne on the death of his father (April 4, 1588), attaining... Kalmar is a city in SmÃ¥land in south east Sweden, situated by the Baltic Sea. ...

On October 20th, King Charles IX of Sweden died and was succeeded by his son, Gustavus Adolphus. On ascending the throne, Gustavus Adolphus sued for peace, but Christian IV saw an opportunity for larger victories, and strengthened his armies in southern Sweden. Gustav II Adolph Gustav II Adolph (December 9, 1594 - November 6, 1632) (also known as Gustav Adolph the Great, under the Latin name Gustavus Adolphus or the Swedish form Gustav II Adolf) was a King of Sweden. ...

England and the Netherlands were also invested in the Baltic Sea trade, and pressured to curtail Denmark's power by ending the Kalmar War before a decisive victory could be attained. The Danes, while well-equipped and strong, had relied heavily on mercenary forces and Christian IV, low on funds, was finally amenable to persuasion in 1613. With England’s intercession, the Treaty of Knäred was signed on January 20, 1613. Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the British Isles Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001 Census) – Density Ranked 1st UK... The Treaty of Knäred was signed on January 21, 1613 and ended the Kalmar War (1611-1613) between Denmark and Sweden. ...

Denmark reached its victory, restoring Norwegian control of Sweden's land route through Lapland by incorporating Lapland into Norway (and thus under Danish rule). Further, Sweden had to pay a high ransom for two fortresses captured by Denmark. Sweden, however, achieved a major concession — the right of free trade through the Sound Strait, becoming exempt of the Sound toll (a right shared by England and Holland). Denmark (red) / south Sweden (yellow), connected with the Oresund Bridge. ...

Although a side-note to the war, the Battle of Kringen, in which Scottish mercenary forces led by Colonel Sinclair were defeated by Gudbrandsdal militiamen from Lesja, Dovre, Vaage (Vågå), Fron, Lom and Ringebu is a noted military event in Norway, celebrated to this day. Combatants Scotland, under Swedish allegiance Norway Commanders Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Ramsay Lars Hage Strength 300 soldiers 500 soldiers Casualties at least 370 about 15 The Battle of Kringen was an ambush perpetrated by a Norwegian peasant militia against Scottish soldiers who were on their way to enlist in the Swedish... The Gudbrandsdal is a valley and landscape in the Norwegian fylke of Oppland. ... County Oppland Landscape Gudbrandsdalen Municipality NO-0512 Administrative centre Lesja Mayor (2003) Per Dag Hole (Sp) Official language form Neutral Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 22 2,259 km² 2,168 km² 0. ... County Oppland Landscape Dovre region Municipality NO-0511 Administrative centre Dombås Mayor (2003) Erland A. Løkken (Sp) Official language form Neutral Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 65 1,364 km² 1,348 km² 0. ... County Oppland District Gudbrandsdalen Municipality NO-0515 Administrative centre VÃ¥gÃ¥ Mayor (2003) Rune Øygard (Ap) Official language form Nynorsk Area  - Total  - Land  - Percentage Ranked 68 1,330 km² 1,253 km² 0. ... Fron is a former municipality in Gudbrandsdal in Oppland, Norway. ... Lom is: A municipality in Norway, see Lom, Norway. ... The municipality Ringebu in the county of Oppland, Norway, had 4,644 inhabitants as of 2003. ...

References

History of the Norwegian People by Knut Gjerset, The MacMillan Company, 1915, Volume I, pages 197 – 204.