The Republic of Kalmykia (Russian: Респу́блика Калмы́кия; Kalmyk: Хальм Тангч) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). The direct transliteration of the republic's name is Respublika Kalmykiya. The Kalmyk (Kalmuck) language of the Kalmyks is spoken mainly in Kalmykia in the Russian Federation. ... Russia is a federation which consists of 89 subjects (Russian: субъект(ы); English transliteration: subyekty, sing. ... The Russian Federation is divided into 89 federal subjects (administrative units), 21 of which are republics: Constitutional Status Republics differ from other federal subjects in that they have the right to establish their own official language (Article 68 of the Constitution of Russia). ... There exist many possible systems for transliterating the Cyrillic alphabet of the Russian language to English or the Latin alphabet. ...

Flag of Kalmykia Coat of arms of Kalmykia
Capital	Elista
Area - total - % water File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... This image depicts a seal, an emblem, a coat of arms or a crest. ... File links The following pages link to this file: Kalmykia Categories: GFDL images | NowCommons ... Categories: Russia geography stubs | Cities in Russia ... This article explains the meaning of area as a physical quantity. ...	44th - 76,100 km² - negligible Here is a list of the 89 federal subjects of Russia in order of size. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ...
Population - Total - Density Population density can be used as a measurement of any tangible item. ...	78th - est. 292,410 (2002) - est. 3.8/km² Here is a list of the 89 federal subjects of Russia in order of population according to the 2002 census. ... 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Political status	Republic
Federal district	Southern Federal District
Economic Region	Povolzhye
Cadaster #	08
Official languages	Russian, Kalmyk
President	Kirsan Nikolayevich Ilyumzhinov
Vice-President	Valery Petrovich Bogdanov
Anthem	—

The Russian Federation is divided into 89 federal subjects (administrative units), 21 of which are republics: Constitutional Status Republics differ from other federal subjects in that they have the right to establish their own official language (Article 68 of the Constitution of Russia). ... All of the federal subjects of Russia are grouped into seven federal districts (Russian: федеральные округа, sing. ... Southern Federal District (Northern Caucasus) is one of the seven federal districts of Russia. ... Russia is divided into eleven economic regions (Russian: экономические районы, sing. ... The Kalmyk (Kalmuck) language of the Kalmyks is spoken mainly in Kalmykia in the Russian Federation. ... Kirsan Nikolayevich Ilyumzhinov (Russian: Кирса́н Никола́евич Илюмжи́нов) (b. ...

Geography

• Area: 76,100km².
• Borders:
  • internal: Volgograd Oblast (NW/N), Astrakhan Oblast (N/NE/E), Dagestan (S), Stavropol Krai (SW), Rostov Oblast (W).
  • water: Caspian Sea (SE).
• Highest point: no data.
• Maximum N->S distance: 448 km.
• Maximum E->W distance: 423 km.

Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... The Republic of Dagestan (Russian: ), also spelled Daghestan, is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... Categories: Stub | Krais of Russia ... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... Caspian Sea viewed from orbit The Caspian Sea or Mazandaran Sea is a landlocked sea between Asia and Europe (European Russia). ...

Time zone

Kalmykia is located in the Moscow Time Zone (MSK/MSD). UTC offset is +0300 (MSK)/+0400 (MSD). Moscow Time (MSK) is the time zone 3 hours ahead of UTC. Categories: Stub | Time zones ... Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time, is an atomic realization of Universal Time or Greenwich Mean Time, the astronomical basis for civil time. ...

Rivers

Major rivers include:

• Volga River
• Kuma River
• Manych River

Волга Length 3,690 km Elevation of the source 225 m Average discharge 8,000 m³/ s Area watershed 1. ...

Lakes

Kalmykia is located on the shores of the Caspian Sea. In general, there are very few lakes on the territory of the republic. The biggest lakes include: Caspian Sea viewed from orbit The Caspian Sea or Mazandaran Sea is a landlocked sea between Asia and Europe (European Russia). ...

• Manych-Gudilo Lake
• Sarpinskoye Lake
• Sostinskiye Lakes
• Tsagan-Khak Lake

Tsagan-Khak Lake is located in the Russian republic of Kalmykia, and is the third-largest lake in the province. ...

Natural Resources

Kalmykia's natural resources include coal, oil, and natural gas. Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground either by underground mining, open-pit mining or strip mining. ... Oil is a generic term for organic liquids that are not miscible with water. ... Natural gas rig Natural gas (commonly refered to as gas in many countries) is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane. ...

Climate

Kalmykia has continental climate, with very hot and dry summers and cold winters with little snow.

• Average January temperature: -7°C
• Average July temperature: +24°C
• Average annual precipitation: 170 mm (eastern parts) to 400 mm (western parts)

Administrative divisions

Main article: Administrative divisions of Kalmykia

Cities and towns under republics jurisdiction Elista (Элиста) (capital) Districts: Chernozemelsky (Черноземе́льский) with 8 rural municipalities under the districts jurisdiction. ...

Demographics

As per the 2002 census, Kalmyks at 155,938 make up 53,3% of the population, followed by ethnic Russians at 98,115 (33.5%), Dargins at 7,295 (2.49%), Chechens at 5,979 (2.04%), Kazakhs at 5,011 (1.71%), Ukrainians at 2,505 (0.86%), Avars at 2,305 (0.79%), Volga Germans at 1,643 (0.56%), Koreans at 1,049 (0.36%) and a host of smaller groups. All in all, 97 ethnic groups are listed for the republic. The Oyirad (also spelled Oirat) is an alliance of the western Mongols. ... Dargwa language: It is a native to the region and spoken by 350,000 people in Western Dagestan with two dialects Dargwa and Lakh. ... This article covers the Chechen people as an ethnic group, not Chechen meaning citizens of Chechnya. ... A Kazakh and his camel The Kazakhs (Qazaq, Quazaq), (in Kazakh: Казак; in Russian: Казах; English term is the transliteration from Russian) are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia famous in the past for the fierce love of freedom, skillful horse riding, hunting with semi-domesticated... Avars or Caucasian Avars are a modern people of Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan, in which they are the predominant group. ... The Volga Germans are ethnic Germans living near the Volga River and the Black Sea, maintaining German culture, German language, German traditions and religions: Evangelical Lutherans or Roman Catholic. ...

• Population: 292,410 (2002)
  • Urban: 129,539 (44.3%)
  • Rural: 162,871 (55.7%)
  • Male: 140,097 (47.9%)
  • Female: 152,313 (52.1%)
• Females per 1000 males: 1,087
• Average age: 33.0 years
  • Urban: 32.0 years
  • Rural: 33.8 years
  • Male: 31.2 years
  • Female: 34.7 years
• Number of households: 90,464 (with 289,816 people)
  • Urban: 40,885 (with 128,564 people)
  • Rural: 49,579 (with 161,252 people)
• Average life expectancy:
  • Male: 59.6 years (exceeding Russia's average of 59.0 years)
  • Female: 72.4 years (exceeding Russia's average of 72.2 years)

History

What sets Kalmykia apart from its neighbors is the fact that it is the only Buddhist territory in Europe. Russians adopted the name Kalmyk from the Tatars in the 16th century and the Russians later learned about the name Oyirad, which had come from the Mongols. There is a very common misunderstanding that the Kalmyks are "western Mongols". This is analogous to calling Englishmen Germans just because both languages (English and German) belong to the Germanic language group. Kalmyks, in fact, are not Mongols. The two cultures have their own histories. Kalmyks controlled a vast area known as Grand Tartary or the Kalmyk Empire to Westerners, which stretched from the Great Wall of China to the River Don, and from the Himalayas to Siberia. Statues of Buddha such as this, the Tian Tan Buddha statue in Hong Kong, remind followers to practice right living. ... A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ... The Republic of Kalmykia ( Russian: Респу́блика Калмы́кия; Kalmyk: Хальм Тангч) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... The Great Wall of China (Traditional Chinese: 長城; Simplified Chinese: 长城; pinyin: ), also known in China as the Great Wall of 10,000 Li¹ (Traditional Chinese: 萬里長城; Simplified Chinese: 万里长城; pinyin: ), is an ancient Chinese fortification built from the end of the 15th century until the beginning of the 16th century, during the Ming... This article is about the river in Western Russia. ... Perspective view of the Himalaya and Mount Everest as seen from space looking south-south-east from over the Tibetan Plateau. ... Siberia Siberia (Russian: , common English transliterations: Sibir, Sibir; possibly from the Mongolian for the calm land) is a vast region of Russia and northern Kazakhstan constituting almost all of northern Asia. ...

The European steppes always were much more productive than the Asian steppes since they get more moisture from the Atlantic. It is why all powerful nomads from Central Asia were always trying to conquer European plains. Hungarians (Kalmyks call them Uugr) in the 8th century, Tatars (Kalmyks call them Mangyd) in the 13th century, and Kalmyks (Kalmyks call themself Dörvn Öörd—The Allied Four) in the 17th century—all of them were driven to Europe because of its rich pastureland. (7th century — 8th century — 9th century — other centuries) Events The Iberian peninsula is taken by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost 8 centuries of Muslim presence there. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ...

So, the Torghuud chief Khoo Örlög decided to move westward in the beginning of 17th century. But not because to a mythical internal struggle of the Kalmyks created by the Khoshuud tribe. Khoo Örlög was not a refugee. He led the Torghuuds and part of Dörvuuds. Khoshuuds and Ölööds have joined them almost century later. Kalmyks reached as far as the steppes of southeast Europe in 1630. That land was not empty. It was homeland of very powerful Nogay Hordes. But under pressure of Kalmyk warriors, Nogays fled to the Crimea and the Kuban river. All other nomads in European steppes became vassals of Kalmyk Khan. The Khoshuud are a tribe within the Oirad Mongol people. ... The Khoshuud are a tribe within the Oirad Mongol people. ... A steppe in Western Kazakhstan in early spring In physical geography, steppe (from Russian step) is a plain without trees (apart from those near rivers and lakes); it is similar to a prairie, although a prairie is generally reckoned as being dominated by tall grasses, while short grasses are said... Events February 22 - Native American Quadequine introduces Popcorn to English colonists. ...

Kalmyks settled not only around Astrakhan on the Volga delta, territories recently annexed by the Russian Czars, but Kalmyk domain also had spreaded from Ural to Terek river. And they still kept a close bond with the Kalmyks in their Central Asian homeland. Allied with Russia (Czar Alexey I allowed them to settle in his realm in exchange for Kalmyk pledge to defend Russian border), Torghuud flourished there during the reign of Ayuki Khan, who was given the title of Khan by the 6th Dalai Lama. Astrakhan coat of arms features the Khans crown and a sabre Astrakhan (А́страхань; Tatar: Ästerxan), a major city in southern European Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast. ... For other meanings of the word Volga see Volga (disambiguation) Волга Length 3,690 km Elevation of the source 225 m Average discharge  ? m³/s Area watershed 1. ... Alexey Mikhailovich Romanov (In Russian Алексей Михаилович Романов) (March 9, 1629 (O.S.) - January 29, 1676 (O.S.)) was a Tsar of Russia during some of the most eventful decades of the mid-17th century. ... The 14th and current Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso (born 1935) The 13th Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso (1876-1933) In Tibetan Buddhism, the Dalai Lamas are a sequence of leaders, since 1391, from the Gelug (dge lugs) school. ...

In the late 18th century, they were disillusioned with increasing Russian interference. The Kalmyk Khan and Ayuki's great-grandson Ubashi decided to return to their homeland. By Khan's order about 200,000 Kalmyks started their unprecedented march to Central Asia. After almost seven months some Kalmyks reached Manchurian outposts near the Balkhash Lake. Extent according to Definition 1 (dark red), Definition 3 (dark red + medium red) and Definition 4 (dark red + medium red + light red) Northeast China (Simplified Chinese: 东北; Traditional Chinese: 東北; pinyin: ; literally east-north) and Manchuria (Manchu: Manju, Simplified Chinese: 满洲; Traditional Chinese: 滿洲; pinyin: ) are names of a vast region in Northeast Asia. ... Categories: Lakes of Kazakhstan | Rift lakes | Stub ...

Part of Kalmyks did not manage to cross the Volga and the Ural rivers remained in Russia and gradually created fixed settlements with houses and temples, instead of their transportable round felt yurts, this process lasting until well after the Russian Revolution. A Yurt is a traditional home of the nomads who live on the cold, dry steppes of Central Asia. ... The phrase Russian Revolution can refer to the following events in the history of Russia. ...

Kalmyks enjoyed high degree of autonomy in Russia until 1771, then Catherine the Great abolished their self-government. In 1865 Elista future capital of Kalmykia was built Catherine II (Екатерина II Алексеевна: Yekaterína II Alekséyevna, April 21, 1729 - November 6, 1796), born Sophie Augusta Fredericka, known as Catherine the Great, reigned as empress of Russia from June 28, 1762, to her death on November 6, 1796. ... 1865 is a common year starting on Sunday. ... Categories: Russia geography stubs | Cities in Russia ...

Kalmykia was granted the status of an autonomous oblast on November 4, 1920, and was elevated to the status of autonomous republic within RSFSR on October 22, 1935. In 1943 the republic status was recalled as Kalmykia was put directly under control of the central government. An oblast (Russian, Ukrainian: о́бласть) is a name for the subnational entity of Russian Federation, Ukraine, and the former Soviet Union. ... November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... 1920 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 7 - Forces of Russian White admiral Kolchak surrender in Krasnoyarsk. ... In its final decades of its existence, the Soviet Union consisted of 15 Soviet Socialist Republics (SSR), often called simply Soviet republics. ... State motto: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Workers of the world, unite!) Official language None (Russian in practice) Capital Moscow Chairman of the Supreme Council Boris Yeltsin Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 1st in former Soviet Union 17,075,200 km² 0,5% Population  - Total (1989)  - Density Ranked 1st in the former... October 22 is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 70 days remaining. ... 1935 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1943 is a common year starting on Friday. ...

Forced collectivization was a social, economic and cultural disaster, unsuited to the Kalmyk temperament and the dry treeless landscape. During the Second World War Stalin, suspicious of their loyalty due to their dissatisfaction with their conditions, deported the whole Kalmyk nation without notice to Siberia in cattle trucks in midwinter. Half of their number perished during the journey and in the following years of exile, an ethnic cleansing unknown to the outside world to this day. Collective farming is an organizational unit in agriculture in which peasants are not paid wages, but rather receive a share of the farms net output. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Iosif (usually anglicized as Joseph) Vissarionovich Stalin (Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин), original name Ioseb Jughashvili (Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვილი; see Other names section) (December 21, 1879[1] – March 5, 1953) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and leader of the Soviet Union. ... Categories: Russia-related stubs | Acts of Soviet repression | Forced migration ... Exile is a form of punishment. ... The term ethnic cleansing refers to various policies of forcibly removing people of another ethnic group. ...

Due to their widespread dispersal in Siberia their language and culture suffered possibly irreversible decline. Khrushchev finally allowed their return in 1957, when they found their homes, jobs and land occupied by imported Russians and Ukrainians, who remained. On January 9, 1957, Kalmykia again became an autonomous oblast, and on July 29, 1958—an autonomous republic within RSFSR. Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchyov (Khrushchev) (Russian: Ники́та Серге́евич Хрущёв   listen?, April 17, 1894 â€“ September 11, 1971) was the leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin. ... 1957 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 9 is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... July 29 is the 210th day (211th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 155 days remaining. ... 1958 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... State motto: Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! (Workers of the world, unite!) Official language None (Russian in practice) Capital Moscow Chairman of the Supreme Council Boris Yeltsin Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 1st in former Soviet Union 17,075,200 km² 0,5% Population  - Total (1989)  - Density Ranked 1st in the former...

In the following years bad planning of agriculture and irrigation projects resulted in widespead desertification, and economically unviable industrial plants were constructed. With the collapse of the Soviet regime the economy also disintegrated, causing widespread social hardship and increasing depopulation of rural areas lacking in resources and facilities. Ship stranded by the retreat of the Aral Sea Desertification is the degradation of land in arid, semi arid and dry sub-humid areas into desert, resulting from various factors including climatic variations and human activities. ...

After dissolution of the USSR, Kalmykia kept the status of an autonomous republic within newly formed Russian Federation (March 31, 1992). March 31 is the 90th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (91st in Leap years), with 275 days remaining, as the final day of March. ... 1992 is a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Politics

The head of government in Kalmykia is the President. As of 2004, the president is Kirsan Nikolayevich Ilyumzhinov, who assumed power in 1993. 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Kirsan Nikolayevich Ilyumzhinov (Russian: Кирса́н Никола́евич Илюмжи́нов) (b. ...

Economy

Kalmykia has a developed agricultural sector. Other developed industries include food processing and oil and gas industries. Food processing is the methods and techniques used to transform raw ingredients into food for consumption by humans. ...

Education

Kalmyk State University is the biggest higher education facility in the republic.

Miscellaneous

There is a small Kalmyk minority living within eastern Kyrgyzstan, especially in villages in the Karakol region. These Kalmyks are those who remained when the bulk of the nation moved westwards in the early 16th century. The Kalmyk language and their traditions are dying out rapidly due to small numbers and majority pressures. Although some of these Kalmyks are now Muslims, most Kalmyks throughout the world remain Tibetan/Lamaist Buddhists. The Kalmyk culture has seen a resurgence of interest in the last 20 years, and most Kalmyks regard His Holiness the Dalai Lama as their spiritual leader. Telo Rinpoche is the head of Kalmyk Buddhist Union, which most Buddhists in Kalmykia belong to. Karakol (black wrist in Kyrgyz) is a city of about 75,000, located near the eastern tip of lake Issyk-Kul in Kyrgyzstan and about 150 km from the Kyrgyz-Chinese border. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... Islam   listen? (Arabic: al-islām) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions, and the worlds second largest religion. ... Statues of Buddha such as this, the Tian Tan Buddha statue in Hong Kong, remind followers to practice right living. ... The 14th and current Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso (born 1935) The 13th Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso (1876-1933) In Tibetan Buddhism, the Dalai Lamas are a sequence of leaders, since 1391, from the Gelug (dge lugs) school. ...

There are also small Kalmyk communities in Pennsylvania and New Jersey in the USA. They are descended from those Kalmyks who migrated through Germany, France, and Yugoslavia during the last years of World War II. While some Kalmyks fought on the German side, the German 'Wehrmacht' army was already in retreat when the Kalmyks began to arrive in western Europe. State nickname: The Keystone State Other U.S. States Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Governor Ed Rendell (D) Official languages None Area 119,283 km² (33rd)  - Land 116,074 km²  - Water 3,208 km² (2. ... State nickname: The Garden State Other U.S. States Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Governor Richard Codey (D) Official languages None defined Area 22,608 km² (47th)  - Land 19,231 km²  - Water 3,378 km² (14. ... Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in all south Slavic languages) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km (over 11 miles) into the air, August 9, 1945 after the Allied atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. ... Wehrmacht   listen? was the name of the armed forces of Germany from 1935 to 1945. ...

As a consequence of their decade-long migration through Europe, many older Kalmyks are fluent in German, French and Serbo-Croatian, in addition to their native Russian and Kalmyk language (a version of their original Mongolian language). There is a Kalmyk Buddhist temple in Belgrade, Serbia, and several Kalmyk Buddhist temples in Monmouth County, New Jersey, where the vast majority of American Kalmyks reside, as well as a Tibetan Buddhist Learning Center and monastaryin Washington County, NJ. A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is geologically and geographically a peninsula, forming the westernmost part of Eurasia. ... Serbo-Croatian (srpskohrvatski or hrvatskosrpski) is a name for a language of the Western group of the South Slavic languages. ... The Kalmyk (Kalmuck) language of the Kalmyks is spoken mainly in Kalmykia in the Russian Federation. ... Mongolian (Монгол), is the best-known member of the Mongolian language family, and the primary language of most of the residents of Mongolia. ... Belgrade (Serbian, Београд, Beograd   listen?), is the capital (2003–) of Serbia since 1404, Serbia and Montenegro and Yugoslavia (1918–2003). ... Serbia and Montenegro  â€“ Serbia    â€“ Kosovo and Metohia        (UN administration)    â€“ Vojvodina  â€“ Montenegro Official language Serbian1 Capital Belgrade Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % water  88,361 km²  n/a Population  â€“ Total (2002)     (without Kosovo)  â€“ Density  7. ... State nickname: The Garden State Other U.S. States Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Governor Richard Codey (D) Official languages None defined Area 22,608 km² (47th)  - Land 19,231 km²  - Water 3,378 km² (14. ...

The word Kalmyk means 'those who remained'—a reference to the return to Jungaria of a large part of the population in the 18th century. There are three cultural subgroups within the Kalmyk nation: Turguts, Durbets (Durwets), and Buzavs (Oirats, who joined Russian Cossacks, else we can find some villages of Hoshouts and Zungars. (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... The Oyirad (also spelled Oirat) is an alliance of the western Mongols. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

The 'Durbets' subgroup includes the Chonos tribe (literally meaning "a tribe of the Wolf", other names - "Shonos", "Chinos", "A-Shino" or "A-Chino"), which is considered to be one of the most ancient tribes in the world, dating back to 6th to 11th century. (5th century — 6th century — 7th century — other centuries) Events The first academy of the east the Academy of Gundeshapur founded in Persia by the Persian Shah Khosrau I. Irish colonists and invaders, the Scots, began migrating to Caledonia (later known as Scotland) Glendalough monastery, Wicklow Ireland founded by St. ... (10th century - 11th century - 12th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ...

External links

• Official website of the Republic of Kalmykia (in English)
• Official website of the Republic of Kalmykia (in Russian)
• Official website of the Kalmyk diplomatic representation at the President of the Russian Federation (in English)
• Official website of the Kalmyk diplomatic representation at the President of the Russian Federation (in Russian)
• Official website of the Kalmyk State University (in Russian)
• Ethnologue report on Kalmyk language

Administrative subdivisions of Russia
Federal subjects
Republics Adygeya | Altai | Bashkortostan | Buryatia | Chechnya | Chuvashia | Dagestan | Ingushetia | Kabardino-Balkaria | Karelia | Khakassia | Komi | Kalmykia | Karachay-Cherkessia | Mari El | Mordovia | North Ossetia-Alania | Sakha | Tatarstan | Tuva | Udmurtia Krais Altai | Khabarovsk | Krasnodar | Krasnoyarsk² | Primorsky | Stavropol Oblasts Amur | Arkhangelsk | Astrakhan | Belgorod | Bryansk | Chelyabinsk | Chita | Irkutsk | Ivanovo | Kaliningrad | Kaluga | Kamchatka | Kemerovo | Kirov | Kostroma | Kurgan | Kursk | Leningrad | Lipetsk | Magadan | Moscow | Murmansk | Nizhny Novgorod | Novgorod | Novosibirsk | Omsk | Orenburg | Oryol | Penza | Perm¹ | Pskov | Rostov | Ryazan | Sakhalin | Samara | Saratov | Smolensk | Sverdlovsk | Tambov | Tomsk | Tver | Tula | Tyumen | Ulyanovsk | Vladimir | Volgograd | Vologda | Voronezh | Yaroslavl Federal cities Moscow | St. Petersburg Autonomous oblasts Jewish Autonomous districts Aga Buryatia | Chukotka | Evenkia² | Khantia-Mansia | Koryakia | Nenetsia | Permyakia¹ | Taymyria² | Ust-Orda Buryatia | Yamalia
1. On December 1, 2005, Perm Oblast and Permyakia will be merged to form Perm Krai. 2. On January 1, 2007, Evenkia and Taymyria will be merged into Krasnoyarsk Krai. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Russia is a federation which consists of 89 subjects (Russian: субъект(ы); English transliteration: subyekty, sing. ... The Russian Federation is divided into 89 federal subjects (administrative units), 21 of which are republics: Constitutional Status Republics differ from other federal subjects in that they have the right to establish their own official language (Article 68 of the Constitution of Russia). ... The Republic of Adygea (Russian: Респу́блика Адыге́я; Adyghe: Адыгэ Республик) is a Russian Federation (a republic) enclaved within Krasnodar Krai. ... The Altai Republic (Russian: Респу́блика Алта́й; Altay: Алтай Республика) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... The Republic of Bashkiria or Bashkortostan (Russian: Респу́блика Башкортоста́н or Башки́рия; Bashkir:) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... The Buryat Republic (Russian: Респу́блика Буря́тия; Buryat: Буряад Республика) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... The Chechen Republic (Chechen: Нохчийн Республика/Noxçiyn (Nokhchiyn) Respublika), (Russian: Чеченская Республика) also known as Chechnya (Chechen: Нохчичьо/Noxçiyçö/Nokhchiyno), (Russian: Чечня), Ichkeria, Chechnia or Chechenia, is currently a constituent republic of the Russian Federation. ... Capital Cheboksary Area - total - % water 81st - 18,300 km² - N/A Population - Total - Density 41st - est. ... The Republic of Dagestan (Russian: ), also spelled Daghestan, is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... The Republic of Ingushetia (Russian: Республика Ингушетия; Ingush: ГIалгIай Мохк) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... The Kabardino-Balkar Republic or Kabardino-Balkaria (Russian: Кабарди́но-Балка́рская Респу́блика; Kabardian: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ, Balkar: Къабарты-Малкъар Республика) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic), located in the northern Caucasus. ... The Republic of Karelia (Russian: Респу́блика Каре́лия; Karelian: Karjalan Tazavalla) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... Categories: Stub | Republics of Russia ... The Komi Republic (Russian: Респ́ублика Ко́ми; Komi: Коми Республика) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... The Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia (Russian: Карача́ево-Черке́сская респу́блика, or, less formal, Карача́ево-Черке́ссия) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... The Mari El Republic (Russian: Респу́блика Мари́й Эл; Mari: Марий Эл Республика) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... The Republic of Mordovia (Russian: Респу́блика Мордо́вия, Moksha: Мордовскяй Республикась, Erzya: Мордовской Республикась ) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... The Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (Russian: Респу́блика Се́верная Осе́тия-Ала́ния; Ossetic: Цæгат Ирыстоны Аланийы Республикæ) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... The Sakha (Yakutia) Republic (Russian: Респу́блика Саха́ (Яку́тия); Yakut: Саха Республиката) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... The Republic of Tatarstan (Russian: Респу́блика Татарста́н or Тата́рия; Tatar: Татарстан Республикасы/Tatarstan Respublikası) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... The Tuvan Republic or Tuvinia (Russian: Респу́блика Тыва́; Tuvinian: Тыва Республика) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). ... This article is currently being expanded and converted over to the new format proposed at Wikipedia:WikiProject Russian federal subjects. ... The Russian Federation is divided into 89 subjects (administrative units), 6 of which are krais: Altai Krai Khabarovsk Krai Krasnodar Krai Krasnoyarsk Krai Primorsky Krai Stavropol Krai See also Republics of Russia Oblasts of Russia Autonomous Districts of Russia Autonomous Oblasts of Russia Federal cities of Russia Categories: Krais of... Categories: Stub | Krais of Russia ... Khabarovsk Krai (Хаба́ровский кра́й) (1995 pop. ... Categories: Stub | Krais of Russia ... Krasnoyarsk Krai (Красноя́рский край) (2002 pop. ... The Primorsky Krai (Russian: Примо́рский край), also known as Primorye (Примо́рье), is one of Russias 89 federal subjects (also referred to as members of the Federation). Krai is a term used to refer to several of Russias administrative units. ... Categories: Stub | Krais of Russia ... The Russian Federation is divided into 89 subjects (administrative units), 49 of which are oblasts: Amur Arkhangelsk Astrakhan Belgorod Bryansk Chelyabinsk Chita Irkutsk Ivanovo Kaliningrad Kaluga Kamchatka Kemerovo Kirov Kostroma Kurgan Kursk Leningrad Lipetsk Magadan Moscow Murmansk Nizhny Novgorod Novgorod Novosibirsk Omsk Orenburg Oryol Penza Perm Pskov Rostov Ryazan Sakhalin... The Amur Oblast (363,700 km², pop. ... Arkhangelsk Oblast (Арха́нгельская о́бласть) is a regional subdivision of Russia. ... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... Chita Oblast (Russian: Чити́нская о́бласть) (431,500 km², pop. ... The Irkutsk Oblast, Russia is located in south-eastern Siberia in the basins of Angara, Lena and Nizhnyaya Tunguska rivers, and occupies an area of 767,900 km² (4. ... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... map of Kaliningrad Oblast Kaliningrad Oblast (Russian: Калининградская область), informally called Yantarny kray (Russian:Янтарный Край - meaning Amber land) is an administrative division (oblast) of Russia on the Baltic coast, with no land connection to the rest of Russia: an exclave of the EU. It is the westernmost parcel of... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... For other uses of Kamchatka, see Kamchatka (disambiguation). ... Kemerovo Oblast (Russian:Ке́меровская о́бласть) (pop. ... Kirov Oblast (Ки́ровская о́бласть) is a regional subdivision of Russia. ... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... Categories: Russia geography stubs | Oblasts of Russia ... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... Leningrad Oblast (Russian: Ленингра́дская о́бласть; tr. ... Lipetsk Oblast (Russian: Ли́пецкая о́бласть) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). ... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... Moscow oblast (Моско́вская о́бласть) is an administrative subdivision of Russia officially established on January 14, 1929. ... Murmansk Oblast (Му́рманская о́бласть) is an oblast in north-western Russia. ... Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (Нижегоро́дская о́бласть) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). ... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... Novosibirsk Oblast (Новосиби́рская о́бласть) is a regional subdivision of Russia. ... Categories: Russia geography stubs | Oblasts of Russia ... Categories: Russia geography stubs | Oblasts of Russia ... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... Penza Oblast (Пе́нзенская О́бласть) is an administrative division of the Russian Federation. ... The Perm Oblast (Пе́рмская о́бласть) is an oblast in the Privolzhsky (Volga) Federal District of Russia. ... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... Categories: Russia geography stubs | Oblasts of Russia | History of Manchuria ... Samara Oblast (Сама́рская о́бласть) is an administrative division of the Russian Federation. ... Categories: Russia geography stubs | Oblasts of Russia ... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia | Smolensk Oblast ... Sverdlovsk Oblast (Russian: Свердло́вская о́бласть; tr. ... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... Tomsk Oblast (Russian: То́мская о́бласть) (2002 pop. ... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... Tula Oblast (Ту́льская о́бласть) is a regional subdivision of Russia. ... Categories: Russia geography stubs | Oblasts of Russia ... Ulyanovsk Oblast (Улья́новская о́бласть) is an administrative division of the Russian Federation. ... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia ... Voronezh Oblast (Russian:Воро́нежская о́бласть) is a regional subdivision of Russia. ... Yaroslavl Oblast (Яросла́вская о́бласть) is located in the Central Federal District of Russia, surrounded by the Tver, Moscow, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Kostroma, and Vologda Oblasts. ... This article is being considered for deletion, in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Saint Basils Cathedral Moscow (Russian/Cyrillic: Москва́, IPA:   listen?) is the capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva, and encompassing 1097. ... Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербу́рг, English transliteration: Sankt-Peterburg), colloquially known as Питер (transliterated Piter), formerly known as Leningrad (Ленингра́д, 1924–1991) and Petrograd (Петрогра́д, 1914–1924), is a city located in Northwestern Russia on the delta of the river Neva at the east end of the Gulf of Finland... The Russian Federation is divided into 89 subjects (administrative units), 1 of which is an autonomous oblast: Jewish Autonomous Oblast See also Republics of Russia Krais of Russia Oblasts of Russia Autonomous Districts of Russia Federal cities of Russia Categories: Subdivisions of Russia | Autonomous Oblasts of Russia ... The Jewish Autonomous Oblast (Russian: , Yevreyskaya avtonomnaya oblast; formerly Jewish Autonomous Republic) is situated in the Far Eastern federal district of Russia, bordering China. ... The Russian Federation is divided into 89 subjects (administrative units), 10 of which are autonomous districts: Aga Buryatia Chukotka Evenkia Khantia-Mansia Koryakia Nenetsia Permyakia Taymyria Ust-Orda Buryatia Yamalia See also: Republics of Russia, Oblasts of Russia, Krais of Russia Categories: Autonomous Districts of Russia | Subdivisions of Russia ... Categories: Stub | Autonomous Districts of Russia ... Chukotka Autonomous District (Russian: Чуко́тский автоно́мный о́круг; tr. ... Categories: Stub | Autonomous Districts of Russia ... Khantia-Mansia, or Yugra is an autonomous district of Tyumen Oblast in the Russian Federation. ... Koryakia is an autonomous district of Kamchatka Oblast in the Russian Federation. ... Categories: Russia geography stubs | Autonomous Districts of Russia ... Categories: Stub | Autonomous Districts of Russia ... Categories: Russia geography stubs | Autonomous Districts of Russia ... Categories: Stub | Autonomous Districts of Russia ... http://eo. ... December 1 is the 335th (in leap years the 336th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and is the current year. ... Perm Krai ( Russian: Пе́рмский край) is a new federal subject of Russia that is scheduled to come into existence on December 1, 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Permyakia Autonomous District. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 2007 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Federal districts
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