Kamboja-Dravati Route was the name of an ancient high road running from the port of Dwarka in Anarta (Gujarat) in western India to Kamboja Mahajanapada located in parts of north-east Afghanistan and southern Tajikstan. It was the second most important ancient caravan route which linked ancient India with the nations of the north-west. The route has been used by the invading hordes from north-west, the traders, ascetics, monks, missionaries and robbers alike through out the recorded history. Dwarka is a city in Gujarat, India. ... Gujarat (ગુજરાત in Gujarati) is the most industrialized state in India after Maharashtra and is located in western India, bordered by Pakistan to the northwest and Rajasthan to the north. ... Look up Kamboja in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Kamboja was the ancient name of a country and the Indo-Iranian warrior tribe, the Kambojas, settled therein. ... The political process among the ancient Aryans appears to have originally started with semi-nomadic tribal units called Jana (meaning tribe). ... The Republic of Tajikistan (Тоҷикистон), formerly known as the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic, is a country in Central Asia. ... Caravans comprise land-based trading convoys, often utilising the camel as a beast of burden, and generally associated with crossing deserts in Asia or Africa. ... Look up Horde in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Horde is a term derived from a Turkic word - ordu. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion, because: linkspam If you disagree with its speedy deletion, please explain why on its talk page or at Wikipedia:Speedy deletions. ... The word ascetic derives from the ancient Greek term askesis (practice, training or exercise). ... A Roman Catholic monk A monk is a person who practices monasticism, adopting a strict religious and ascetic lifestyle, usually in community with others following the same path. ... A missionary is a propagator of religion, often an evangelist or other representative of a religious community who works among those outside of that community. ... HIStory: Past, Present and Future Book I was a double CD released by pop superstar Michael Jackson. ...

Petavatthu Evidence on Kamboja Dvaravati route

Ankuravatthu section of the Petavatthu Jataka suggests that there was a direct long trade-route between Dwarka (Dvaravati) in Kathiawar and the country of the Kambojas (The Puranas, Vol V, No 2, July 1963, Dr D. C. Sircar) The Jataka stories are a significant body of works about the previous lives of Gautama Buddha. ... Kathiawar is a peninsula in western India. ...

Yassa atthaya gacchama Kambojam dhana-haraka |

ayam kamdado yakkho imam yakkham nyamase ||

imam yakkham gahetvaana sadhuken pasaham va |

yanam aropayitvana khippam gacchama Dvarakam||

— (Ankuravathu section of Petavathu Jataka, verses 257-258)

This trade route has been existing from the times of the Indus Valley Civilization. From what we know of the ancient routes, the hub for the branching of various routes was Bahlika (modern Balkh). Here the Uttarapatha-route from Tamralipiti-Patliputra-Varanasi-Kausambi-Mathura-Sakali-Takshila-Pushkaravati-Kapisi and Bamian- terminated; so also the Davaravati-Kamboja route ended here, and both of these Northern and Southern routes from India restarted towards the Kamboja in (Pamir & Badakshan) to pick up with the Silk Road to China ( (The Puranas, Vol V, No 2, July 1963, Dr V. S. Aggarwala). A fruit stand at a market. ... The Indus Valley Civilization existed along the Indus River in present-day Pakistan. ... Balkh is now a small town in the Province of Balkh, Afghanistan, about 20 kilometers northwest of the provincial capital, Mazar-e Sharif, and some 46 miles (74 km) south of the Amu Darya, the Oxus River of antiquity, of which a tributary formerly flowed past Balkh. ... Ancient Buddhist and Brahmanical texts reveal that Uttarapatha was the name of northern division of Jambudvipa of ancient Indian traditions. ... Look up Kamboja in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Kamboja was the ancient name of a country and the Indo-Iranian warrior tribe, the Kambojas, settled therein. ... Located in Central Asia, the Pamir Mountains are formed by the junction of the worlds greatest mountain ranges, a geologic structural knot from which the great Tian Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun, and Hindu Kush mountain systems radiate. ... Afghanistan and of Tajikistan. ... The Silk Road (Traditional Chinese: 絲綢之路; Simplified Chinese: 丝绸之路; pinyin: sī chóu zhī lù, Persian راه ابریشم Râh-e Abrisham) was an interconnected series of routes through Southern Asia traversed by caravan and ocean vessel, and connecting Changan (todays Xian), China, with Antioch, Syria, as well as other points. ...

The Kamboja-Dravati trade route originated from the sea port of Dwarka, and running through Anarta country, it swiped Madhyamika located to south of Aravalli and reached river Indus. There it turned north and passed through Roruka, the capital city of Sovira, where it bifurcated into two routes.. the one turning east and following river Sarasvati led to Hastinapura/Indraprastha, while the second branch continued northwards and finally terminated at Bahlika (Balkh) following through Gilgit and Chitral. From Bahlika, Kamboja-Dvaravati linked with the famous high road called Uttarapatha and both re-started towards Kamboja located in (Pamir & Badakshan) and to pick up with the historical Silk Road to China. Seaport, a painting by Claude Lorrain, 1638 A port is a facility at the edge of an ocean, river, or lake for receiving ships and transferring cargo and persons to them. ... Dwarka is a city in Gujarat, India. ... The Aravalli Range is a range of mountains in western India running approximately 300 miles northeast-southwest across Rajasthan state. ... The Indus is a river; the Indus River. ... In politics a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ... This article is about Saraswati, the Hindu goddess. ... In the epic Mahabharata, Hastinapura is the capital of the Kauravas, the desendents of Kuru, which include the Pandavas In the present world Hastinapura is a small town called Hastinapur, 37km from Meerut and 120km from Delhi. ... The first city of Delhi is believed to be founded by the legendary Pandavas of the Mahabharata around 1400 BC. It was called Indraprastha. ... Balkh is now a small town in the Province of Balkh, Afghanistan, about 20 kilometers northwest of the provincial capital, Mazar-e Sharif, and some 46 miles (74 km) south of the Amu Darya, the Oxus River of antiquity, of which a tributary formerly flowed past Balkh. ... Gilgit is a region in the Northern Areas of Pakistan, bordering the Chinese region of Xinjiang. ... Chitral, or Chitrāl, is the name of a town (35° 53 N; 71° 48 E), valley, river, district, and former princely state in the Malakand Division of the Northwest Frontier Province of Pakistan. ... Look up Kamboja in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Kamboja was the ancient name of a country and the Indo-Iranian warrior tribe, the Kambojas, settled therein. ... Located in Central Asia, the Pamir Mountains are formed by the junction of the worlds greatest mountain ranges, a geologic structural knot from which the great Tian Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun, and Hindu Kush mountain systems radiate. ... Afghanistan and of Tajikistan. ... The Silk Road (Traditional Chinese: 絲綢之路; Simplified Chinese: 丝绸之路; pinyin: sī chóu zhī lù, Persian راه ابریشم Râh-e Abrisham) was an interconnected series of routes through Southern Asia traversed by caravan and ocean vessel, and connecting Changan (todays Xian), China, with Antioch, Syria, as well as other points. ...

Dictionary of Pali Proper Names states that that the country (Kamboja) was evidently on one of the great caravan routes and there was a road direct from Dvaraka to Kamboja (Buddhist Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, Vol I, 1960, G. P. Malalasekera, p 526). ... . Pāli (ISO 639-1: pi; ISO 639-2: pli) is a Middle Indo-Aryan dialect or prakrit. ... Caravans comprise land-based trading convoys, often utilising the camel as a beast of burden, and generally associated with crossing deserts in Asia or Africa. ...

Ancient Kambojas as documented traders

Evidence suggests that ancient Gandhara and Kamboja (modern Afghanistan) had been in direct economic and political intercourse with western India including Surashtra/Gujarat since pre-Christian times. This commercial intercourse between Kamboja and Surashtra appears to have led to the adoption of similar kind of socio-political constitutions both by Kambojas and the Surashtras. Buddhas First Sermon at Sarnath, Kushan Period, ca. ... Economics (deriving from the Greek words οίκω [okos], house, and νέμω [nemo], rules hence household management) is the social science that studies the allocation of scarce resources to satisfy unlimited wants. ... Politics is the process and method of decision-making for groups of human beings. ... Saurashtra (also Soruth and Sorath) is a former state of India, located on the Kathiawar peninsula of western India. ... Gujarat (ગુજરાત in Gujarati) is the most industrialized state in India after Maharashtra and is located in western India, bordered by Pakistan to the northwest and Rajasthan to the north. ... Commercial may mean: as a noun: a form of advertising, as in a television commercial as an adjective: referring to commerce or for-profit activities or trade (compare with non-profit organization) a breed of cattle, Commercial This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that...

Kautiliya Arthashastra lists Kamboja with Surashtra and says that same form of politico-economic constitutions (varta-shastr.opajivin) obtained in these two ancient martial republics. It attests both of them as living by agriculture, trade and by warfare. ... Arthashastra is an ancient Indian treatise on economics and politics written by king maker Chanakya (also known as Kautilya) in the 4th century BC during the rule of the Mauryan dynasty. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... In a broad definition a republic is a state or country that is led by people who do not base their political power on any principle beyond the control of the people living in that state or country. ... A fruit stand at a market. ... For other uses of War, see War (disambiguation). ...

Kamboja.Suraastra.ksatriya.shreny.adayo vartta.shastra.upajivinah || 11.1.04 ||

The Brhat-Samhita of Varaha Mihira also attests the Kamboja as shastra-vartta nation i.e living by warfare, trade, agriculture and cattle-culture.

Panchala Kalinga Shurasenah Kamboja Udra Kirata shastra varttah || 5.35ab ||

Mahabhara also attest the fact that the Kamboja lived by warfare and varta.

Kambojah.................yama vaishravan.opamah....| MBH 7.23.42 ||. .

i.e the Kamboja warriors ferocious like Yama, the god of death, and rich in material wealth like Kuber, the god of wealth. Tibetan Dharmapala at the Field Museum in Chicago Yama is the lord of death whose first recorded appearance is in the Vedas. ... The word Avars can mean: The nomadic people that conquered the Hungarian Steppe in the early Middle Ages, the Eurasian Avars. ...

These references sufficiently attest the commercial aspect of ancient Kambojas and show that the merchants from Kamboja were engaged in trade with outside nations. The naming of western highway road as Kamboja-Dravarvati caravan route bears ample witness to this fact. Merchants function as professional traders, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves. ...

Ancient literary evidence and Archaeology

Buddhist sources like Apadana refers to one arahant named Bahiya Daruciriya born in Bharukachcha (Bhroach) had engaged himself in trade voyages in a ship. Seven times he sailed from upper Indus downwards, and across the sea and returned safely home ( Apadana, (P.T.S), II. 476) Statues of Buddha such as this, the Tian Tan Buddha statue in Hong Kong, remind followers to practice right living. ... The word Voyage may mean: The PC Game Voyage: Inspired by Jules Verne The Musical Group Voyage - Disco Group ... The Indus is a river; the Indus River. ...

This ancient Buddhist evidence attests that besides Kamboja-Dravati land road, river Indus was also used as a water trade route by upper Indus nations of Kamboja and Gandhara to sail down to Arabian Sea. Statues of Buddha such as this, the Tian Tan Buddha statue in Hong Kong, remind followers to practice right living. ... The Indus is a river; the Indus River. ... Map of the Arabian Sea. ...

Archaeological evidence in Gujarat reveals the existence of many land-locked ports including the one called Kamboi in Surashtra (Ancient Ports of Gujarat, A.R. Dasgupta, Deputy Director, SIIPA, SAC, Ahmedabad, M. H. Raval Ex. Director, Directorate of Archeaology, Ahmedabad). Importance and applicability Archaeology is the study of human nature and attempts to illuminate the question of what it means to be human. ... Saurashtra (also Soruth and Sorath) is a former state of India, located on the Kathiawar peninsula of western India. ...

This Kamboi is attested as Kamboika as early as in 10th C. AD records (G. Buhler, Indian Antiquary, VI, 1877, pp 191-92).

Kamboi is said to be a corruption of Kamboika which itself derives from Sanskrit Kambojika. There is also evidence of ancient Gandhara port located in Surashtra country. Buddhas First Sermon at Sarnath, Kushan Period, ca. ...

These references show that ancient nations of Kamboja and Gandhara(Afghanistan) were in an extensive commercial intercourse with western India through the well known ancient Kamboja-Dravati Trade Route.

Sea Ports and Sea trade

The traders from Kamboja, Gandhara and Kashmira reached Surashtra/Gujarat following Dravati-Kamboj trade route, where important sea ports became accessible to them for further trade by sea with western world like Rome, Greece, Egypt and Arabian nations on the one hand, and with southern India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Suvarna-Bhumi and the nations of Indo-China peninsula, on the other. This page is a candidate for speedy deletion, because: linkspam If you disagree with its speedy deletion, please explain why on its talk page or at Wikipedia:Speedy deletions. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC mythical, 1st millennium BC Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni (Democratici di Sinistra) Area  - City Proper  1290 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,546,807 almost 4,000,000 1... For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation). ... Indochina, or French Indochina, was a federation of French colonies and protectorates in south-east Asia, part of the French colonial empire. ... A peninsula is a geographical formation consisting of an extension of land from a larger body, surrounded by water on three sides. ...

Most important sea port fed by Kamboj-Dvarvati tade route was Barygaza (modern Bhroach) on river Narbada in Gujarat. The Narmada or Nerbudda is a river in central India. ...

The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea makes mention of several sea ports beginning with Barbaricum at the mouth of river Indus, followed by Barygaza ( modern Bhroach), Soparaka, Calliena (Kalyan) and Muziris (Kerala) located along the west coast of India downwards. The Indus is a river; the Indus River. ... ...

Geographer Ptolemy also refers to Barygaza (Bharukachha) as a great commercial center situated at the estuary ofNarbada. Claudius Ptolemaeus, given contemporary German styling, in a 16th century engraved book frontispiece Claudius Ptolemaeus (Greek: Κλαύδιος Πτολεμαῖος; c. ... Estuaries and coastal waters are among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, providing numerous ecological, economic, cultural, and aesthetic benefits and services. ... The Narmada or Nerbudda is a river in central India. ...

Ancient Buddhist and Jaina texts also attest heavy trade activities that went on at western Indian sea ports, some of which had become the official residences of international traders. Statues of Buddha such as this, the Tian Tan Buddha statue in Hong Kong, remind followers to practice right living. ... The hand with a wheel on the palm symbolizes the Jain Vow of Ahinsa, meaning non-injury and nonviolence. ...

Ancient International Trade and Afghanistan

The numerous precious objects discovered in course of excavations at Bamian, Taxila and Begram (Kapisha) bear powerful evidence of close trade-relationship of Kamboja/Gandhara (Afghanistan) land with ancient Phoenicia and Rome in the west and Sri Lankatc in the south. Bamiyan province is one of the thirty_four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Taxila (Sanskrit: Takshashîlâ/तक्षशिला) is an archaeological site, located in the Punjab province of Pakistan, west of the Islamabad Capital Territory and Rawalpindi, on the border of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province and just off the Grand Trunk Road. ... Aromatic vials in the shape of Greek gods, Begram, 2nd century. ... Phoenicia was an ancient civilization in the north of ancient Canaan, with its heartland along the coastal plain of what is now Lebanon and Syria. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC mythical, 1st millennium BC Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni (Democratici di Sinistra) Area  - City Proper  1290 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,546,807 almost 4,000,000 1... National motto: None Official languages Sinhala, Tamil Other languages English Capitals Colombo1 Sri Jayewardenepura (Kotte)2 President Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapakse Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 119th 65,610 km² 1. ...

Ancient Afghanistan vs Western world

There is good archeological evidence of Roman trade (0 C.E. to 200 CE) coming into Gandhara/Kamboja and Bactria through the Gujarati peninsula. Archaeological finds of objects like frescoes, stucco decorations, statuary and other rare stuff from ancient Phoenicia and Rome in places like Bamian, Kapishi (Begram), Taxila etc in Afghanitan bears powerful witness to ancient trade between Afghanistan and these ancient western civilizations (Peter T Blood, Lib of Congress, Federal Research Division, 1997). Roman or Romans has several meanings, primarily related to the Roman citizens, but also applicable to typography, math, and several geographic locations. ... Gujarat (ગુજરાત in Gujarati) is the most industrialized state in India after Maharashtra and is located in western India, bordered by Pakistan to the northwest and Rajasthan to the north. ... A peninsula is a geographical formation consisting of an extension of land from a larger body, surrounded by water on three sides. ... Importance and applicability Archaeology is the study of human nature and attempts to illuminate the question of what it means to be human. ... Bamiyan province is one of the thirty_four provinces of Afghanistan. ... Aromatic vials in the shape of Greek gods, Begram, 2nd century. ... Taxila (Sanskrit: Takshashîlâ/तक्षशिला) is an archaeological site, located in the Punjab province of Pakistan, west of the Islamabad Capital Territory and Rawalpindi, on the border of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province and just off the Grand Trunk Road. ...

The Roman gold coins were imported from Rome and were usually melted into bullion in Gandhara. Raw silk, silk yarn and silk cloth from China were brought on foot through Bactria to Barygaza as is evidenced by The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea (Rome Beyond the Imperial Frontiers, M. Wheeler, p. 156). 1¢ euro coin A coin is usually a piece of hard material, generally metal and usually in the shape of a disc, which is used as a form of money. ... Bactria (Bactriana) was the ancient Greek name of the country between the range of the Hindu Kush (Caucasus Indicus) and the Amu Darya (Oxus), with the capital Bactra (now Balkh) in Afghanistan. ...

The commerce of the western Indian coast is attested to be very lucrative and Bhroach and Sopara had trade entrepreneurial settlements or stations established in the Gulf also. These merchants reaped enormous profits from the Indo-Roman trade and are stated to have paid high rates of interest as evidenced by the Vienna Papyrus of mid-second century A.D (The Indian Ocean in Antiquity, p. 295, J. Reade; A Resurvey of Roman Contacts with the West, H. P. Ray, Ed. Baussac and Salles, p. 103) . This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... A gulf or bay is a part of a lake or ocean that extends so that it is surrounded by land on three sides. ... Merchants function as professional traders, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves. ...

Ancient Afghanistan vs Sri Lanka and Southeast countries

During archaeological finds, numerous coins, beads and the intaglios belonging to Bactria, Afghanistan have been discovered in Sri Lanka. A fragment of a Gandhara Buddha statute in schist was recently unearthed from the excavations at Jetavanarama in Anuradhapura. The finds of lapis lazuli (of Badakshan type) from Sri Lanka conclusively connect Sri Lanka with Badakshan in Afghanistan, the home of lapis lazuli (Ancient Kamboja). The presence of north-west Kambojas in Sri Lanka is attested from several ancient cave inscriptions as well as from ancient Buddhist texts. The inscriptions powerfully attest the Kamboja corporations and a Grand Kamboja Sangha in ancient Sinhala island, as early as third century BCE [1] , [2]. 1¢ euro coin A coin is usually a piece of hard material, generally metal and usually in the shape of a disc, which is used as a form of money. ... A bead is a small, decorative object that is pierced for threading or stringing. ... Intaglio is a printmaking technique in which the image is incised into a surface. ... Bactria (Bactriana) was the ancient Greek name of the country between the range of the Hindu Kush (Caucasus Indicus) and the Amu Darya (Oxus), with the capital Bactra (now Balkh) in Afghanistan. ... Buddhas First Sermon at Sarnath, Kushan Period, ca. ... A stone image of the Buddha. ... A statute is a formal, written law of a country or state, written and enacted by its legislative authority, perhaps to then be ratified by the highest executive in the government, and finally published. ... The very first kingdom in Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura was made the countrys capital by King Pandukabhaya (reigned c. ... A block of lapis lazuli Lapis lazuli is one of the oldest of all gems, with a history of use stretching back 7,000 years. ... Afghanistan and of Tajikistan. ...

The ancient Buddhist texts attest that there was regular trade between Bharukaccha, Sopparaka and Suvannabhumi (Jataka Fausboll, .Vol II, p.188; Apadana. Vol II,.p 476; Manorathapurani, Anguttara Commentary, Vol I. p 156.)

The distance between Ceylon and Suvannabhumi was seven hundred leagues and with a favourable wind it is stated to be covered in seven days and nights (Ref: Manorathapurani, Anguttara Commentary,Vol I. p 265).

This shows that the Suvaranabhumi and the lands of Indo-China were within the easy reach of traders from Kamboja after they had reached Ceylone. Indochina, or French Indochina, was a federation of French colonies and protectorates in south-east Asia, part of the French colonial empire. ...

Ancient Buddhist references sufficiently attest that that nations from north-west including the Kamboja, Gandhara, Kashmira, Sindhu, Sovira etc were in trade loop with western Indian sea ports and huge trade ships regularily plied between western Indian ports and Southern India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Suvarnabhumi and Indo-China peninsula. (All Gratitude To Myanmar, S. N. Goenka, Vipassana Newsletter Vol. 7, No. 10 Dec 97). [3] Statues of Buddha such as this, the Tian Tan Buddha statue in Hong Kong, remind followers to practice right living. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The Indus (सिन्‍धु नदी) (known as Sindhu in ancient times) is the principal river of Pakistan. ... Indochina, or French Indochina, was a federation of French colonies and protectorates in south-east Asia, part of the French colonial empire. ...

Apparently, the Kamboja-Dvaravati trade route had played key role in the promotion of these international commercial activities.

No doubt, we find powerful signatures of the Kambojas in Sri Lanka, Bengal, Burma and in Cambodia. Bengal, known as Bôngo (Bengali:বঙ্গ), Bangla (বাংলা), Bôngodesh (বঙ্গদেশ), or Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ) in Bangla (Bengali), is a region in the northeast of South Asia. ...

The chief export products from Kamboja were horses, ponies, blankets embroidered with threads of gold, Kambu/Kambuka silver, zinc, Mashapurni, Hingpurni, Somvalak/Punga, walnuts, almonds, raisin and precious stones including lapis lazuli, emerald.

See also

Kambojas
Gandhara
Silk Road
Uttarapatha
Dakshinapatha
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Buddhas First Sermon at Sarnath, Kushan Period, ca. ... The Silk Road (Traditional Chinese: 絲綢之路; Simplified Chinese: 丝绸之路; pinyin: sī chóu zhī lù, Persian راه ابریشم Râh-e Abrisham) was an interconnected series of routes through Southern Asia traversed by caravan and ocean vessel, and connecting Changan (todays Xian), China, with Antioch, Syria, as well as other points. ... Ancient Buddhist and Brahmanical texts reveal that Uttarapatha was the name of northern division of Jambudvipa of ancient Indian traditions. ... Ancient Buddhist and Brahmanical texts reveal that expression Dakshinpatha, in general was used as a name both for the southern high road as also for the region lying south of Majjhimdesa or Mid India. ...

References

• Ankuravatthu section of Petavatthu Jataka.
• Barhatkalpa Bhasya I.
• Dictionary of Pali Proper Names, 1960, G. P. Malalasekera
• Dipavamsa, IX
• Mahavamsa, VI
• Classical Accounts of India.
• Ptolemy's Geography.
• Purana, Vol V, No 2, July 1963.
• Life of Ancient India, as depicted in the Jain Canons, 1947, J. C. Jain.
• Ancient Kamboja, People and the Country, 1981, Dr J. L. Kamboj.
• Bhakati Cult and Ancient Indian Geography, Ed Dr D. C. Sircar.

External Links

ALL GRATITUDE TO MYANMAR [4]]