Kangchenjunga
Kangchenjunga early in the morning, from Chouda Pheri
Elevation	8,586 metres (28,169 feet) † Ranked 3rd
Location	Nepal and India
Range	Himalaya
Prominence	3,922 m Ranked 30th
Coordinates	27°42′09″N, 88°08′54″E
First ascent	1955 by George Band and Joe Brown
Easiest route	glacier/snow/ice climb

Kangchenjunga is the third highest mountain in the world (after Mount Everest and K2) with an altitude of 8,586 metres (28,169 feet). It is located on Nepal's eastern border with the state of Sikkim in India. Kangchenjunga translated means "The Five Treasures of Snows", as it contains five peaks, four of them over 8,450 metres. The treasures represent the five repositories of God, which are gold, silver, gems, grain, and holy books. Three of these five peaks (main, central, and south) are on the border of North Sikkim district of India and Taplejung District of Nepal, while the other two are completely in Taplejung District. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3086x2054, 3794 KB) Summary Picture of Kanchenjangha taken by me from Choudapheri a place near to Lava , in Darjiling Districts West Bengal. ... A topographical summit is a point on a surface which is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. ... Cho Oyu, Lhotse, Makalu and Mount Everest as seen from the International Space Station. ... A mountain range is a group of mountains bordered by lowlands or separated from other mountain ranges by passes or rivers. ... Perspective view of the Himalaya and Mount Everest as seen from space looking south-south-east from over the Tibetan Plateau. ... In topography, prominence, also known as autonomous height, relative height, shoulder drop or prime factor (in Europe), is a concept used in the categorization of hills and mountains. ... This is a list of peaks by prominence; that is, a list of mountains on Earth ordered by their topographic prominence. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... In climbing, a first ascent (FA) is the first climb to reach the top of a mountain, or the first to follow a particular climbing route. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... George Band (born 1929) is a British mountaineer. ... Joe Brown (born September 1930) is a English climber, born the seventh and last child of a family in the Manchester suburb of Ardwick. ... Southern and northern Mount Everest climbing routes as seen from the International Space Station. ... Mount McKinley (Denali) in Alaska (USA) has the highest visible base-to-summit elevation on Earth (approximately 5400 metres). ... Everest redirects here. ... K2 is the second highest mountain on Earth. ... Sikkim (also Sikhim) (Hindi: सिक्किम) is a landlocked Indian state nestled in the Himalayas. ... North Sikkim is a district of the Indian state of Sikkim. ... Taplejung district, a part of Mechi zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. ...

Although Kangchenjunga is the official spelling adopted by Douglas Freshfield, A.M. Kellas, and the Royal Geographical Society that gives the best indication of the Tibetan pronunciation, there are a number of alternative spellings which include Kangchen Dzö-nga, Khangchendzonga, Kanchenjanga, Kachendzonga, Kanchenjunga or Kangchanfanga. The final word on the use of the name Kangchenjunga came from His Highness Sir Tashi Namgyal, the Maharaja or chogyal of Sikkim, who stated that "although junga had no meaning in Tibetan, it really ought to have been Zod-nga (treasure, five) Kang-chen (snow, big) conveyed the meaning correctly". Following consultations with a "Colonel Weir", he agreed that it was best to leave it as Kangchenjunga, and thus the name remained so by acceptance and usage. Douglas William Freshfield (London, April 27, 1845 - Forest Row, February 9, 1934) was a British climber, author of The Exploration of the Caucasus published in London by E. Arnold publishing company in 1896. ... The Royal Geographical Society is a learned society, founded in 1830 with the name Geographical Society of London for the advancement of geographical science, under the patronage of King William IV. It absorbed the Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa (founded by Joseph Banks in... The Tibetan language is spoken primarily by the Tibetan people who live across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering South Asia, as well as by large number of Tibetan refugees all over the world. ... Tashi Namgyal (October 26, 1893 – December 2, 1963) was Chogyal (King) of Sikkim from 1914 to 1963. ... The word Maharaja (also spelled maharajah) is Hindi as well as ancient Sanskrit for high king (a karmadharaya from maha great and rajan king). Its use is primarily for Hindu potentates (ruler or sovereign). ... The Chogyal were the monarchs of the former country of Sikkim. ...

Until 1852, Kangchenjunga was assumed to be the highest mountain in the world, but calculations made by the British Great Trigonometric Survey in 1849 came to the conclusion that Mount Everest was the highest and Kangchenjunga the third-highest. Kangchenjunga was first climbed on May 25, 1955 by George Band and Joe Brown of a British expedition. The British expedition honoured the beliefs of the Sikkimese, who hold the summit sacred, by stopping a few feet short of the actual summit. Most successful summit parties since then have followed this tradition. Each millennium had thrown up passion for doing something unique. ... May 25 is the 145th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (146th in leap years). ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... George Band (born 1929) is a British mountaineer. ... Joe Brown (born September 1930) is a English climber, born the seventh and last child of a family in the Manchester suburb of Ardwick. ...

The five peaks of Kangchenjunga are as follows:

The huge massif of Kangchenjunga is buttressed by great ridges running roughly due east to west and north to south, forming a giant 'X'. These ridges contain a host of spectacular 6,000 to 7,000 metre peaks. On the east ridge in Sikkim, is Siniolchu (6,888 m / 22,600 ft), regarded as one of the most beautiful mountains in the world. The west ridge culminates in the magnificent Jannu (7,710 m / 25,294 ft) with its imposing north face. To the south, clearly visible from Darjeeling, are Kabru North (7,338 m / 24,075 ft), Kabru South (7,316 m / 24,002 ft) and Rathong peaks (6,678 m / 21,910 ft). The north ridge contains The Twins and Tent Peak, and runs up to the Tibetan border by the Jongsong La, a 6,120 m (20,080 ft) pass. The Kanchenjunga and Siniolchu viewed from Ganesh Tok in Gangtok. ... Jannu is an important Western outlier of Kangchenjunga, the third highest peak in the world. ... Kabru, from Dzongri in Sikkim Kabru is a mountain peak in the Himalayas in India and Nepal located south of Kangchenjunga. ... Kabru, from Dzongri in Sikkim Kabru is a mountain peak in the Himalayas in India and Nepal located south of Kangchenjunga. ...

Kangchenjunga is known for its famous views from the hill station of Darjeeling. On a clear day, it presents an image not as much of a mountain but of a white wall hanging from the sky. The people of Sikkim revere Kangchenjunga as a sacred mountain. Permission to climb the mountain from the Indian side is not allowed now. Kalimpong town as viewed from a distant hill. ... Darjeeling (Nepali: , Bangla: দার্জিলিং) is a town in the Indian state of West Bengal. ...

Because of its remote location in Nepal, the Kangchenjunga region is not much explored by the trekkers. It has, therefore, retained much of its pristine beauty. In Sikkim too, trekking into the Kangchenjunga region has just been permitted. The Goecha La trek is gaining popularity amongst tourists. It goes to the Goecha La Pass which is located right in front of the huge southeast face of Kangchenjunga. Another trek to Green Lake Basin has recently been opened for trekking. This goes to the Northeast side of Kangchenjunga along the famous Zemu glacier. Zemu Glacier is the largest glacier in the Eastern Himalaya. ...

The Kangchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA) covers 2,035 km² surrounding the mountain on the Nepalese side.

Elevation discrepancy

† Figures regarding the exact height of Kangchenjunga seem to differ. Heights of 8,598 metres (28,208 ft) and 8,586 metres (28,169 ft) are often given. On official 1:50,000 Nepalese mapping, the lower height is given, so this is given on this page also.

Climbing history

Kangchenjunga summit from Sikkim c. 1857

Kangchenjunga from Chouda Pheri.

Kangchenjunga from Goechala La, 4,940 m.

• 1854 Joseph Dalton Hooker the famous British botanist, explored parts of the eastern Nepal, hitherto completely unknown to Europeans. He made repeated tours of the river valleys into the foothills leading up to Kangchenjunga and the passes into Tibet which was his ultimate objective.
• 1899 The British explorer Douglas Freshfield and the Italian photographer Vittorio Sella are the first to circumnavigate the mountain. They are the first mountaineers to view the great Western Face of Kangchenjunga.
• 1905 The Kangchenjunga expedition (1905) was the first attempt, headed by Aleister Crowley. Unsuccessful, it reached 6,200 metres.
• 1929 A German expedition led by Paul Bauer reaches 7,400 m (24,300 ft) on the northeast spur before being turned back by a five-day storm.
• 1930 An International Expedition led by George Dyhrenfurth, German Uli Wieland, Austrian Erwin Schneider and Englishman Frank Smythe (who published "The Kangchenjunga Adventure" in the same year). The attempt failed due to poor weather and snow conditions.
• 1931 A second German expedition, led again by Paul Bauer, attempts the northeast spur before being turned back by bad weather, illnesses and deaths. The expedition retreats after climbing only a little higher than the 1929 attempt.
• 1954 Kangchenjunga reconnaissance, John Kempe (leader), J.W. Tucker, Ron Jackson, Trevor H. Braham, G.C. Lewis, Dr. D.S. Mathews. The Himalayan Journal Vol. X1X. This reconnaissance led to the route the 1955 Expedition used.
• 1955 Joe Brown and George Band make first ascent on May 25, followed by Norman Hardie and Tony Streather on May 26. The full team complement being George Band, Joe Brown, John Clegg (team doctor), Charles Evans (team leader), Norman Hardie, John Angelo Jackson, Neil Mather, Tom Mackinnon, and Tony Streather. This proved Aleister Crowley's 1905 route was indeed accomplishable.
• 1973 Climbers Yutaka Ageta and Takeo Matsuda of the Japanese expedition, summit Kangchenjunga West (Yalung Kang) by climbing the SW Ridge.
• 1977 The second ascent of Kangchenjunga, by an Indian Army team led by Colonel Narinder Kumar. They complete the northeast spur, the difficult ridge that defeated the German expeditions in 1929 and 1931.
• 1978 A Polish team makes the first successful ascent of the south summit (Kangchenjunga II).
• 1983 Pierre Beghin makes the first solo ascent and without oxygen.
• 1986 On January 11, Krzysztof Wielicki and Jerzy Kukuczka, Polish climbers make the first winter ascent.
• 1991 Marija Frantor and Joze Rozman attempt the first ascent by a woman but their bodies are later found below the summit headwall. The same year, Andrej Stremfelj and Marko Prezelj complete a perfect, technically demanding, elegant alpine style climb up the south ridge of Kangchenjunga to the south summit (8,494 m).
• 1992 Wanda Rutkiewicz died on a summit attempt after she refused to descend in an approaching storm.
• 1995 Benoît Chamoux, Pierre Royer and their Sherpa guide disappeared on October 6 near the summit.
• 1998 Ginette Harrison becomes the first and only woman to reach the summit. Kangchenjunga was thus the last 8,000 m+ peak to be finally ascended by a woman.

Image File history File linksMetadata Kanchenjunga_summit_ca. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Kanchenjunga_summit_ca. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1840x1232, 1307 KB) Summary This picture is taken from chudapheri camp view point with Canon EOS300 Camera with canon 28-80 USM lens on fuji pro 100asa film . ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1840x1232, 1307 KB) Summary This picture is taken from chudapheri camp view point with Canon EOS300 Camera with canon 28-80 USM lens on fuji pro 100asa film . ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2592x1944, 1930 KB) Summary Picture of Kangchenjunga taken by me from Goecha La pass, 4940m, Sikkim. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2592x1944, 1930 KB) Summary Picture of Kangchenjunga taken by me from Goecha La pass, 4940m, Sikkim. ... 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Joseph Dalton Hooker Joseph Dalton Hooker Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, GCSI, OM, FRS, MD (June 30, 1817 – December 10, 1911) was an English botanist and traveller. ... 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Aleister Crowley, born Edward Alexander Crowley, (12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947; the surname is pronounced with the first syllable sounding like the bird) was an English occultist, prolific writer, mystic, hedonist, and sexual revolutionary. ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... A roll cloud associated with a heavy or severe thunderstorm over Enschede, Netherlands A storm is any disturbed state of a planets atmosphere, especially affecting its surface, and strongly implying severe weather. ... 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Joe Brown (born September 1930) is a English climber, born the seventh and last child of a family in the Manchester suburb of Ardwick. ... George Band (born 1929) is a British mountaineer. ... May 25 is the 145th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (146th in leap years). ... May 26 is the 146th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (147th in leap years). ... John Angelo Jackson (March 21, 1921 – July 2, 2005) was a mountaineer, explorer and educationalist. ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 11 is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Jerzy Kukuczka Jerzy Kukuczka(March 24, 1948 - October 24, 1989)- born in Katowice, Poland - Polish alpine and high - altitude climber. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Wanda Rutkiewicz was born on February 2, 1943 in Plungiany, Poland (today Lithuania). ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 6 is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years). ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... Ginette Harrison (28 February 1958-24 October 1999) was a professional climber of British origin. ...

Relevant Background Reading

Some titles are no longer in print but are easily locatable on the Internet.

• Joseph Dalton Hooker "Himalayan Journals" 1855. Assistant-director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
• Maj L.A. Waddell, "Among The Himalayas", 1899; Travels in Sikkim. Book includes the exploration of the south of Kangchenjunga.
• Aleister Crowley "The Confesions of Aleister Crowley", Chapters 51, 52 & 53, Tells of the 1905 Kangchenjunga Expedition by he and Dr. Jacot-Guillarmod.
• Douglas Freshfield "Round Kangchenjunga - A Narrative of Mountain Travel and Exploration", published by Edward Arnold 1903 (Publisher to the H.M. India Office).
• Paul Bauer "The German Attack on Kangchenjunga" by (Blackwell, 1937) is the story of Bauer’s two attempts in 1929 and 1931.
• Paul Bauer "The German Attack on Kangchenjunga" The Himalayan Journal, 1930 Vol. II.
• Lieut. Col. H.W. Tobin "Exploration and Climbing in The Sikkim Himalaya" The Himalayan Journal, April 1930 Vol. II. Provides the early exploration and climbing attempts on Kangchenjunga.
• F.S. Smythe "The Kangchenjunga Adventure", 1930 to 1931. Victor Gollancz, Ltd. Smythe was the team member responsible for writing and sending the dispatches to The Statesman in Calcutta, (Mr. Alfred Watson Editor), who transmitted the dispatches to The Times (editors Deakin & Bogaerde), during the expedition of 1930 * example.
• Prof. G.O. Dyhrenfurth "The International Himlayan Expedition, 1930" The Himalayan Journal, April 1931, Vol. III. Details their attempt on Kangchenjunga.
• "The ascent of Nanda Devi", H.W. Tilman, June 7th 1937,Cambridge University Press. Relates the story of their intetion to climb Kangchenjunga.
• John Angelo Jackson "More than Mountains" 1955. Book containing data on the 1954 Kangchenjunga reconnaissance. Jackson was also a team member of the 1st ascent of Kangchenjunga in 1955], also relates the Daily Mail "Abominable Snowman" or Yeti Expedition, when the first trek from Everest to Kangchenjunga was accomplished * [1]. Relevant pages 97 onwards wih two detailed maps.
• Charles Evans "Kangchenjunga The Untrodden Peak", Hodder & Stoughton, Leader of the 1955 expedition. Principal of the University College of North Wales, Bangor. Foreword by His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh, K.G.
• Joe Brown, The hard Years, Tells his version of the first ascent of Kangchenjunga in 1955.
• Colonel Narinder Kumar, "Kangchenjunga: First ascent from the north-east spur", 1978, Vision books. Includes the second ever ascent of Kangchenjunga and the first from the North-East Spur on the Indian side of the mountain. See also Himalayan Journal Vol. 36 and 50th Anniversary Edition
• Peter Boardman, Doug Scott, Sacred Summits – A Climber's Year, 1982; Includes the 1979 ascent of Kangchenjunga with Joe Tasker and Doug Scott. Also in The Himalayan Journal Vol 36.
• John Angelo Jackson Adventure Travels in the Himalaya Indus Publishing 2005, Recounts in more detail the 1st ascent of Kangchenjunga.

The above Himalayan Journal References were all also reproduced in the "50th Anniversary of the First Ascent of Kangchenjunga" The himalayan Club, Kollkata Section 2005. Joseph Dalton Hooker Joseph Dalton Hooker Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, GCSI, OM, FRS, MD (June 30, 1817 – December 10, 1911) was an English botanist and traveller. ... L. Austine Waddell traveled extensively in India throughout the 1890s (including Sikkim and areas on the borders of Nepal and Tibet) and wrote about the Tibetan Buddhist religious practices he observed there. ... Aleister Crowley, born Edward Alexander Crowley, (12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947; the surname is pronounced with the first syllable sounding like the bird) was an English occultist, prolific writer, mystic, hedonist, and sexual revolutionary. ... Douglas William Freshfield (London, April 27, 1845 - Forest Row, February 9, 1934) was a British climber, author of The Exploration of the Caucasus published in London by E. Arnold publishing company in 1896. ... Established in 1875, The Statesman is among the leading daily newspapers of India. ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom since 1785, and under its current name since 1788. ... John Angelo Jackson (March 21, 1921 – July 2, 2005) was a mountaineer, explorer and educationalist. ... The Daily Mail is a British newspaper, a tabloid, first published in 1896. ... The yeti or Meh-Teh is a cryptid. ... The Everest entry redirects here. ... Joe Brown (born September 1930) is a English climber, born the seventh and last child of a family in the Manchester suburb of Ardwick. ... Peter Boardman (1950-1982) was a British climber, Everest summiteer, and author of several mountaineering books. ... Doug Scott CBE (born 29th May 1941) is British mountaineer famous for the first acent of the Southwest Face Mount Everest on 25th September 1975, and was the first Briton to climb Everest. ... John Angelo Jackson (March 21, 1921 – July 2, 2005) was a mountaineer, explorer and educationalist. ...

Articles, Reviews and Media

• The Geographer at High Altitudes, "Climbing on the Himalaya and other Mountain Ranges", By J. Norman Collie, F.R.S. Edinburgh: David Douglas. 1902.
• The Glaciers of Kangchenjunga Douglas Freshfield The Geographical Journal, Vol. 19, No. 4 Apr., 1902, pp. 453-472
• Round Kangchenjunga. A Narrative of Mountain Travel and Exploration, Douglas W. Freshfield Bulletin of the American Geographical Society, Vol. 36, No. 2 1904
• The Mount Everest Expedition, C. K. Howard-Bury. The Geographical Journal, Vol. 59, No. 2 Feb., 1922, pp. 81-99. see also Yeti. pp. 97 onwards with good detailed maps.
• "General Bruce's Illness a Serious handicap" "The Times", (British) World Copyright, Lt. R.F.Norton, April 19th, 1924. Expedition in the Kanchenjunga area.
• Account of a Photographic Expedition to the Southern Glaciers of Kangchenjunga in the Sikkim Himalaya, N. A. Tombazi, The Geographical Journal, Vol. 67, No. 1 Jan., 1926, pp. 74-76
• An Adventure to Kangchenjunga, Hugh Boustead, The Geographical Journal, Vol. 69, No. 4 (Apr., 1927, pp. 344-350
• The Times Literary Supplement, Thursday, December 11, 1930. "The Kangchenjunga Adventure", F.S. Smythe.
• Im Kampf um den Himalaja, Paul Bauer. The Kangchenjunga Adventure, F. S. Smythe, Himalaya: Unsere Expedition, G. O. Dyhrenfurth. 1930
• The Times Literary Supplement, Thursday, April 9 1931. "Kangchenjunga", Paul Bauer.
• The Imperial Gazetteer of India. Vol. XXVI, The Geographical Journal, Vol. 79, No. 1 Jan., 1932, pp. 53-56
• Recent Heroes of Modern Adventure, T. C. Bridges; H. Hessell Tiltman, The Geographical Journal, Vol. 81, No. 6 Jun., 1933, p. 568
• Um Den Kantsch: der zweite deutsche Angriff auf den Kangchendzönga, Paul Bauer, 1931. The Geographical Journal, Vol. 81, No. 4 Apr., 1933, pp. 362-363
• Himalayan Campaign: The German Attack on Kangchenjunga, Paul Bauer; Sumner Austin The Geographical Journal, Vol. 91, No. 5 May, 1938, p. 478
• The Times Literary Supplement, Friday, December 21st, 1956. "Kangchenjunga: The Untrodden Peak", Charles Evans.
• Kangchenjunga Climbed, Charles Evans; George Band, The Geographical Journal, Vol. 122, No. 1 Mar., 1956, pp. 1-12

Douglas William Freshfield (London, April 27, 1845 - Forest Row, February 9, 1934) was a British climber, author of The Exploration of the Caucasus published in London by E. Arnold publishing company in 1896. ... The yeti or Meh-Teh is a cryptid. ... The Times Literary Supplement (or TLS) is a weekly literary review published in London by News International, a subsidiary of News Corporation. ... December 11 is the 345th day (346th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Times Literary Supplement (or TLS) is a weekly literary review published in London by News International, a subsidiary of News Corporation. ... April 9 is the 99th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (100th in leap years). ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Times Literary Supplement (or TLS) is a weekly literary review published in London by News International, a subsidiary of News Corporation. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In literature

• In the Swallows and Amazons series of books by Arthur Ransome, a high mountain in the Lake District (unnamed in the book, but clearly based on the Old Man of Coniston) is given the name "Kanchenjunga" by the children when they climb it in 1931.

• In The Epic of Mount Everest, first published in 1926, Sir Francis Younghusband: " For natural beauty Darjiling (Darjeeling) is surely unsurpassed in the world. From all countries travellers come there to see the famous view of Kangchenjunga, 28,150 feet in height, and only 40 miles distant. Darjiling (Darjeeling) itself is 7,000 feet above sea-level and is set in a forest of oaks, magnolia, rhododendrons, laurels and sycamores. And through these forests the observer looks down the steep mountain-sides to the Rangeet River only 1,000 feet above sea-level, and then up and up through tier after tier of forest-clad ranges, each bathed in a haze of deeper and deeper purple, till the line of snow is reached; and then still up to the summit of Kangchenjunga, now so pure and ethereal we can scarcely believe it is part of the solid earth on which we stand; and so high it seems part of the very sky itself."

• In 1999, official James Bond author, Raymond Benson published High Time to Kill. In this story, a microdot containing a secret formula for aviation technology is stolen by a society called the Union. During their escape, their plane crashes on the slopes of Kangchenjunga and James Bond becomes part of a climbing expedition to retrieve the formula.

Swallows and Amazons is a series of childrens books by English author Arthur Ransome, named after the title of the first book in the series. ... Arthur Ransome (January 18, 1884 – June 3, 1967), was a British author and journalist, best known for writing the Swallows and Amazons series of childrens books, which tell of school-holiday adventures of children, mostly in the Lake District and the Norfolk Broads areas of England. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Old Man of Coniston is a fell in the English Lake District. ... 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Colonel Sir Francis Edward Younghusband (31 May 1863 - 31 July 1942) was a British Army officer, explorer, and spiritualist. ... Darjeeling (Nepali: , Bangla: দার্জিলিং) is a town in the Indian state of West Bengal. ... The James Bond 007 gun logo James Bond 007, is a fictional British spy created by writer Ian Fleming in 1952. ... Raymond Benson, born September 6, 1955, is an American author best known for being the most recent author of the official James Bond novels. ... Categories: Literature stubs | 1999 books | James Bond books ...

External links

• Kangchenjunga History for a more detailed upto date account of the mountain's history and ascents.
• Kangchenjunga on Peakware - photos
• 50th Kangchenjunga Reunion 2005 - The Hindu
• Trekking on the Sikkimese side of Kangchenjunga, with maps and pictures
• Trekking on the Nepali side of Kangchenjunga, with maps and pictures
• The Alpine Club Kangchenjunga Exhibition
• Link to details of Joseph Hooker, his writings and biographies