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Kandyan Kingdom, was the last native kingdom to be conquered by any western colonial power in Sri Lanka.
 The Temple of the Tooth Relic in Kandy, The Most Important Place of Worship in the Era of Kandyan Kingdom
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 513 KB) KANDY TO BERMUDA Description Le temple de la Dent à Kandy au Sri Lanka Der Zahntempel in Kandy (Sri Lanka): Hier wird ein Zahn aufbewahrt, der gemäß der Überlieferung ein rechter Backenzahn des Buddha ist. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 513 KB) KANDY TO BERMUDA Description Le temple de la Dent à Kandy au Sri Lanka Der Zahntempel in Kandy (Sri Lanka): Hier wird ein Zahn aufbewahrt, der gemäß der Überlieferung ein rechter Backenzahn des Buddha ist. ...
History When the ruler of the Kandyan Kingdom took refuge with the Portuguese, Rajasinha I occupied the Kingdom about 1580.
The Portuguese launched an expedition in 1591 to Kandy to enthrone Dom Philip, an heir of the dispossessed ruler. See also explorations, sea explorers, astronaut, conquistador, travelogue, the History of Science and Technology and Biography. ...
The Temple of the Tooth Relic in Kandy Kandy (මහ නුවර in Sinhala, கணà¯à®Ÿà®¿ in Tamil) is a city in the centre of Sri Lanka. ...
An ambitious and distinguished Sinhalese military nobleman, Konnappu Bandara also accompanied with the Portuguese. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
The Lords and Barons prove their Nobility by hanging their Banners and exposing their Coats-of-arms at the Windows of the Lodge of the Heralds. ...
Though Dom Philip was installed as the King of the Kingdom, he died under suspicious circumstances.
Thereafter Konnappu Bandara enthroned himself as king, proclaiming independence from the Portuguese and taking the regnal name of Vimala Dharma Sürya.
The Kandyan Kingdom attained the status of only independent Sinhalese kingdom after the demise of Sitawake after Rajasinha's death.
The Portuguese General Pedro Lopes de Sousa launched another expedition to Kandy in 1594 with the plans to enthrone Dona Catherina, a baptized Sinhalese noblewoman.
 Pilimatalavuva Maha Adikaram Portuguese troops created a lasting hostility with the Kingdom by their continued presence. Anger is a term for the emotional aspect of aggression, as a basic aspect of the stress response in animals whereby a perceived aggravating stimulus provokes a counterresponse which is likewise aggravating and threatening of violence. ...
Vimala Dharma Sürya capitalised the hostility to send out the Portuguese from the Kingdom by using guerrilla warfare tactics in 1594. Look up guerrilla in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
He legitimized and consolidated his rule by capturing Dona Catherina and sworning her as his queen. Look up queen in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
He had given resistance to the Portuguese by expanding his influence into the old Sitawake kingdom.
Thereafter even the Portuguese attempted to capture the Kandyan Kingdom, they failed.
Vimala Dharma introduced the naval power into his Kingdom to chase out the Portuguese from the Island.
He saw the arrival of the Dutch as an excellent opportunity to gain naval support against his adversaries.
The first Dutch envoy, Joris van Spilbergen, met the king in July 1602 and made lavish promises of military assistance.
A few months later another Dutch official, Sebald de Weert, arrived with a concrete offer of help and, in view of favourable terms offered by the king, decided to launch a joint attack on the Portuguese.
But a misunderstanding between the king and de Weert caused an altercation between the Kandyans and the Dutch, and de Weert and his men were killed.
King Senarat succeeded to the Kandyan throne in 1604 and continued to solicit Dutch support.
In 1612 a Dutch envoy, Marcelis Boschouwer, concluded a treaty with Senarat.
The king granted the Dutch extensive commercial concessions and a harbour for settlement on the east coast in return for a promise of armed assistance against Portuguese attack.
The Dutch were unable to offer adequate assistance, and Senarat turned to the Danes.
But, by the time a Danish expedition arrived in May 1620, Senarat had concluded a peace agreement with the Portuguese.
The truce was short-lived, and in 1630 the Kandyans, taking the offensive, invaded Portuguese territory and laid siege to Colombo and Galle.
Again the absence of sea power proved a handicap, and another peace was concluded in 1634.
In 1635 Senarat was succeeded by his son Rajasinha II.
The Dutch were now firmly established in Batavia in Java and were developing their trade in southern Asia.
The king sent emissaries to meet the admiral of the Dutch fleet, Adam Westerwolt, who was then blockading Goa.
The fleet came to Sri Lanka and captured Batticaloa. Westerwolt and Rajasinha concluded a treaty on May 23, 1638, giving the Dutch a monopoly on most of Sri Lanka's cinnamon and a repayment in merchandise for expenses incurred in assisting the king.
In May 1639 the Dutch fleet captured Trincomalee, and in February 1640 the Dutch and Kandyans combined to take Negombo.
But differences arose over the occupation of captured forts.
The Dutch refused to give Trincomalee and Batticaloa to the king until their expenses were paid in full, and Rajasinha realized that the Dutch really wanted to replace the Portuguese as the rulers of the coast.
He nevertheless continued to work with them to expel the Portuguese.
In March 1640 Galle was taken, but the progress of the allies was temporarily halted by a truce declared in Europe between the United Provinces and Spain, which at that time ruled Portugal and its overseas possessions.
In 1645 the boundaries between Portuguese and Dutch territory in Sri Lanka were demarcated.
Jan Thijssen was appointed the first Dutch governor.
The Dutch peace with the Portuguese and occupation of captured territory incensed the king and strained relations between him and the Dutch.
In May 1645 war broke out between them.
Though Rajasinha could not conquer the occupied lands, he made them worthless to the Dutch by destroying crops and depopulating villages.
The Dutch then realized the advantage of coming to terms with the king.
In 1649 a revised treaty was signed.
The Dutch agreed to hand over some of the lands but again delayed because of the immense debt the king was held to owe them.
The truce with the Portuguese expired in 1652, leaving the Dutch free to resume the war.
Kandyans launched attacks on Portuguese positions in the interior provinces of Seven Korales, Four Korales, and Sabaragamuwa, pushing them back to their coastal strongholds, despite fierce Portuguese resistance.
Rajasinha was anxious to attack Colombo, but he was put off by the Dutch.
He tried to secure guarantees from them for the return of this city after its conquest, and the Dutch made lavish promises.
In August 1655 the Dutch were strengthened by the arrival of a large fleet under General Gerard Hulft, and they laid siege to Colombo by sea and by land.
In May 1656 the Portuguese surrendered the city to the Dutch, who shut the Kandyans out of its gates.
Requests for the cession of Colombo met with evasive replies.
Highly incensed, Rajasinha destroyed the lands around Colombo, removed its inhabitants, and withdrew to his mountain kingdom.
After a brief respite the Dutch resumed the expulsion of the Portuguese from Sri Lanka.
Admiral Ryckloff van Goens arrived with a fleet to continue the attack on Portuguese strongholds in northern Sri Lanka.
The Dutch took Mannar in February 1658 and Jaffna in June.
They had replaced the Portuguese as masters of coastal Sri Lanka.
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This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
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References
External Links - How the Wily British took the Kandyan chiefs for a ride
- Rituals of the Kandyan State
- DUTCH AND BRITISH COLONIAL INTERVENTIONIN SRI LANKA c. 1780-1815:EXPANSION AND REFORM
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