Kanhoji Angre
16?? - June 4, 1729
An artistic impression of Kanhoji Angre
Place of birth	Alibag, India
Place of death	Present day Maharashtra, India
Allegiance	Maratha Navy
Years of service	1698 - 1729
Rank	Admiral

Kanhoji Angre or Conajee Angria or Sarkhel Angre (? – 1729) was the first notable chief of the Maratha Navy in 18th century India. He harassed British, Dutch and Portuguese naval interests in the Indian Ocean during the 18th century, and hence was known to them as a pirate. Similar work was carried out against the colonial powers by the Kunjali Marakkars in the 16th century. Despite the attempts of the British and Portuguese to subdue Angre, he remained undefeated until his death. June 4 is the 155th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (156th in leap years), with 210 days remaining. ... Events July 30 - Baltimore, Maryland is founded. ... Image File history File links Kanhoji. ... Alibag or Alibaug is a coastal town in the Konkan region of Maharashtra, India. ... Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र mahārāṣṭra, literally: Great Nation; IPA: )( ) is Indias third largest state in terms of area and second largest in terms of population after Uttar Pradesh. ... The Marāthās (Marathi: मराठा)is a collective term referring to an Indo Aryan group of Hindu warriors and peasants hailing mostly from the present-day state of Maharashtra, who created a substantial empire, covering a major part of India, in the late 17th and 18th centuries AD. The Marathas... The multinational Combined Task Force One Five Zero (CTF-150) The British Grand Fleet, the supreme naval force of World War I A rare occurrence of a 5-country multinational fleet, during Operation Enduring Freedom in the Oman Sea. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Look up pirate and piracy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Mohammed Kunjali Marakkar was the Muslim naval chief of the Samoothiri Raja Manavikraman (Samoothiri was anglicized as Zamorin) a title of the Hindu kings of Kozhikode (anglicized Calicut, also known as Kolikottu), in present day state of Kerala, India during the 16th century. ... (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ...

Origins

Born in the town of Alibag, little is known about his early life except that he was involved in daring exploits at sea and that his father was Tanoji Angre, a commander under Maratha Chhatrapati (King) Shivaji. He spent much of his childhood in the fort at Suvarnadurg Fort, of which he would later become governor. Main street in Bastrop, Texas, a small town A town is a residential community of people ranging from a few hundred to several thousands, although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan areas. ... Alibag or Alibaug is a coastal town in the Konkan region of Maharashtra, India. ... Sea as seen from jetty in Frankston, Australia Look up Sea in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Marāthās (Marathi: मराठा)is a collective term referring to an Indo Aryan group of Hindu warriors and peasants hailing mostly from the present-day state of Maharashtra, who created a substantial empire, covering a major part of India, in the late 17th and 18th centuries AD. The Marathas... Chhatrapati also Chatrapati is an honorific or title for a ruler. ... Shivaji Bhonsle, also known as Chatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhonsle (Marathi: छत्रपती शिवाजी राजे भोसले) was the founder of the Maratha empire in western India in 1674. ...

He was originally appointed as Darya-Saranga by the chief of Satara in 1698 [1]. Under that authority, he was master of the Western coast of India from Bombay (now Mumbai) to Vingoria (now Vengurla) in present day state of Maharashtra, except for the property of the Muslim Siddis of Janjira who were affiliated with the powerful Mughal empire. Mumbai (Marathi: मुंबई,IPA: , formerly known as Bombay, is the capital of the state of Maharashtra, and the most populous city of India, also it is the most populous city in the world with an estimated population of about 13 million (as of 2006). ... Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र mahārāṣṭra, literally: Great Nation; IPA: )( ) is Indias third largest state in terms of area and second largest in terms of population after Uttar Pradesh. ... The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ...

Notoriety

Kanhoji initially started by attacking merchant ships of the British East India Company and slowly gained notoriety and power. When Maratha Chattrapati Shahu ascended the leadership of the Maratha kingdom, he appointed Balaji Viswanath Bhatt as his Senakarta ('Commander'), and negotiated an agreement with Angre around 1707. This was partly to appease Angre who supported the other ruler who claimed the Maratha throne, Tarabai. Under the agreement, Angre became head of the Maratha navy. Cargo ship or freighter is any sort of ship that carries goods and materials from one port to another. ... The BEIC, sometimes referred to as John Company, was a joint-stock company which was granted an English Royal Charter by Elizabeth I on December 31, 1600, with the intention of favouring trade privileges in India. ... Events January 1 - John V is crowned King of Portugal March 26 - The Acts of Union becomes law, making the separate Kingdoms of England and Scotland into one country, the Kingdom of Great Britain. ...

Later, Angre broke away from the Marathas and continued his harassment of all vessels. He also played a role in the Maratha conflicts against Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, who was camped in the Deccan. Aurangzeb (borrowed from early Persian, اورنگ‌زیب Awrang throne and Zayb beauty, ornament),(November 3, 1618 – March 3, 1707, also known as Alamgir I, was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1658 until 1707. ... The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ...

Bases

• In 1698, Angre located his first base at the Maratha fort of Vijaydurg ('Victory Fort') (formerly Gheriah) located about 425km from Mumbai. The fort which was originally built by Maratha ruler, Shivaji is located on the coast, and has an entrance hollowed out in it to accommodate entry of a vessel from the sea.
• Angre created a base on the Khanderi and Underi islands off the coast of Mumbai, and attempted to levy a tax on every merchant vessel entering the harbour.
• Angre established a township called Alibag towards the end of the 17th century. The main village at that time, was today's Ramnath. Kanhoji even issued his own currency in the form of a silver coin called the Alibagi rupaiya.
• Angre even established a base in the Andaman Islands, and is credited with attaching those islands to India.

Events January 4 - Palace of Whitehall in London is destroyed by fire. ... Vijaydurg is a beautiful sea-port 545 Km. ... Mumbai (Marathi: मुंबई,IPA: , formerly known as Bombay, is the capital of the state of Maharashtra, and the most populous city of India, also it is the most populous city in the world with an estimated population of about 13 million (as of 2006). ... Shivaji Bhonsle, also known as Chatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhonsle (Marathi: छत्रपती शिवाजी राजे भोसले) was the founder of the Maratha empire in western India in 1674. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... This article or section may be confusing for some readers, and should be edited to be clearer or more simplified. ...

Campaigns

With official Maratha backing Kanhoji intensified the attacks on colonial naval powers like England and Portugal on the western coast of India. On November 4, 1712, his navy even succeeded in capturing the armed yacht Algerine of the British President of Bombay, Mr William Aislabie, killing the chief of their Karwar factory, Mr. Thomas Chown, and making his wife a prisoner. The yacht and the lady were released on 13 February 1713 for a ransom of 30,000 Rupees. He also signed a treaty with the President Aislabie to stop harassing the Company's fleet. Mr. Aislabie departed for England during October 1715. Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2005 est. ... November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... // Events Treaty of Aargau signed between Catholic and Protestants. ... A modern yacht A yacht (From Dutch Jacht meaning hunt) was originally defined as a light, fast sailing vessel used to convey important persons. ... Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States (1861-1865) The majority of this article is about heads of states. ... Rabindranath Tagore Beach, Karwar Karwar Evening Karwar (Kannada: ಕಾರವಾರ)is a small seaside town situated on the west coast of the Indian subcontinent. ... February 13 is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events April 11 - War of the Spanish Succession: Treaty of Utrecht June 23 - French residents of Acadia given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia Canada first Orrery built by George Graham Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713... // Events July 24 - Spanish treasure fleet of ten ships under admiral Ubilla leave Havana, Cuba for Spain. ...

After the arrival of Charles Boone as the new Governor of Bombay on 26 December 1715, Boone made several attempts to capture Angre. But instead in 1718 Angre captured three ships belonging to the British leaving them to claim that Kanhoji Angre was a pirate. Angre blockaded the port of Bombay, and extracted a ransom of 8,750 pounds from the East India Company. December 26 is the 360th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, 361st in leap years. ... // Events July 24 - Spanish treasure fleet of ten ships under admiral Ubilla leave Havana, Cuba for Spain. ... // The Funj warrior aristocracy deposes the reigning mek and places one of their own ranks on the throne of Sennar. ... Look up pirate and piracy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The English launched a fresh campaign in 1720, when shells from floating batteries burst in vain against the rocks of Vijaydurg fort. The attempt to land inside the fort ended in disaster, and the English squadron soon retired to Bombay. // Events January 6 - The Committee of Inquiry on the South Sea Bubble publishes its findings February 11 - Sweden and Prussia sign the (2nd Treaty of Stockholm) declaring peace. ...

On 29 November 1721 a joint attempt by the Portuguese (Viceroy Francisco Jose de Sampaio e Castro) and the English (General Robert Cowan) to humble Kanhoji also failed miserably. This fleet consisted of 6,000 soldiers in no less than four Man of war ships led by Commander Thomas Matthews. Aided by Maratha warriors Mendhaji Bhatkar and Mainak Bhandari in his navy, he continued to harass and plunder the European ships. Commander Matthews returned to England, but was accused and convicted of trading with the pirates in December 1723. Also, during 1723, Governor Boone returned to England. After Boone's departure for a few years for some reason relative calm prevailed among the English and Angre, until his death. November 29 is the 333rd (in leap years the 334th) day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... // Events Pope Innocent XIII becomes pope Johann Sebastian Bach composes the Brandenburg Concertos April 4 - Robert Walpole becomes the first prime minister of Britain September 10 - Treaty of Nystad is signed, bringing an end to the Great Northern War November 2 - Peter I is proclaimed Emperor of All the Russias... A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the monarch. ... A man of war (also man-of-war, man-o-war or simply man) is an armed naval vessel. ... The Marāthās (Marathi: मराठा)is a collective term referring to an Indo Aryan group of Hindu warriors and peasants hailing mostly from the present-day state of Maharashtra, who created a substantial empire, covering a major part of India, in the late 17th and 18th centuries AD. The Marathas... Events February 16 - Louis XV of France attains his majority Births February 24 - John Burgoyne, British general (d. ...

Battles

• 1702 - Seizes small vessel in Cochin with six Englishmen
• 1706 - Attacks and defeats the Siddhi of Janjira
• 1710 - Captures the Kennery (now Khanderi) islands near Bombay after fighting the English vessel, Godolphin for two days
• 1712 - Captured the yacht of the British President of Bombay, Mr. Aislabie, releasing it only after obtaining a hefty ransom of Rs. 30,000 [2]
• 1713 - Ten forts ceded to Angre by English
• 1717 - English ships bombard Kennery island and Angre signs treaty with Company paying Rs. 60,000
• 1718 - Blockaded Bombay port and extracted ransom
• 1720 - English attack Vijaydurg (Gheriah), unsuccessfully
• 1721 - English and Portuguese jointly attack Alibagh, but are defeated
• 1723 - Angre attacks two English vessels, Eagle and Hunter

Death

By the time of his death on 4 June 1729, Kanhoji Angre had emerged as a master of the Arabian Sea from Surat to south Konkan. He left behind two legitimate sons, Sekhoji and Sambhaji; three illegitimate sons, Tulaji, Manaji, and Yeshaji. Events July 30 - Baltimore, Maryland is founded. ... Map of the Arabian Sea. ... Surat   (Gujarati: સુરત) is a port city in the Indian state of Gujarat and administrative headquarters of the Surat District. ... A typical view of the Konkan, consisting of white-sand beaches and palm trees (mostly coconut and betel nut). ...

After Kanhoji, his son Sekhoji continued Maratha exploits at sea till his death in 1733. After Sekhoji's death, the Angre might was split between two brothers, Sambhaji and Manaji, because of divisions in the family. With the Marathas neglecting the navy the British soon found it easier to defeat the remnants of the kingdom. The Angre reign over the Western coast ended with the capture of Tulaji in a joint English/Maratha attack on the fort of Gheriah (now Vijaydurg) in February 1756. Events February 12 - British colonist James Oglethorpe founds Savannah, Georgia. ... 1756 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

Legacy

Kanhoji Angre stands alone in the Indian list of early freedom fighters as the one person who stood undefeated and inflicted many casualties on colonial powers. However, the English and other shipping powers who were heckled by Angre claimed that he was a privateer, forgetting that he was the appointed admiral of the Maratha Navy. A privateer was a private ship (or its captain) authorized by a countrys government to attack and seize cargo from another countrys ships. ...

Kanhoji is also credited with the foresight that a navy's role is to keep the enemy engaged away from the shores of the land. At one time he was so successful that he even employed certain Europeans in his fleet, including making one Dutchman his Commodore. At the height of power, Kanhoji's commanded hundreds of warships and the British Navy could do little to combat the Maratha menace.[3] Commodore has several meanings: Commodore International is a computer company Commodore 64 and Amiga were home computers Commodore (rank) is a naval rank Commodore (yacht club) is the senior officer of a yacht club The Holden Commodore is a type of car The Opel Commodore is a type of car...

Kanhoji's harassment of British commercial interests (who hence called him a pirate) and the Battle of Swally led them to establish a small naval force that eventually became the modern Indian Navy. The naval Battle of Swally took place on 29-30 November 1612 off the coast of Suvali (anglicised to Swally), a village near the city of Surat, Gujarat, India, and was a victory for four British East India Company ships over four Portuguese galleons and 26 barks (rowing vessels with... The Indian Navy is the naval branch of the Armed Forces of India. ...

Angre's tomb is situated at the city of Alibag, Maharashtra. Maharashtra (Marathi: महाराष्ट्र mahārāṣṭra, literally: Great Nation; IPA: )( ) is Indias third largest state in terms of area and second largest in terms of population after Uttar Pradesh. ...

Tributes

• The Western Naval command of the Indian Navy was named INS Angre on September 15, 1951 in honour of the valiant sea commander. A statue of him exists at the old Bombay Castle located within the enclave located at the Naval Dockyard, South Mumbai.
• During April 1999, the Indian Postal Service released a Rupee 3 stamp showing a ghurab of Kanhoji Angre's fleet as depicted in a circa 1700 A.D. painting
• The old Kennery Lighthouse, on Khanderi Island which marks the southern boundary of the Mumbai Port, was renamed as Kanhoji Angre Light House
• During the Malwani Jatrotsav festival in 1995 at Parel, Mumbai, a simulation of the naval battle between Angre and the English fleet led by Charles Boon was conducted using remote-control wooden boats in an open tank (70' x 30'). Radio Controlled boats carved out of Teak wood and powered by high torque motors were constructed by Vivek S. Kambli and Vishesh S. Kambli. A thrilling soundtrack complemented this Audio Visual 3 Dimensional depiction of an important chapter from Maratha Naval history. The show lasted 10 days and was witnessed by thousands of eager Mumbai citizens.

The Indian Navy is the naval branch of the Armed Forces of India. ... September 15 is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years). ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... Bombay Castle is one of the oldest defensive structures built in the city of Mumbai (formerly Bombay). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Mumbai (Marathi: मुंबई,IPA: , formerly known as Bombay, is the capital of the state of Maharashtra, and the most populous city of India, also it is the most populous city in the world with an estimated population of about 13 million (as of 2006). ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... Indian Postal Service functioning under the brand name India Post, is a government operated postal system in India; it is generally referred to within India as the post office. ... Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ... The Peggys Point lighthouse in Nova Scotia, Canada An aid for navigation and pilotage at sea, a lighthouse is a tower building or framework sending out light from a system of lamps and lenses or, in older times, from a fire. ... Malvani also known as Malwani is a major and significant dialect of the Konkani language, although it maybe more precise to define it as a Creole, a bridge dialect between the Konkani substrate and the Marathi into which it is being assimilated. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Wooden mechanical horse simulator during WWI. A simulation is an imitation of some real thing, state of affairs, or process. ... 1:10 scale radio controlled car (Saab Sonett) A radio controlled (R/C) model is a model that is steerable with the use of radio control. ... Species Tectona grandis Tectona hamiltoniana Tectona philippinensis Teak (Tectona), also called jati is a genus of tropical hardwood trees in the family Verbenaceae, native to the south and southeast of Asia, and is commonly found as a component of monsoon forest vegetation. ... Torque applied via an adjustable end wrench Relationship between force, torque, and momentum vectors in a rotating system In physics, torque can informally be thought of as rotational force or angular force which causes a change in rotational motion. ... Soundtrack refers to the recorded sound accompanying a visual medium such as a motion picture, television show, or video game. ...

See also

• Battle of Colachel
• British India

The naval Battle of Kulachal took place on 10 August 1741 (31 July OS) [1], when forces of Marthanda Varma, the Raja of the erstwhile Indian State of Travancore (also known as Tiruvitamkur) defeated forces of the Dutch East India Company (also known as VOC), and the allied Rani of... British India (otherwise known as The British Raj) was a historical period during which most of the Indian subcontinent, or present-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar, were under the colonial authority of the British Empire (Undivided India). ...

References

• Global Security

• Biddulph, Colonel John. The Pirates of the Malibar and an Englishwoman in India Two Hundred Years Ago. London: Smith, Elder & Co, 1907
• Saletor, Rajaram Narayan, Indian Pirates from the Earliest Times to the Present Day, Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, 1978
• Malgonkar, Manohar The Sea Hawk: Life and Battles of Kanhoji Angrey, Orient Paperbacks, circa 1984
• Risso, Patricia. Cross-Cultural Perceptions of Piracy: Maritime Violence in the Western Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf Region during a Long Eighteenth Century, Journal of World History - Volume 12, Number 2, Fall 2001, University of Hawai'i Press
• Ketkar, Dr. D.R. Sarkhel Kanhoji Angre ....Maratha Armar, Mrunmayi Rugvedi Prakashan, 1997

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