 A Bonneville Dam Kaplan turbine after 61 years of service The Kaplan turbine is a propeller-type water turbine that has adjustable blades. It was developed in 1913 by the Austrian professor Viktor Kaplan. Kaplan turbine Bonneville This image is from: http://www. ...
Kaplan turbine Bonneville This image is from: http://www. ...
Kaplan turbine and electrical generator cut-away view. ...
1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ...
Viktor Kaplan Viktor Kaplan (November 27, 1876 in Mürzzuschlag, Austria - August 23, 1934 in Unterach am Attersee, Austria) was an Austrian engineer and the inventor of the Kaplan turbine. ...
The Kaplan turbine was an evolution of the Francis turbine. Its invention allowed efficient power production in low head applications that was not possible with Francis turbines. Francis turbine (courtsey Voith-Siemens). ...
In fluid dynamics, head refers to the constant right hand side in the incompressible steady version of Bernoullis equation. ...
Kaplan turbines are now widely used throughout the world in high-flow, low-head power production.
Development Victor Kaplan obtained his first patent for an adjustable blade propeller turbine in 1912. But the development of a commercially successful machine would take another decade. Kaplan struggled with cavitation problems, and in 1922 abandoned his research for health reasons. 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
Cavitating propeller model in a water tunnel experiment Cavitation is the phenomenon where small and largely empty cavities are generated in a fluid, which expand to large size and then rapidly collapse, producing a sharp sound. ...
1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
In 1919 Kaplan installed a demonstration unit at Podebrady, Czechoslovakia. In 1922 Voith introduced an 1100 HP (about 800 kW) Kaplan turbine for use mainly on rivers. In 1925 an 8 MW unit went on line at Lilla Edet, Sweden. This marked the commercial success and wide spread acceptance of Kaplan turbines. 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Theory of operation
 Verticle Kaplan Turbine (courtsey Voith-Siemens). The Kaplan turbine is an inward flow reaction turbine, which means that the working fluid changes pressure as it moves through the turbine and gives up its energy. The design combines radial and axial features. Image File history File links S_vs_kaplan_schnitt_1_zoom. ...
Image File history File links S_vs_kaplan_schnitt_1_zoom. ...
A reaction is the following: In physics, a reaction (physics) is defined by Newtons third law: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The idea that any given force has a pair or opposite force. ...
The inlet is a scroll-shaped tube that wraps around the turbine's wicket gate. Water is directed tangentially, through the wicket gate, and spirals on to a propeller shaped runner, causing it to spin.
The outlet is a specially shaped draft tube that helps decelerate the water and recover kinetic energy. Kinetic jkljfkdffmdklcjenergy (SI unit: the [[klof its motion. ...
The turbine does not need to be at the lowest point of water flow, as long as the draft tube remains full of water. A higher turbine location, however, increases the suction that is imparted on the turbine blades by the draft tube. The resulting pressure drop may lead to cavitation. Cavitating propeller model in a water tunnel experiment Cavitation is the phenomenon where small and largely empty cavities are generated in a fluid, which expand to large size and then rapidly collapse, producing a sharp sound. ...
Variable geometry of the wicket gate and turbine blades allow efficient operation for a range of flow conditions. Kaplan turbine efficiencies are typically over 90%, but may be lower in very low head applications.
Current areas of research include CFD driven efficiency improvements and new designs that raise survival rates of fish passing through. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is the use of computers to analyze problems in fluid dynamics. ...
Applications Kaplan turbines are widely used throughout the world for electrical power production. They cover the lowest head hydro sites and are especially suited for high flow conditions. Image File history File links A fixed-blade turbine runner 15 feet 10 inches (4826 mm) diameter rated 28000 HP (20880 kW). ...
Image File history File links A fixed-blade turbine runner 15 feet 10 inches (4826 mm) diameter rated 28000 HP (20880 kW). ...
Inexpensive micro turbines are manufactured for individual power production with as little as two feet of head.
Large Kaplan turbines are individually designed for each site to operate at the highest possible efficiency, typically over 90%. They are very expensive to design, manufacture and install, but operate for decades.
Variations The Kaplan turbine is the most widely used of the propeller-type turbines, but several other variations exist:
Propeller turbines have non-adjustable propeller vanes. They are used in low cost, small installations. Commercial products exist for producing several hundred watts from only a few feet of head. The watt (symbol: W) is the SI derived unit of power. ...
In fluid dynamics, head refers to the constant right hand side in the incompressible steady version of Bernoullis equation. ...
Bulb or Tubular turbines are designed into the water delivery tube. A large bulb is centered in the water pipe which holds the generator, wicket gate and runner. Tubular turbines are a fully axial design, whereas Kaplan turbines have a radial wicket gate.
Pit turbines are bulb turbines with a gear box. This allows for a smaller generator and bulb.
Straflo turbines are axial turbines with the generator outside of the water channel, connected to the periphery of the runner.
S- turbines eliminate the need for a bulb housing by placing the generator outside of the water channel. This is accomplished with a jog in the water channel and a shaft connecting the runner and generator.
Tyson turbines are a fixed propeller turbine designed to be immersed in a fast flowing river, either permanently anchored in the river bed, or attached to a boat or barge. http://www. ...
 Verticle Kaplan Turbine (courtsey VERBUND-Austrian Hydro Power).
 Horizontal Bulb turbine. (courtsey VERBUND-Austrian Hydro Power).
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (953x572, 27 KB) // Summary Description Querschnitt durch die Maschinenhalle des Wallsee-Mitterkirchen source Verbund Donau-Prospekt Authorization Mit freundlicher Genehmigung der VERBUND-Austrian Hydro Power (www. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (953x572, 27 KB) // Summary Description Querschnitt durch die Maschinenhalle des Wallsee-Mitterkirchen source Verbund Donau-Prospekt Authorization Mit freundlicher Genehmigung der VERBUND-Austrian Hydro Power (www. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (956x515, 24 KB) // Summary Description Querschnitt durch die Maschinenhalle des Ottensheim-Wilhering source Verbund Donau-Prospekt Authorization Mit freundlicher Genehmigung der VERBUND-Austrian Hydro Power (www. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (956x515, 24 KB) // Summary Description Querschnitt durch die Maschinenhalle des Ottensheim-Wilhering source Verbund Donau-Prospekt Authorization Mit freundlicher Genehmigung der VERBUND-Austrian Hydro Power (www. ...
See also Hydraulic turbine and electrical generator. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Tidal power is a means of electricity generation achieved by capturing the energy contained in moving water mass due to tides. ...
WWII era steam turbine used for ship propulsion. ...
Kaplan turbine and electrical generator cut-away view. ...
External links - Toshiba Turbines
- Micro Propeller Turbine
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