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Kapustin Yar (Russian Капустин Яр; today Знаменск/Znamensk) is a Russian rocket launch and development site in the Astrakhan Oblast, between Volgograd and Astrakhan. It was established 13 May 1946 and in its beginning used technology, material, and scientific support from defeated Germany. The first rocket was launched on October 18, 1947. It was one of eleven German A-4s (the V-2 rocket) that had been captured. Numerous test rockets for the Russian military, satellite and elevator research rocket launches were also carried out at the site. Flag of Astrakhan Oblast Astrakhan Oblast (Russian: ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). ...
(help· info) (Russian: ) (population: 1,012,000), formerly called (help· info) (, Tsaritsyn) (1598–1925) and (help· info) () (1925–1961) is a city in and the administrative center of Volgograd Oblast, Russia. ...
Astrakhan coat of arms features the Khans crown and a sabre Astrakhan (Russian: ; Tatar: Ästerxan), a major city in southern European Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast. ...
October 18 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in Leap years). ...
1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ...
The V-2 rocket or Vergeltungswaffe 2 (Reprisal weapon 2) was an early ballistic missile used by the German Army during the later stages of World War II against mostly British and Belgian targets. ...
A satellite is any object that orbits another object (which is known as its primary). ...
A Black Brant XII launching from Wallops Island. ...
- The 4-th Missile Test Range "Kapustin Yar" was established by a Decrete of Council of Ministers of USSR "On Questions of Jet Propulsed Weapons" of 13 May 1946. The test range was created under the supervision of general-leutenant Vasily Voznyuk (commander in chief of the test range 1946..1973) in desert north end of Astrakhan region.
- State R&D Test Range No 8 (GNIIP-8, "test range S") was established at Kapustin Yar in June 1951.
With the further growth and development, the site became a cosmodrome and served in this function between 1966-1987. A new town was established, Znamensk, to support the scientists working on the facilities, their families and supporting personnel. Initially this was a secret city, not to be found on map and inaccessible to outsiders. A spaceport is a site for launching spacecraft, by analogy with airport for aircraft. ...
Evidence of the importance of Kapustin Yar was obtained by Western Intelligence through debriefing of returning German scientists and spy flights. The first such flight took place in 1953 using a high flying plane from the RAF. The Royal Air Force (often abbreviated to RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ...
Kapustin Yar is also the site of numerous Soviet-era UFO sightings, though many to all are suspected to have been connected with the missile tests run from the site. UFO can mean: Unidentified flying object United Future Organization, a Japanese-Brazilian electronic jazz band UFO, the rock band that previously featured Michael Schenker UFO, the Gerry Anderson TV series United Farmers of Ontario, a political party that formed the government in Ontario from 1919 to 1923 U.F.O...
Things tested/launched - A-4 (V-2) Oct 1947
- Articul T (exact copy of V-2) 18-Oct-1947
- S-25 Berkut
- R-1 10-Oct-1948
- R-11FM 3-Jan-1955
- R-5M 20-Jan-1955
- R-5M 2-Feb-1956 with standard nuclear warhead.
- R-12 22-Jun-1957
- R-13 Mar 1959
- R-14 Usovaya 6-Jul-1960
- R-14U 11-Feb-1962
- 11K63 Cosmos 16-Mar-1962
- RT-21M RSD-10 Pioneer 21-Sep-1974
- S-400 12-Feb-1999
The V-2 rocket or Vergeltungswaffe 2 (Reprisal weapon 2) was an early ballistic missile used by the German Army during the later stages of World War II against mostly British and Belgian targets. ...
The SA-1 Guild is the NATO reporting name for the S-25 Berkut (Russian С-25 Беркут - golden eagle) surface-to-air guided missile, the first operational SAM deployed by the Soviet Union. ...
Polish missile wz. ...
The R-5 (also known as the 8K51 and by the NATO reporting name SS-3 Shyster) was a Soviet IRBM designed by the Korolev Design Bureau. ...
The R-5 (also known as the 8K51 and by the NATO reporting name SS-3 Shyster) was a Soviet IRBM designed by the Korolev Design Bureau. ...
Dichlorodifluoromethane, or R-12, is a halomethane used as a refrigerant and propellant in aerosol sprays until its manufacture was discontinued due to concerns about damage to the ozone layer. ...
The R-13 was a submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) developed by the Soviet Union starting around 1955. ...
The R-14 Usovaya was a theatre ballistic missile developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. ...
Cosmos is name of a series of satellites which were launched by the Soviet Union and are being launched now by Russia. ...
RT-21M Pioneer missile and launcher on display in Kiev The RT-21M Pioneer was a medium-range ballistic missile with a nuclear warhead deployed by the Soviet Union from 1976 to 1988. ...
Considered as the worlds most sought after missile system in the world. ...
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