NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Karafuto Prefecture

**Karafuto (樺太)**

Capital	Toyohara
Area - Total - % water Image File history File links Download high resolution version (517x775, 6 KB)A map of Sakhalin, created with Online Map Creation. ... In politics, a capital (also called capital city or political capital â€” although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ... Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Ю́жно-Сахали́нск) is a city in Sakhalin, Russia, administrative center of the Sakhalin Oblast. ... This article explains the meaning of area as a Physical quantity. ...	76,400 km² 6.4% To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 10,000 kmÂ² and 100,000 kmÂ². ...
Population - Total (Jan 1, 2003) - Density January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Density (symbol: Ï - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per unit of volume. ...	600,000 8.4 / km²

Karafuto (樺太) is the Japanese name for the southern part of the island of Sakhalin or the entire island of Sakhalin. Through the Treaty of Portsmouth, Karafuto became a prefecture of Japan in 1907, with its capital at Toyohara. However, the name of the governmental office was not to, dō, fu, or ken (都道府県, the names for present-day prefectures) but rather chō (庁), so the name prefecture may be inaccurate. In 1945, with the defeat of Japan in World War II, the Japanese administration in Karafuto ceased to function, and in 1951, at the Treaty of San Francisco, Japan renounced its rights to Karafuto. Since that time, the southern part of Sakhalin has been a part of Russia (which was in 1952 and for four more decades part of the Soviet Union). It is still in question whether Japan does claim Karafuto as part of Japan or not. Regardless, it has been part of Japan and some Japanese political parties are still officially claiming it as part of Japan. On Japanese maps, Karafuto is considered to be no man's land. Sakhalin (Russian: ), also Saghalien, is a large elongated island in the North Pacific, lying between 45Â° 50 and 54Â° 24 N. It is part of the Russian Federation and is its largest island. ... Sakhalin (Russian: ), also Saghalien, is a large elongated island in the North Pacific, lying between 45Â° 50 and 54Â° 24 N. It is part of the Russian Federation and is its largest island. ... Treaty signing ceremony The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the Russo-Japanese War of 1904â€“05. ... The prefectures of Japan are the countrys 47 sub-national jurisdictions: one metropolis (éƒ½ to), Tokyo; one circuit (é“ dÅ), HokkaidÅ; two urban prefectures (åºœ fu), Osaka and Kyoto; and 43 other prefectures (çœŒ ken). ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Ю́жно-Сахали́нск) is a city in Sakhalin, Russia, administrative center of the Sakhalin Oblast. ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a large scale military conflict that took place between 1939 and 1945. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... Prime Minister Yoshida Shigeru of Japan, gave a speech on Reconciliation and rapport (å’Œè§£ã¨ä¿¡é ¼) in 1951 at San Francisco Peace conference. ... No Mans Land may refer to the following: No mans land, a term for a land that is not occupied or more specifically land that is under dispute between parties that wont occupy it because of fear or uncertainty. ...

History

Sakhalin was inhabited in the Neolithic Stone Age. Flint implements, like those found in Siberia, have been found at Dui and Kusunai in great numbers, as well as polished stone hatchets, like European examples, primitive pottery with decorations like those of the Olonets, and stone weights for nets. Afterwards a population to whom bronze was known left traces in earthen walls and kitchen-middens on the Aniva Bay. The Neolithic (or New Stone Age) was a period in the development of human technology that is traditionally the last part of the Stone Age. ... Stone Age fishing hook. ... Pebble beach made up of flint nodules eroded out of the nearby chalk cliffs, Cape Arkona, Rügen Flint (or flintstone) is a hard, sedimentary cryptocrystalline silica rock with a glassy appearance. ... Siberia Siberia (Russian: , common English transliterations: Sibirâ€™, Sibir; from the Tatar for â€œsleeping landâ€) is a vast region of Russia and northern Kazakhstan constituting almost all of northern Asia. ... Kusunai (or Kushunnai) is a Japanese settlement in Sakhalin which was attacked by the Soviet Union and since then has been occupied by Russia. ... Olonets is a city in Republic of Karelia, Russia, capital of the Olonets Raion. ... Assorted ancient bronze castings found as part of a cache, probably intended for recycling. ... Aniva Bay (Zaliv Aniva, Aniwa Bay, or Aniva Gulf) is located at the sourthern end of Sakhalin Island, Russia, north of the island of Hokkaido, Japan. ...

The indigenous people of Sakhalin are the Xianbei and Xiazhe tribes, who had a way of life based on fishing. The Chinese in the Ming dynasty knew the island as Kuyi (Chinese: 苦夷; Hanyu Pinyin: Kǔyí), and later as Kuye (Chinese: 庫頁; Hanyu Pinyin: Kùyè). According to the Book of Shengmu (Chinese: 聖武記; Hanyu Pinyin: Shèngwǔjì), the Ming sent 400 troops to Sakhalin in 1616, but later withdrew as there was considered be no threat to Chinese control of the island. A Ming boundary stone still exists on the island. Indigenous peoples are: Peoples living in an area prior to colonization by a state Peoples living in an area within a nation-state, prior to the formation of a nation-state, but who do not identify with the dominant nation. ... The Xianbei (é®®å‘, written XiÄnbÄ“i in pinyin or Hsien-pei in Wade-Giles) were a significant nomadic people residing in modern Manchuria and eastern Mongolia before migrating into areas of the modern Chinese provinces of Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, and Liaoning. ... Ming redirects here â€“ for other uses of this term see Ming (disambiguation) The Ming Dynasty (Chinese: æ˜Žæœ; Hanyu Pinyin: ) was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644. ... Pinyin (拼音, Pīnyīn) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to Hànyǔ Pīnyīn (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration to roman script) for Standard Mandarin used in the... Pinyin (拼音, Pīnyīn) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to Hànyǔ Pīnyīn (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration to roman script) for Standard Mandarin used in the... Pinyin (拼音, Pīnyīn) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to Hànyǔ Pīnyīn (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration to roman script) for Standard Mandarin used in the... Ming redirects here â€“ for other uses of this term see Ming (disambiguation) The Ming Dynasty (Chinese: æ˜Žæœ; Hanyu Pinyin: ) was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644. ... Events October 25 â€” Dirk Hartog makes the second recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil, at an island off the Western Australian coast Pocahontas arrives in England War between Venice and Austria Collegium Musicum founded in Prague Nicolaus Copernicus De revolutionibus is placed on the Index of Forbidden Books...

The Qing Empire also claimed sovereignty over the island and Sakhalin was under formal Chinese rule from the Jin Dynasty onwards. However, as the Chinese governments did not have a military presence on the island, people from both Japan and Russia attempted to colonise the island. The Japanese settlement of Ootomari was established in 1679. Cartographers of the Matsumae clan created a map of the island and called it "Kita-Ezo" (Northern Ezo, Ezo is the old name of Hokkaido). The 1686 Nerchinsk Treaty reaffirmed Sakhalin as Chinese territory. Nevertheless Russia started occupying the island, with an army made up of convicts, from the 18th century onwards. The Qing Dynasty (Manchu: daicing gurun; Chinese: 清朝; pinyin: qīng cháo; Wade-Giles: ching chao), sometimes known as the Manchu Dynasty, was founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China expanded into China proper and the surrounding territories of Inner Asia, establishing the... Jin may refer to: Jin Dynasty (265-420) Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) (Jinn) Jin, a state in China during the Spring and Autumn Period Later Jin Dynasty, founded in 1616 by Nurhaci Jin, a ruler of the Xia dynasty The Jin state of late Bronze Age Korea Jin, Chinese American... In politics and in history, a colony is a territory under the immediate political control of a geographically-distant state. ... Events January 24 - King Charles II of England disbands Parliament August 7 - The brigantine Le Griffon, which was commissioned by RenÃ© Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, is towed to the southern end of the Niagara River, to become the first ship to sail the upper Great Lakes. ... Hokkaido â–¶ (helpÂ· info) (åŒ—æµ·é“ HokkaidÅ, literal meaning: North Sea Route, Ainu: Mosir), formerly known as Ezo, is the second largest island and largest prefecture of Japan. ... Events The League of Augsburg is founded. ... Nerchinsk Treaty was the first treaty between Russia and China. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ...

Sakhalin became known to Europeans from the travels of Ivan Moskvitin and Martin Gerritz de Vries in the 17th century, and still better from those of Jean-François de La Pérouse (1787) and Ivan Krusenstern (1805). Both, however, regarded it as a peninsula, and were unaware of the existence of the Mamiya Strait or Strait of Tartary, which was discovered in 1809 by Mamiya Rinzo. LapÃ©rouse by FranÃ§ois Rude (1784-1855), in 1828 LapÃ©rouse Jean FranÃ§ois Galaup, count (comte) de La PÃ©rouse (August 23, 1741 - 1788) was a French naval officer and explorer whose expedition vanished in Oceania. ... 1787 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Adam Johann Ritter von Krusenstern was an Estonian Baltic German who became a Russian admiral and explorer. ... 1805 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Strait of Tartary (Gulf of Tartary, Gulf of Tatary, Tatar Strait, Tartar Strait, Strait of Tartar, also Mamiya Strait and Strait of Nevelskoi) strait in the Pacific Ocean dividing the Russian island of Sakhalin from mainland Asia (South-East Russia), connecting the Sea of Okhotsk on the north with the... Strait of Tartary (Gulf of Tartary, Gulf of Tatary, Tatar Strait, Tartar Strait, Strait of Tartar, also Chinese: éŸƒé¼æµ·å³½ , Japanese: , Mamiya Strait and Strait of Nevelskoi) is a strait in the Pacific Ocean dividing the Russian island of Sakhalin from mainland Asia (South-East Russia), connecting the Sea of Okhotsk on... 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Japan unilaterally proclaimed sovereignty over the whole island in 1845. However, the Russian navigator Gennady Nevelskoy definitively recorded the existence and navigability of this strait in 1849 and — in defiance of Qing claim — Russian settlers established coal mines, administration facilities, schools, prisons, churches on the island. The Xiazhes were killed or forced to move to the Asian mainland. 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Gennadi Nevelskoi (November 23 (O.S.) = December 5 (N.S.), 1813, Drakino, Soligalichsky District, Kostroma Oblast â€“ April 17 (O.S.) = April 29 (N.S.), 1876, St. ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... A family of Russian settlers in the Caucasus region, ca. ...

In 1855, Russia and Japan signed the Treaty of Shimoda, which declared that both nationals could inhabit the island: Russians in the north, and Japanese in the south, without a clear boundary between. Russia also agreed to dismantle its military base at Ootomari. Following the Opium War, Russia forced the Qing to sign the unequal Treaty of Aigun and Convention of Peking, under which China lost all territories north of Heilongjiang (Amur) and east of Ussuri, including Sakhalin, to Russia. A Czarist penal colony was established in 1857, but the southern part of the island was held by the Japanese until the 1875 Treaty of Saint Petersburg, when they ceded it to Russia in exchange for the Kuril islands. After the Russo-Japanese War, Russia and Japan signed the Treaty of Portsmouth of 1905, which resulted in the southern part of the island below 50° N reverting to Japan; the Russians retained the other three-fifths of the area. South Sakhalin was administrated by Japan as Karafuto-chō (樺太庁), with the capital Toyohara, today's Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk. 1855 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The Treaty of Shimoda was signed between the Russian Admiral Efimii Vasilevich Putiatin and Toshiakira Kawaji of Japan in the city of Shimoda, Japan, on February 7th, 1855. ... There were two Opium Wars between Britain and China. ... The Treaty of Aigun was the Russian-Chinese treaty that established the modern borders of the Russian Far East. ... The Convention of Peking (October 18, 1860), also known as the First Convention of Peking, was a treaty between the Qing Government of China and the British Empire, and between China and France, and China and Russia. ... Heilongjiang (Simplified Chinese: é»‘é¾™æ±Ÿçœ; Traditional Chinese: é»‘é¾æ±Ÿçœ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Postal System Pinyin: Heilungkiang) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. ... The Amur River (Russian: ÐÐ¼ÑƒÑ€; Simplified Chinese: é»‘é¾™æ±Ÿ; Traditional Chinese: é»‘é¾æ±Ÿ; Hanyu Pinyin: , or Black Dragon River; Mongolian: Ð¥Ð°Ñ€Ð°-ÐœÑƒÑ€ÑÐ½, Khara-Muren or Black River; Manchu: Sahaliyan Ula, literal meaning Black River) is one of the worldâ€™s ten longest rivers, forming the border between the Russian Far East and Manchuria in China. ... The Ussuri River (Chinese: Wūsūlǐ Jīang 乌苏里江, Russian: река Уссури) is a river in south east Russia, flowing north, forming part of the Chinese border, to the Amur River. ... Tsar, (Bulgarian цар�, Russian царь; often spelled Czar or Tzar in English), was the title used for the autocratic rulers of the First and Second Bulgarian Empires since 913, in Serbia in the middle of the 14th century, and in Russia from 1547 to 1917. ... A Penal Colony is a colony used to detain prisoners and generally use them for penal labor in an economically underdeveloped part of the states (usually colonial) territories, and on a far larger scale than the prison farm. ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1875 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Treaty of Saint Petersburg was signed in 1875 between Japan and Russia. ... The Kuril Islands The Kuril Islands (Russian: Кури́льские острова́), also known as Kurile Islands, stretch northeast from Hokkaido, Japan, to Kamchatka, separating the Sea of Okhotsk from the North Pacific Ocean. ... Combatants Imperial Russia Empire of Japan Commanders Strength 500,000 Soldiers 400,000 Soldiers Casualties 125,000 Killed or Wounded 85,000 Killed or Wounded {{{notes}}} Greater Manchuria, Russian (outer) Manchuria is region to upper right in lighter Red; Liaodong Peninsula is the wedge extending into the Yellow Sea The... Treaty signing ceremony The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the Russo-Japanese War of 1904â€“05. ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Ю́жно-Сахали́нск) is a city in Sakhalin, Russia, administrative center of the Sakhalin Oblast. ...

There were claims after the war in a German newspaper that at least one BV 222 from Norway flew via the pole to Karafuto, then part of Japanese territory prior to April 1944 whilst wearing Deutsche Lufthansa markings. Also during wartime, one German family who lived in the area was mentioned in an official census of the province. The Blohm + Voss BV 222 Wiking (Viking) was a large German flying boat of World War II. The BV 222 Wiking six-engined flying boat was originally ordered in September 1937 by Deutsche Lufthansa as a civil flying boat, but was quickly taken over as a military transport. ... Lufthansa Boeing 737 Lufthansa Airbus A300 Lufthansa Avro RJ-85 Lufthansa is the name of the largest German airline company, headquartered in Cologne. ...

In August 1945, the Soviet Union took over the control of Sakhalin. The Soviet attack on South Sakhalin started on August 11, 1945, about a month before the surrender of Japan. The 56th Rifle Corps consisting of the 79th Rifle Division, the 2nd Rifle Brigade, the 5th Rifle Brigade and the 214 Armored Brigade attacked the Japanese 88th Division. Although the Red Army outnumbered the Japanese by three to one, they couldn't advance due to strong Japanese resistance. It was not until the 113th Rifle Brigade and the 365th Independent Naval Infantry Rifle Battalion from Sovietskaya Gavan (Советская Гавань) landed on Tōrō (塔路), a seashore village of western Sakhalin on August 16 that the Soviets broke the Japanese defense line. Japanese resistance grew weaker after this landing. Actual fighting continued until August 21 and this combat was petty. From August 22 to August 23, most of the remaining Japanese units announced a truce. The Soviets completed the conquest of Sakhalin on August 25, 1945 by occupying the capital of Sakhalin, Toyohara. 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... August 11 is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Surrender of Japan in August 1945 brought World War II to a close. ... Toro (Russian: Ð¢Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾, Japanese: å¡”è·¯) is a town in Sakhalin, Russia. ... August 22 is the 234th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (235th in leap years), with 131 days remaining. ... August 23 is the 235th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (236th in leap years), with 130 days remaining. ... August 25 is the 237th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (238th in leap years), with 128 days remaining. ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...

According to Japanese sources, thousands of civilians were killed in Karafuto (see Evacuation of Karafuto and Kuriles for details). The evacuation of Karafuto and the Kuriles refers to the events that took place as the Japanese population left that area, as well as from other Japanese lands, in August 1945, as also Chosen, Kwantung and Manchukuo were evacuated. ...

Since January 2, 1947, the Sakhalin Region, in its present form, was officially defined and integrated as a part of the Russian Federation. January 2 is the second day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

No final peace treaty has been signed, and the status of the neighbouring Kuril Islands remain disputed. Japan renounced its claims of sovereignty over southern Sakhalin in the Treaty of San Francisco (1952), but did not approve Russian sovereignty over it. From Japan's official position, Sakhalin's attribution is not determined yet, and it is marked as no man's land on Japanese maps. As of 2005, the issue remains a major strain on Japanese-Russian relations. Even now, no official peace treaty has been signed between the two nations. For the political history of the sovereignty conflict, see Kuril Islands dispute. ... Prime Minister Yoshida Shigeru of Japan, gave a speech on Reconciliation and rapport (å’Œè§£ã¨ä¿¡é ¼) in 1951 at San Francisco Peace conference. ... 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... No Mans Land may refer to the following: No mans land, a term for a land that is not occupied or more specifically land that is under dispute between parties that wont occupy it because of fear or uncertainty. ... The relations between the modern Russia and Japan are a natural continuation of the Japanese-Soviet relations from the period when Russia was part of the Soviet Union. ...

Currently, the Japanese government run by Liberal Democratic Party does not have an official claim on Karafuto. However, socialist parties and other parties have claimed its territories to be Japanese. Its status is still vague since Japan officially does not recognize Russian occupation of Karafuto. Japan insists on bringing this issue to international court, but Russia so far has refused.

Geography

The prefecture of Karafuto incorporated several smaller islands, including Kaihyo Island, Hinode Bana Rock in Aniwa Gulf, Totomi-Shiri or Kaiba Island, and Kiken Island.

Mountains

Karafuto is a very mountainous area. Its highest mountain is Mount Shikuka 敷香岳(1,375 km). Then come the following:

Mount Fushimi (ä¼ç¾Žå²³, fushimidake) is located in the Hidaka Mountains, Hokkaido, Japan. ... Akō (赤穂市; -shi) is a city located in Hyogo, Japan. ... Oha (ÐžÑ…Ð°), city in Russia, the Sakhalin area (Ð¡Ð°Ñ…Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð½ÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°ÑÑ‚ÑŒ), population - 29,000 (2003). ...

Lakes

Rivers

Bays and gulfs

Aniva Bay (Zaliv Aniva, Aniwa Bay, or Aniva Gulf) is located at the sourthern end of Sakhalin Island, Russia, north of the island of Hokkaido, Japan. ...

Capes and peninsulas

Plains

Isthmuses

Straits

Important ports

See also: List of cities in Karafuto Sakhalin (Russian: ), also Saghalien, is a large elongated island in the North Pacific, lying between 45Â° 50 and 54Â° 24 N. It is part of the Russian Federation and is its largest island. ... Kholmsk is a city in Sakhalin, Russia, administrative center of the Sakhalin Oblast. ... Sakhalin (Russian: ), also Saghalien, is a large elongated island in the North Pacific, lying between 45Â° 50 and 54Â° 24 N. It is part of the Russian Federation and is its largest island. ... Ohka at the Yasukuni Shrine The Yokosuka MXY-7 Ohka (æ¡œèŠ± cherry blossom) was a purpose-built kamikaze aircraft employed by Japan towards the end of World War II. The US gave the aircraft the Japanese name Baka (fool). It was a small flying bomb that was carried underneath a Mitsubishi... This is a list of cities in Karafuto by their Japanese names. ...

Climate

Owing to the influence of the raw, foggy Sea of Okhotsk, the climate is very cold. At Dui the average yearly temperature is only 0.5° C (January -15.9°; July 16.1°), 1.7° at Kushunkotan and 3.1° at Aniwa (January, -12.5°; July, 15.7°). At Mamiya near Dui the annual range is from 27° in July to -39° in January, while at Rutaka in the interior the minimum is -45° C. The rainfall averages 570 mm. Thick clouds for the most part shut out the sun; while the cold current from the Sea of Okhotsk, aided by northeast winds, brings immense ice floes to the east coast in summer. Sea of Okhotsk The Sea of Okhotsk (named after Okhotsk, the first Russian settlement in the Far East) is a part of the western Pacific Ocean, lying between the Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, the island of Hokkaido to the far south, the island...

During the winter, the Sea of Okhotsk turns to ice, rendering the northern coast impassable to marine traffic, and halting the lucrative fisheries there until the thaw.

Major cities

Karafuto's largest city was Toyohara. Other major cities included Esutoru in the North Central and Maoka in the south central region. In the north, there was a city called Ako (Alexandovsk in north Sakhalin) penal colony by the Russians. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Ю́жно-Сахали́нск) is a city in Sakhalin, Russia, administrative center of the Sakhalin Oblast. ... Kholmsk is a city in Sakhalin, Russia, administrative center of the Sakhalin Oblast. ...

Karafuto, like Hokkaido, was divided into sub-prefectures:
Hokkaido â–¶ (helpÂ· info) (åŒ—æµ·é“ HokkaidÅ, literal meaning: North Sea Route, Ainu: Mosir), formerly known as Ezo, is the second largest island and largest prefecture of Japan. ...

cities
- Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Toyohara) (豊原)
- Ochiai (Dolinsk) (落合)
- Rutaka (留多加) Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Ю́жно-Сахали́нск) is a city in Sakhalin, Russia, administrative center of the Sakhalin Oblast. ... Dolinsk is a city in Sakhalin, Russia, administrative center of the Sakhalin Oblast. ...

cities
- Honto (本斗)
- Naihoro (内幌)
- Maoka (Kholmsk) (真岡)
- Noda (野田) Kholmsk is a city in Sakhalin, Russia, administrative center of the Sakhalin Oblast. ... Noda (Japanese: 野田市; -shi) is a city located in Chiba, Japan. ...

cities
- Chinnai (珍内)
- Esutoru (恵須取)
- Toro (塔路)
- Nayoshi (名好) Toro (Russian: Ð¢Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾, Japanese: å¡”è·¯) is a town in Sakhalin, Russia. ...

Economy

Name

The Japanese name consists of two kanji, the former (樺) meaning "birch" and the latter (太) meaning "fat." It was formerly known as Kita Ezo. In the Ainu language, the name can be rendered Karaputo, Karaftu, or Kraftu. Japanese writing Kanji æ¼¢å— Kana ä»®å Hiragana å¹³ä»®å Katakana ç‰‡ä»®å Uses Furigana æŒ¯ã‚Šä»®å Okurigana é€ã‚Šä»®å Romaji ãƒãƒ¼ãƒžå— Kanji ( (helpÂ· info), literally Han characters), is a Japanese writing system which is derived from Chinese characters (Hanzi). ... The Ainu language (Ainu: ã‚¢ã‚¤ãƒŒ ã‚¤ã‚¿ã‡°, aynu itak; Japanese: ã‚¢ã‚¤ãƒŒèªž, ainu-go) is spoken by the Ainu ethnic group on the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido. ...

Sakhalin (Russian: ), also Saghalien, is a large elongated island in the North Pacific, lying between 45Â° 50 and 54Â° 24 N. It is part of the Russian Federation and is its largest island. ... Sakhalin (Russian: ), also Saghalien, is a large elongated island in the North Pacific, lying between 45Â° 50 and 54Â° 24 N. It is part of the Russian Federation and is its largest island. ...

Contents

History

Geography

Mountains

Lakes

Rivers

Bays and gulfs

Capes and peninsulas

Plains

Isthmuses

Straits

Important ports

Climate

Major cities

Economy

Name

See also

External links

Contents

History GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Geography

Mountains

Lakes

Rivers

Bays and gulfs

Capes and peninsulas

Plains

Isthmuses

Straits

Important ports

Climate

Major cities

Economy

Name

See also

External links

History