- For other uses of Karelia, see Karelia (disambiguation).
The Republic of Karelia (Russian: Респу́блика Каре́лия; Karelian: Karjalan Tazavalla) is a federal subject of the Russian Federation (a republic). The direct transliteration of the republic's name is Respublika Kareliya. Karelia is called Karjala in Finnish.
Geography The Republic is located in the north-western part of the Russian Federation, taking intervening position between the basins of White and Baltic seas. The White Sea shore line is 630 km.
The most part of the republic's territory (148,000 km², or 85%) is comprised of state forest stock. The total growing stock of timber resources in the forests of all categories and ages is 807 million m³. The mature and overmature tree stock amounts to 411.8 million m³, of which 375.2 million m³ is coniferous.
- Area: 172,400 km².
- Borders:
- Highest point: no data.
The Regions of North and South Karelia lie in Finland and the Karelian Republic in Russia. The Karelian Isthmus is part of the Leningrad Oblast. Map of the region with the Republic of Karelia highlighted
Time zone The Republic of Karelia is located in the Moscow Time Zone (MSK/MSD). UTC offset is +0300 (MSK)/+0400 (MSD).
Rivers There are 27,000 rivers in Karelia. Major rivers include: - Vodla River (400 km)
- Kem River
- Kovda River
- Shuya River
- Suna River
- Vyg River
Lakes There are 60,000 lakes in Karelia. Republic's lakes and swamps contain about 2,000 km³ of high-quality fresh water. Lake Ladoga and Lake Onego are the largest lakes in Europe. Other lakes include: - Nyuk Lake
- Pyaozero Lake
- Segozero Lake
- Syamozero Lake
- Topozero Lake
- Vygozero Lake
Natural Resources 50 useful minerals are found in Karelia, located in more than 400 deposits and orebearing layers. Natural resources of the republic include iron ore, diamonds, vanadium, molybdenum, and others.
Administrative division - Main article: Administrative division of the Republic of Karelia
Demographics Karelia is populated chiefly by Russians (73.6% of the population) and (ethnically Finnic) Karelians (10.0%). Other ethnic groups include Belarusians (7.0%), Ukrainians (3.6%), and Finns (2.3%). - Population: 716,281 (2002)
- Urban: 537.395 (75.0%)
- Rural: 178,886 (25.0%)
- Male: 331,505 (46.3%)
- Female: 384,776 (53.7%)
- Females per 1000 males: 1,161
- Average age: 37.1 years
- Urban: 35.9 years
- Rural: 40.6 years
- Male: 33.9 years
- Female: 39.9 years
- Number of households: 279,915 (with 701,314 people)
- Urban: 208,041 (with 525,964 people)
- Rural: 71,874 (with 175,350 people)
History Historically Karelia was a region to the northwest of Russia, east of present-day Finland. From the 13th century and onwards various parts were conquered by Sweden, and incorporated into Swedish Karelia until they were lost to Russia by the Treaty of Åbo in the middle or the 18th century.
In 1923 the province became the Karelian ASSR (Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic). From 1940 it was made into the Karelo-Finnish SSR, incorporating the Finnish Democratic Republic created during the Winter War. Occupied territories incorporated into Karelo-Finnish SSR after Winter War but not after Continuation War. Name was changed back to a ASSR in 1956. During the Continuation War in 1941 Finland occupied parts of the area but was forced to withdraw in 1944.
The autonomous Republic of Karelia in its present form was formed on November 13, 1991.
Politics The head of government in the Republic of Karelia is the President. As of 2004, the president is Sergey Leonidovich Katanandov, who was elected in May of 2002.
Culture The Karelian language is close to Finnish, and has in recent years become considered a dialect of Finnish. Finnish and Russian are the official languages of the republic.
Related articles
External links - Official website of the Republic of Karelia (http://gov.karelia.ru/gov/index1.html) (in English, Russian, and Finnish)
- Karelia.ru web server (http://www.karelia.ru) (in English, Russian, and Finnish)
- Window to Karelia server (http://www.onego.ru/english.html) (in English, Russian, Karelian, and Finnish)
- Heninen.net (http://heninen.net/list.cgi?L=0) - various information about Karelia (in English, Russian, and Finnish)
- Information about Karelians (http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/karelians.shtml) (in English)
- Virtual Finland (http://virtual.finland.fi/finfo/english/karjala.html) - "The Many Karelias" article (in English)
- Russian Business Site (http://www.russianbusinesssite.com/maps/karelia.html) - Map of the Republic of Karelia (in Russian)
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