Karl August Fritz Schiller (April 24, 1911 in Breslau - December 26, 1994 in Hamburg) was a German scientist and politician (SPD). From 1966 to 1972, he was Federal Minister of Economic Affairs and from 1971 to 1972 Federal Minister of Finance. He was the inventor of the magic square, depicting Economic equilibrium, and of the Concerted activity (Konzertierte Aktion) to reflate the German market. He is thus seen as one of the most important economists beside Ludwig Erhard. April 24 is the 114th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (115th in leap years). ... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... Wrocław. ... December 26 is the 360th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, 361st in leap years. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... Hamburg from above Hamburgs motto: May the posterity endeavour with dignity to conserve the freedom, which the forefathers acquired. ... The physicist Albert Einstein is probably the most famous scientist of our time. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Social Democratic Party of Germany Spectral Power Density ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... The Federal Ministry for Economics and Labour (Germany: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Arbeit) was a Ministry of German Federal Government between 2002 and 2005. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... The Federal Minister of Finance is the member of the Cabinet of Germany in charge of the Federal Ministry of Finance. ... Price of market balance In economics, economic equilibrium is simply a state of the world where economic forces are balanced and in the abscence of external shocks the (equilibrium) values of economic variables will not change. ... Ludwig Erhard (February 4, 1897–May 5, 1977) was a German politician (CDU) and Chancellor of Germany from 1963 until 1966. ...

Education and career

From 1931, after passing the Abitur, Schiller studied Economics and Law science at Kiel, Frankfurt am Main, Berlin and Heidelberg. In 1935, he finished his studies and got his Doctorate in Politics. From 1935 to 1941, he researched at the Institut für Weltwirtschaft in Kiel. In 1939, Schiller made his Habilitation. After taking part in World War II as a soldier from 1941 to 1945, Schiller became Professor at the University of Hamburg, where he became Principal from 1956 to 1958. In the meantime, from 1948 to 1966, he was a member of the scientific advisory board of the Federal Ministry for Economics. Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... Abitur (from Latin abire = go away, go off) is the word commonly used in Germany for the final exams young adults (aged 18, 19 or 20) take at the end of their secondary education, usually after 12 or 13 years of schooling. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Kiel ( ) is a city in northern Germany and the capital of the Bundesland Schleswig-Holstein. ... Frankfurt am Main [ˈfraŋkfʊrt] is the largest city in the German state of Hessen and the fifth largest city of Germany. ... Berlin is the capital city and one of the sixteen states of the Federal Republic of Germany. ... A view of the city from the castle (Schloss) A view of stone bridge from the castle (Schloss) The castle (Schloss) above the town Shopping district Heidelberg and the other cities of the Neckar valley View from the so called alley of philosophers (Philosophenweg) towards the Old Town, with Heidelberg... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Politics is the process by which groups make decisions. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... Kiel ( ) is a city in northern Germany and the capital of the Bundesland Schleswig-Holstein. ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Habilitation is a term used within the university system in France, Germany, Austria, and some other European countries such as the German-speaking part of Switzerland, in Bulgaria, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, and countries of former Soviet Union, such as Armenia, Azerbaijan, Moldova, Kirgizstan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Uzbekistan... Combatants Allied Powers: United Kingdom France Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Axis Powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... A professor giving a lecture The meaning of the word professor (Latin: one who claims publicly to be an expert) varies. ... The University of Hamburg was founded on the 1 April 1919 by Wilhelm Stern and others. ... A principal is: The head of an educational institution. ... Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... The Federal Ministry for Economics and Labour (Germany: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Arbeit) was a Ministry of German Federal Government between 2002 and 2005. ...

Political career

Although he was a member of the NSDAP during World War II, Schiller became a member of the SPD in 1946. He stayed in the party to 1972 and again from 1980 on. From 1965 to 1972, he was a member of the Bundestag for the SPD, where he became assistant chairman of the SPD faction. The Nazi swastika The National Socialist German Workers Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei), better known as the NSDAP or the Nazi Party was a political party that was led to power in Germany by Adolf Hitler in 1933. ... Combatants Allied Powers: United Kingdom France Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Axis Powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33... Social Democratic Party of Germany Spectral Power Density ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... The Bundestag (Federal Diet) is the parliament of Germany. ... Social Democratic Party of Germany Spectral Power Density ... A political faction is presently an informal grouping of individuals, especially within a political organisation, such as a political party, a trade union, or other group with some kind of political purpose (referred to in this article as the “broader organisation”). It may also be referred to as a power...

From 1948 to 1953 and again from 1961 to 1965, Schiller was Senator for economy in Hamburg, serving under mayor Willy Brandt in his second term of office. Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... A senate is a deliberative body, often the upper house or chamber of a legislature. ... Hamburg from above Hamburgs motto: May the posterity endeavour with dignity to conserve the freedom, which the forefathers acquired. ... Willy Brandt, born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm (December 18, 1913 - October 8, 1992) was a German politician, Chancellor of West Germany 1969 – 1974, and leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1964 – 1987. ...

From 1966 to 1972, he was Federal Minister of Economic Affairs in the Grand coalition under Bundeskanzler Kurt Georg Kiesinger. He worked together with Ludwig Erhard, then Federal Minister of Finance, in the Concerted activity. In this time, they were known as Plisch und Plum after figures invented by Wilhelm Busch. 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... The Federal Ministry for Economics and Labour (Germany: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Arbeit) was a Ministry of German Federal Government between 2002 and 2005. ... A grand coalition is a coalition government in a parliamentary system where political parties representing a vast majority of the parliament unite in a coalition. ... Bundeskanzler (Federal Chancellor) is the formal title in German for: The head of the German federal government: Chancellor of Germany The head of the Austrian federal government: Chancellor of Austria A Swiss federal government official: List of Federal Chancellors of Switzerland The female version of the title is Bundeskanzlerin. ... Kurt Georg Kiesinger (April 6, 1904–March 9, 1988) was a conservative German politician and Chancellor of Germany from 1 December 1966 until 21 October , 1969. ... Ludwig Erhard (February 4, 1897–May 5, 1977) was a German politician (CDU) and Chancellor of Germany from 1963 until 1966. ... The Federal Minister of Finance is the member of the Cabinet of Germany in charge of the Federal Ministry of Finance. ... Works (with the year of publication) 1864 Bilderpossen 1865 Max and Moritz 1866 Schnaken und Schnurren 1867 Hans Huckebein der Unglücksrabe 1868 Schnaken und Schnurren, part II 1869 Schnurrdiburr oder die Bienen Braun 1870 Der heilige Antonius von Padua 1872 Schnaken und Schnurren, part III 1872 Die fromme Helene...

In the first cabinet of Willy Brandt, Schiller was Federal Minister of Finance from 1971 to 1972 after the demission of Alex Möller. On July 7, 1972, Schiller demissioned, thus protesting against Brandts economic decisions. Willy Brandt, born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm (December 18, 1913 - October 8, 1992) was a German politician, Chancellor of West Germany 1969 – 1974, and leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 1964 – 1987. ... The Federal Minister of Finance is the member of the Cabinet of Germany in charge of the Federal Ministry of Finance. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Alexander Johann Heinrich Friedrich Möller, known as Alex Möller (April 26, 1903 in Dortmund - October 2, 1985 in Karlsruhe) was a German politician (SPD). ... July 7 is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 177 days remaining. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ...

Honours

In 1991, Schiller was honoured with the Großer Bundesverdienstorden. 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Bundesverdienstkreuz (the official name is Verdienstorden der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany) is the only general Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. ...

External links

• Obituary in the New York Times: [1]
• Biography in German: [2]
• Dissertation about Karl Schiller from 2006 (in German): [3] and [4]

The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ...

Notes

• This article incorporates text translated from the corresponding German Wikipedia article as of February 11, 2007.