Karlovac

Karlovac (Croatia)

Karlovac municipality within Karlovac county

Karlovac

Karlovac (German: Karlstadt or Carlstadt, Hungarian: Károlyváros and sometimes in Croatian, "Marinograd") is a city and municipality in central Croatia. The city proper has a population of 49,082, while the whole municipality has a population of 59,395 inhabitants (2001). Image File history File links Karlovac_(grb). ... Karlovac county - Karlovačka županija is a county in central Croatia, with the administrative center in Karlovac. ... The Croatian Democratic Union (Croatian: Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednica, HDZ), is a Croatian political party. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2631x2170, 462 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Osijek Slavonski Brod Slatina, Croatia Virovitica Split Rijeka ÄŒakovec Solin Gospić Bjelovar Bilje User:Elephantus/Test... Image File history File links Red_pog. ... Image File history File links KarlobagMunicipality. ... Image File history File links KarlobagMunicipality. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 170 KB) By de:User:Bigbrother first upload in de wikipedia on 12:12, 21. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 170 KB) By de:User:Bigbrother first upload in de wikipedia on 12:12, 21. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Karlovac is the administrative centre of Karlovac county. The city is located on the Zagreb-Rijeka highway and railway line, 56 km south-west of Zagreb and 130 km from Rijeka. Karlovac county - Karlovačka županija is a county in central Croatia, with the administrative center in Karlovac. ... Zagreb (pronounced ) is the capital and largest city of Croatia. ... Rijeka (in local Croatian dialects Rika and Reka; Fiume in Italian and Hungarian. ...

History

Karlovac was built from scratch in 1579 under the in order to strengthen Austria's southern defences against Ottoman encroaches. It was founded as a six-pointed star fortress built on the Zrinski estate near the old town of Dubovac at the confluence of the Kupa, Korana, Mrežnica and Dobra rivers. The unique star shape can still be seen around the town. It was originally known as Karlstadt, Carlstadt, or Carlstatt ("Charles's Town" in German), after Archduke Charles II of Austria, upon whose orders construction began on July 13, 1579. The architect of the city was Matija Gambon. Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 Osman I  - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI... Fortifications (Latin fortis, strong, and facere, to make) are military constructions designed for defensive warfare. ... The Zrinski family, known also as Zrínyi in Hungarian, was a Croatian noble family, influential in the Croato-Hungarian Kingdom during the period in history marked by the Ottoman wars in Europe. ... Coat of arms Dubovac is a village in eastern Croatia, just south of Okučani. ... Kupa (Slovenian Kolpa) is a river in Croatia and on the border with Slovenia. ... Korana is a river in central Croatia. ... The river Mrežnica is one of four rivers located in Karlovac, Croatia. ... The Dobra is the currency currently in use in the west African island country of Sao Tome and Principe. ... Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria ( Vienna June 3, 1540 – July 10, 1590 in Graz) was an Archduke of Austria and Regent of Inner Austria from the House of Habsburg from 1564. ... July 13 is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 171 days remaining. ... Events January 6 - The Union of Atrecht united the southern Netherlands under the Duke of Parma, governor in the name of king Philip II of Spain. ... This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...

The first church (of the Holy Trinity) was built in the central square in 1580, but all of the city buildings burned down in the fire of 1594. The forces of the Ottoman Empire laid siege to Karlovac seven times, the last time in 1672, but failed to occupy it. The plague epidemic of 1773 was also a notable threat to the city, decimating almost half the population at the time. This article concerns the holy Trinity of Christianity. ... Events March 1 - Michel de Montaigne signs the preface to his most significant work, Essays. ... Events February 27 - Henry IV is crowned King of France at Rheims. ... Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 Osman I  - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI... Events England, France, Munster and Cologne invade the United Provinces, therefore this name is know as ´het rampjaar´ (the disaster year) in the Netherlands. ... Bubonic plague is the best-known variant of the deadly infectious disease plague, which is caused by the enterobacteria Yersinia pestis. ... 1773 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

As a military outpost of the Habsburg Empire, Karlovac was the site of the trial and execution of the best-known leader of the rebel Uskoks from the coastal fort of Sinj, Ivan Vlatković. He was executed in Karlovac on 3 July 1612 as an example to his troops who were creating difficulties for the Habsurgs by their piracy against Venetian shipping on the Adriatic Sea, and by marauding raids into the Ottoman hinterland. When the Treaty of Madrid was concluded in 1617, bringing an end to the war between Spain and the Habsburg Empire, under the terms of the treaty the Uskok families were forcibly removed from Sinj and disbanded into the hinterland, most notably in the Žumberak hills near Karlovac. The uskoks (sing. ...

Meanwhile, the fort was becoming too crowded for the city's expanding population and the Military Frontier government could not allow for its further growth. On December 6, 1693 the city received some limited self-government. Queen Maria Theresa, after long insistence from the Croatian Parliament, restored the towns of Karlovac and Rijeka to the Croatian crownland on August 9, 1776. King Joseph II reaffirmed it as a free town with an official charter in 1781, allowing the citizens to expand the city and exploit the potential of being at the crossroads of paths from the Pannonian plains to the Adriatic coast. The town blossomed in the 18th and 19th centuries with the development of roads to the seaside and waterways along the Kupa River. Military Frontier (Military Border, Military Krajina, Vojna Krajina, Војна Крајина, Militärgrenze, Confiniaria militaria) was a borderland of Habsburg Austria which acted as the cordon sanitaire against the Turks from the Middle Ages (Croatian Krajina) or from the late 17th and 18th centuries (Slavonian and Banat Krajina) until the 19th century. ... December 6 is the 340th day (341st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 11 - Eruption of Mt. ... Maria Theresa, Holy Roman Empress, Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia The worlds most famous coin, a silver thaler of Maria Theresa, dated 1780. ... The parliament of Croatia is called Hrvatski Sabor in Croatian - the word sabor means an assembly, a gathering, a congress. ... Rijeka (in local Croatian dialects Rika and Reka; Fiume in Italian and Hungarian. ... August 9 is the 221st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (222nd in leap years), with 144 days remaining. ... Year 1776 (MDCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II Joseph II (Joseph Benedict August Johannes Anton Michel Adam) (March 13, 1741 – February 20, 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. ... 1781 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The Pannonian Plain is a large plain in Central Europe that remained when the Pliocene Pannonian Sea (see below) dried out. ... A satellite image of the Adriatic Sea. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The town's fortunes declined in the 20th century, though it is currently recovering. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999...

Karlovac suffered much damage during the Croatian War of Independence (1991-1995). The southern sections of the city were close to the front lines between the Republic of Croatia and the rebel Serbs, and the neighborhoods of Turanj, Kamensko as well as parts of Mekušje, Mala Švarča and Logorište were devastated by shelling. The city center, the city hall and numerous other buildings were also damaged. Combatants Croatian Army Paramilitary organisations Bosnia and Herzegovina Republic of Serb Krajina Army Yugoslav Peoples Army Paramilitary organisations Commanders Franjo TuÄ‘man (President of Croatia) Anton Tus (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1991-1992) Janko Bobetko (Chief of Staff of Croatian Army 1992-1995) Slobodan MiloÅ¡ević (President... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Republic of Serb Krajina (Serbian: Република Српска Крајина, РСК; sometimes also translated Republic of Serbian Krajina) was a self-proclaimed Serbian entity in Croatia during the 1990s. ...

Karlovac's main industry is now its beer "Karlovačko", produced by Karlovačka pivovara. A selection of bottled beers A selection of cask beers Beer is the worlds oldest[1] and most popular[2] alcoholic beverage, selling more than 133 billion litres (35 billion gallons) per year - producing total global revenues of $331. ... Bottle of Karlovačko in Brna, Korčula. ... Logo of Karlovačka pivovara Karlovačka pivovara, d. ...

Description

Karlovac used to be known in Croatia as 'grad parkova' (the city of public parks) and 'grad na četiri rijeke' (the town built on four rivers) for its numerous green areas and four beautiful rivers, of which the Mrežnica, the Korana and the Kupa flow through built-up areas, and the Dobra is a few kilometers outside the city centre. These designations are now somewhat forgotten, but the beauty of the nature remains. A documentary film made by Veljko Bulajić in 1979 on the occasion of the 400th anniversary of the founding of the city plays much on that theme, and shows pictures of happy bathers on the Korana's Fogin beach (Foginovo kupalište) in the city centre. Veljko Bulajić is an actor and film director from Montenegro. ... For the song by the Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ...

One of the rarer trees found in the parks is the gingko biloba, which primary school children are taken out to see as part of their classes on nature and society. Most of the parks are planted in the former trenches dug around the old military fort that were once filled with water as an added layer of protection from the marauding Ottoman armies. One part of the city centre is still called Šanac ('trench') after those old trenches, which preserve the old hexagonal form of the historic centre. Binomial name Ginkgo biloba L. The Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), sometimes also known as the Maidenhair Tree, is a unique tree with no close living relatives. ...

Some notable residents

Zrinka Cvitešić (1979 - ) was born in Karlovac; a Croatian actress of theatre and film.

Jelka Glumičić (1941 - ) is a tireless human rights activist and founder of the Karlovac Human Rights Committee, Committee for Women's Rights, Helpline for Women and Children, and of a sheltered housing project for the aged. In 2005 she was nominated for Nobel Peace Prize together with a group of 1000 women activists from around the globe (see link here: http://www.1000peacewomen.org/eng/html/nominierte/treffer.php?ID=1461). "I can't tell when I first acted on what I have always felt strongly about: all human rights to every human being. It seems to me that I had a dream to act in that field as long as I can remember."

Dragojla Jarnević (alt. spel. Jarnjević), (Karlovac 1813-1875), was a poet, member of the Illyrian movement, writer on women's rights issues and an early mountaineer and rock-climber, famous for scaling the rock of Okić (stijena Okića).

Vjekoslav Karas (1821 - 1858) was a 19th century painter of Croatian fine art.

Ivan Mažuranić (1814 - 1890) was a famous poet, linguist and politician who worked as a lawyer in Karlovac in his early career. The picture of Ivan Mažuranić appears on the 100 kuna banknote. Ivan Mažuranić (1814-1890) was a Croatian poet, linguist and politician—probably the most important figure in Croatias cultural life in the mid-19th century. ...

Nikola Tesla (1856 - 1943), physicist who gave us the radio and the alternating current, is probably the most well-known emigré from Karlovac. He studied at the Karlovačka Gimnazija (Real Gymnasium of Karlovac) (http://www.gimnazija-karlovac.hr) between 1870-1873 before emigrating to United States. He is reputed to have turned down the Nobel Prize for physics twice, spurned Thomas Edison's offers of employment and developed a lasting friendship with the writer Mark Twain, who was photographed in his laboratory in 1894. (See the photograph here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Twain_in_Tesla%27s_Lab.jpg#filelinks ) Nikola Tesla (1856-1943)[1] was a world-renowned Serbian inventor, physicist, mechanical engineer and electrical engineer. ...

Demographics

According to the 2001 census, Karlovac had a total population of 59,395.

50,997 of its citizens are Croats (85.86%), 5,076 are Serbs (8.55%), 186 are Albanians (0.31%), 149 are Bosniaks (1.52%), 71 are ethnic Macedonians (0.12%), 59 are Montenegrins (0.10%), and the rest are other ethnicities. Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a South Slavic people mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. ... Languages Serbian Religions Predominantly Serbian Orthodox Christian Related ethnic groups Other Slavic peoples, especially South Slavs See Cognate peoples below Serbs (Serbian: Срби or Srbi) are a South Slavic people who live mainly in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and, to a lesser extent, in Croatia. ... The Bosniaks (Bosnian: BoÅ¡njaci, IPA: ) are a South Slav people living mainly in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Sandžak region of Serbia and Montenegro, with a smaller autochthonous population also present in Kosovo and Macedonia. ... Languages Macedonian Religions Macedonian Orthodox, Muslim, Protestant, Serbian Orthodox, Other, None Related ethnic groups • Slavs   â€¢ South Slavs    â€¢ South-Eastern Slavs      â€¢ Ethnic Macedonians      â€¢ Bulgarians The Macedonians[17] (Macedonian: , transliteration: ) - also referred to as Macedonian Slavs[18] - are a South Slavic ethnic group who are primarily associated with the Republic of Macedonia. ... Montenegrins (Serbian and Montenegrin: Црногорци / Crnogorci) are a South Slavic people who are primarily associated with the Republic of Montenegro. ...

Population by religion are 49,197 Roman Catholics (82.83%), 4,414 Orthodox Christians (7.43%), 653 Muslims (1.10%), 93 Byzantine Catholics (0.16%) and others.^[1] The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Eastern Orthodoxy (also called Greek Orthodoxy and Russian Orthodoxy) is a Christian tradition which represents the majority of Eastern Christianity. ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... The term Eastern Rites may refer to the liturgical rites used by many ancient Christian Churches of Eastern Europe and the Middle East that, while being part of the Roman Catholic Church, are distinct from the Latin Rite or Western Church. ...

Much of the population of Karlovac has changed since the beginning of the 1991-95 war, with numerous families of Croatian Serbs leaving and being replaced by people who were themselves displaced from parts of Croatia that were held by rebel Serbs during the war (such as from the town of Slunj), as well as by families of Bosnian Croats who started arriving during the war. The migration outflow was mostly towards Serbia, the Republika Srpska enclave in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and to countries of Western Europe, North America and Australia.

Pictures

Trinity Church (crkva Svetog trojstva) in the center of Karlovac Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 187 KB) By de:User:Bigbrother first upload in de wikipedia on 12:07, 21. ...	The city of Karlovac emerged around a star-shaped Renaissance fortress built against the Ottomans. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (988x1465, 400 KB) Beschreibung Renaissance star-shaped fortress in Karlovac, Croatia (designed in 1774) Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Karlovac ...	Theatre ("Zorin dom") in Karlovac Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...	Remains of Orthodox church in the city centre. The church was blown up during the war and is currently under reconstruction. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (441x639, 180 KB) Summary Took this while on holiday in Croatia. ...
Karlovac Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Karlovac

• Municipal website
• Tourist information - Karlovac
• Tourist information - Karlovac County
• Interactive town map
• Karlovački Tjednik - Local weekly newspaper

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...

References

http://www.dzs.hr/default_e.htm

Coordinates: 45°29′N 15°33′E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...