Charles I of Hungary (Anjou France 1288 or 1291 - Visegrad, Hungary July 16, 1342), also called Charles Robert, Carobert and Charles I Robert, was the king of Hungary from August 27, 1310. He was the grandson of King Charles II of Naples, son of Charles Martell and Clemencia, daughter of the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph I. For other uses, see Anjou (disambiguation). ... Events February 22 - Nicholas IV becomes Pope. ... Events May 10 - Scottish nobles recognize the authority of King Edward I of England. ... Visegrád is one of the cities in Hungary having a long and rich history. ... July 16 is the 197th day (198th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 168 days remaining. ... -1... August 27 is the 239th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (240th in leap years), with 126 days remaining. ... Events Abulfeda becomes governor of Hama. ... Charles II, known as the Lame (Fr. ... The brass of the tomb of Rudolph I in Speyer Rudolph I (Rudolph of Hapsburg) (May 1, 1218 - July 15, 1291) was a German king. ...

Life

Known as Charles Robert prior to his enthronment as King of Hungary in 1309, Charles claimed the Hungarian crown as the great-grandson of King Stephen V of Hungary and under the banner of the Pope. Travelling in August 1300 from Naples to Dalmatia, he was crowned at Esztergom after the death in 1301 of the last Árpád king Andrew III of Hungary but was forced in the same year to surrender the crown to Wenceslaus II of Bohemia. Events Rhodes falls to forces of the Knights of St. ... For usages of The Crown in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, see Crown of the Polish Kingdom. ... King Stephen V of Hungary (Hungarian: ,Slovak: Štefan V)(1239 or 1240 - August 6, 1272), was the eldest son of Bela IV of Hungary, whom he succeeded in 1270. ... The Pope is the Catholic Bishop and patriarch of Rome, and head of the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches. ... Events Beginning of the Renaissance. ... Location within Italy Naples (Italian Napoli, Neapolitan Napule, from Greek Νέα Πόλις - Néa Pólis - meaning New City) is the largest city in southern Italy and capital of Campania Region. ... Dalmatia (Croatian Dalmacija, Italian Dalmazia, Serbian Далмација) is a region of Croatia on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, spreading between the island of Pag in the northwest and the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. ... Esztergom (German Gran, Slovak Ostrihom) is a small city in northern Hungary, about 70 km north-west of Budapest. ... Events February 7 - Edward of Caernarvon (later King Edward II of England) becomes the first Prince of Wales End of the reign of Emperor Go-Fushimi of Japan Emperor Go-Nijo ascends to the throne of Japan Births June 19 - Prince Morikuni, 9th Kamakura shogun of Japan July 23 - Otto... The Árpáds (Hungarian: Árpádok, Slovak: Arpádovci, Croatian: Arpadovići) were a dynasty ruling in historic Hungary from the late 9th century to 1301 (with some interruptions, e. ... Wenceslaus II on Jan Matejkos painting Wenceslaus II Premyslid (Czech Václav, Polish Wacław) (September 17, 1271 - June 21, 1305). ...

His failure only made Pope Boniface VIII still more zealous on his behalf, and support from his Hungarian adherents was observed at the Diet of Bratislava in 1304. In the meantime Wenceslaus transferred his rights to Duke Otto III of Bavaria in 1305, who in his turn was taken prisoner by the Hungarian rebels. He was enthroned at Buda on June 15, 1309. His installation was not regarded as valid until he was crowned at Székesfehérvár on August 27, 1310 with the sacred crown, which was at last recovered from the rebellious barons. For the next three years Charles had to contend with rebellion after rebellion, and it was only after his great victory at Rozhanovce on June 15, 1312 that he was the real master of his own land. Boniface VIII, né Benedict Gaetano ( 1235 - October 11, 1303) was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1294 to 1303. ... Bratislava - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Events 20 July - Fall of Stirling Castle: Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold in the Wars of Scottish Independence. ... Events Wenceslas III becomes king of Bohemia The Papacy removed to France following riots in the Papal State. ... Buda is the western part of Budapest on the bank of the Danube. ... June 15 is the 166th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (167th in leap years), with 199 days remaining. ... Events Rhodes falls to forces of the Knights of St. ... Székesfehérvár (in Latin: Alba Regia; in colloquial speech Fehérvár) is a city in central Hungary, located around 65 km southwest of Budapest. ... August 27 is the 239th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (240th in leap years), with 126 days remaining. ... Events Abulfeda becomes governor of Hama. ... June 15 is the 166th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (167th in leap years), with 199 days remaining. ... Events June 15 : Battle near Rozgoni Battle near Thebes Siege of Rostock begins Births November 13 - King Edward III of England Deaths June 19 - Piers Gaveston, favourite of Edward II of England September 7 - King Ferdinand IV of Castile Categories: 1312 ...

Charles married three times. His first wife was Maria, daughter of Duke Casimir of Cieszyn, whom he married in 1306. She died in 1315, and in 1318, he married Beatrice, daughter of the Emperor Henry VI. On her demise two years later he married Elizabeth, daughter of king Wladyslaw I Lokietek of Poland. Five sons were born of his third marriage, of whom three, Louis, Andrew and Stephen, survived him. His sister Clemence d'Anjou (1293 - 1328) married Louis X of France on August 13, 1315 and became the mother of John I of France. Cieszyn Coat of Arms Cieszyn is a town in southern Poland with 37,300 inhabitants (1995), situated in the Silesian Voivodship (since 1999), previously in Bielsko-Biala Voivodship (1975-1998). ... Events March 25 - Robert the Bruce becomes King of Scotland June 19 - Forces of Earl of Pembroke defeat Bruces Scottish rebels at the Battle of Methven Philip IV of France exiles all the Jews from France and confiscates their property In London, a city ordinance degrees that heating with... Events August 13 - Louis X of France marries Clemence dAnjou. ... Events Pope John XXII declares the doctrines of the Franciscans advocating ecclesiastical poverty erroneous End of the reign of Emperor Hanazono of Japan Emperor Go-Daigo ascends to the throne of Japan Births Pope Urban VI Margarete Maultasch, Countess of Tyrol Deaths Categories: 1318 ... Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor (November 1165 - September 28, 1197) was king of Germany 1190-1197, and Holy Roman Emperor 1191-1197. ... Categories: Poland-related stubs | Polish monarchs | Dukes of Pomerania | Dukes of Greater Poland | Dukes of Poznan | Dukes of Gniezno | Dukes of Kalisz ... Louis the Great Louis I (the Great), Ludwik Węgierski (1326 - 1382) became king of Hungary in 1342. ... Events May 20 - King Sancho IV of Castile creates the Study of General Schools of Alcala The Minoresses (Franciscan nuns) are first introduced into England Births Deaths Categories: 1293 ... Events May 1 - Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton - England recognises Scotland as an independent nation after the Wars of Scottish Independence May 12 - Nicholas V is consecrated at St Peters Basilica in Rome by the bishop of Venice. ... Louis X the Quarreller (French: Louis X le Hutin) (October 4, 1289 - June 5, 1316), King of France from 1314 to 1316, was a member of the Capetian Dynasty. ... August 13 is the 225th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (226th in leap years), with 140 days remaining. ... Events August 13 - Louis X of France marries Clemence dAnjou. ... John I the Posthumous (French: Jean Ier le Posthume) (November 15, 1316 - November 20, 1316) was King of France for the five days he lived. ...

Charles died on July 16, 1342, and was laid beside the high altar at Székesfehérvár, the ancient burial place of the Árpáds. The Árpáds (Hungarian: Árpádok, Slovak: Arpádovci, Croatian: Arpadovići) were a dynasty ruling in historic Hungary from the late 9th century to 1301 (with some interruptions, e. ...

Reign

Charles restored order by absolute rule. The Diet was still summoned occasionally at very irregular intervals, but the real business of the state was transacted in the royal council, where able men of the middle class, 70 percent of them Italians, held trusted positions. To impose limitations on the barons, the lesser gentry were protected against the tyranny of the magnates, encouraged to appear at court and taxed for military service by the royal treasury so as to draw them closer to the crown. The court was famous throughout Europe as a school of chivalry. A state is an organized political community occupying a definite territory, having an organized government, and possessing internal and external sovereignty. ... The middle class (or middle classes) comprises a social group once defined by exception as an intermediate social class between the nobility and the peasantry. ... Royal court (as distinguished from a court of law) may refer to a number of institutions: A noble court - the household or entourage of a monarch or other ruler The Royal Court of Jersey - the main court of justice of Jersey The Royal Court of Guernsey - the main court of... Woman under the Safeguard of Knighthood, allegorical Scene. ...

Charles also carried out numerous important reforms. He was a born financier, and his reform of the currency and of the whole fiscal system greatly contributed to enrich both the merchant class and the treasury. Towns grew and crime reduced owing to Charles's fiscal care. He encouraged trade and imposed taxes to support his army, which he used to expand his territory, making Hungary into a major European power. His achievements were continued by his son King Louis the Great. Merchants function as professional traders, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves. ... A social class is a group that shares the same or similar social status. ... The Wikipedia community considers the subject of this article to the encyclopedia. ... A tax is an involuntary fee paid by individuals or businesses to a state, or to functional equivalents of a state, including tribes, secessionist movements or revolutionary movements. ... In the context of international relations and diplomacy, power (sometimes clarified as international power, national power, or state power) is the ability of one state to influence or control other states. ... Louis the Great Louis I (the Great), Ludwik Węgierski (1326 - 1382) became king of Hungary in 1342. ...

Charles's foreign policy largely stemmed from dynastic alliances. His most successful achievement was the mutual defense union with Poland against the Habsburgs and Bohemians, accomplished by the convention of Trenčín in 1335, confirmed the same year at the brilliant two-month congress of Visegrad. Not only did all the princes of central Europe compose their differences and enjoy splendid entertainment during the months of October and November: the immediate result of the congress was a combined attack by the Hungarians and Poles upon the Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV and his ally the Habsburg Duke Albert II of Austria, which resulted in favour of Charles in 1337. Habsburg (sometimes spelled Hapsburg, but never so in official use) was one of the major ruling houses of Europe. ... Bohemia Historical map of Bohemia Bohemia is also a place in the State of New York in the United States of America: see Bohemia, New York. ... Trenčín (German Trentschin, Latin (Roman period) Laugaricio, Hungarian Trencsén) is a town in western Slovakia (close to the Czech border) at the Váh river. ... Events Abu Said dies and the Ilkhan khanate ends Slavery abolished in Sweden Charles I of Hungary allies with Poland against the Hapsburgs and Bohemians Carinthia and Carniola come under Habsburg rule. ... Louis IV of Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach, born 1282, was duke of Bavaria from 1294, duke of the Palatinate from 1329 and, after 1314, Holy Roman Emperor. ... Albert II of Austria (born December 12, 1298 on the Habsburg (Aargau); died August 16, 1358 in Vienna; known as the Wise or the Lame) was Duke of Austria. ... This page concerns 1337, the year. ...

Charles's desire to unite the kingdoms of Hungary and Naples under his eldest son Louis was dashed by Venice and by the Pope, who both feared Hungary might become the dominant Adriatic power. Nevertheless he was more than compensated for this disappointment by his compact in 1339 with his ally and brother-in-law, Casimir III of Poland, whereby it was agreed that Louis should succeed to the Polish throne on the death of the childless Casimir. Location within Italy Naples (Italian Napoli, Neapolitan Napule, from Greek Νέα Πόλις - Néa Pólis - meaning New City) is the largest city in southern Italy and capital of Campania Region. ... Louis the Great Louis I (the Great), Ludwik Węgierski (1326 - 1382) became king of Hungary in 1342. ... Location within Italy Venice is known for its waterways and gondolas Venice (Italian Venezia), the city of canals, is the capital of the region of Veneto, population 271,663 (census estimate 2004-01-01). ... The Adriatic Sea Source: NASA The Adriatic Sea is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea separating the Apennine peninsula (Italy) from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. ... Events Emperor Go-Murakami ascends to the throne of Japan Births Duke Rudolf IV of Austria, the Founder, on November 1 Deaths Emperor Go-Daigo of Japan Otto the Merry, Duke of Austria, on February 17 Categories: 1339 ... Casimir the Great Casimir III or the Great (Kazimierz Wielki), (1310-1370), King of Poland, son of Władyslaw I Łokietek (Wladyslaw the Elbow High), 1305-1333 and Jadwiga. ...

Deterioration of the southern frontier

The Árpád kings had succeeded in encircling their whole southern frontier with six military colonies or banates, comprising, roughly speaking, Little Wallachia (southern part of present-day Romania) and the northern parts of present-day Bulgaria, Serbia and Bosnia. Charles redistributed these territories and proselytized the residents of the region to consolidate his reign. Map of Romania with Wallachia in yellow. ... Serbia and Montenegro  – Serbia    – Kosovo and Metohia        (UN administration)    – Vojvodina  – Montenegro Official language Serbian1 Capital Belgrade Area  – Total  – % water  88,361 km²  n/a Population  – Total (2002)     (without Kosovo)  – Density  7. ... Bosnia and Herzegovina (officially Bosna i Hercegovina, shortened to BiH, also in English variously written Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Bosnia-Hercegovina) is a mountainous country in the western Balkans. ...

Although he managed to expand his kingdom, the adverse effect was converting most of the old banates into semi-independent and violently anti-Hungarian principalities. The predominant religion of the area was Greek-Orthodox, and forceful proselytization to Catholicism provoked rebellion. Natural dynastic competition with the Orthodox Serbian and Bulgarian tsars and the emergence of a new Wallachian nationality also contributed to the upraising. Separate articles treat Eastern Orthodox Christianity and Orthodox Judaism. ... Religious conversion is the adoption of new religious beliefs that differ from the converts previous beliefs; in some cultures (e. ... This article considers Catholicism in the broadest ecclesiastical sense. ...

Prior to 1320, Western Wallachia (Oltenia) was regarded by the Hungarians as part of the banate of Szörény. When the Wallachian ruler, Basarab I showed signs of disobidience, Charles lead his army toward Wallachia, but on November 9, 1330, it was ambushed on entering Wallachia, in the Battle of Posada. King Charles barely escaped, by exchanging clothes with one of his knights. This incident marked the beginning of Wallachia as an independent state. Events January 20 - Duke Wladyslaw Lokietek becomes king of Poland April 6 - The Scots reaffirm their independence by signing the Declaration of Arbroath. ... Categories: Stub | Romanian historical regions ... Basarab I was an early ruler of the principality of Wallachia, and known as Întemeietorul (The Founder) (circa 1310-1352). ... November 9 is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 52 days remaining. ... Events The Bulgars under Michael III are beaten by the Serbs at Velbuzhd, and large parts of Bulgaria fall to Serbia. ...

Unknown to Charles, the Ottoman Turks had already secured Asia Minor under the sultans Osman I and Orhan I and planned to invade the Balkans to consolidate their realm. The Balkans sovereignties were keener on securing their regimes than on co-ordinating their defences. With Charles' policy added into the equation, the Turks could annihilate them one by one. Nevertheless these events happened years after Charles' death, over the course of numerous Ottoman wars in Europe. The Ottoman Turks were the ethnic subdivision of the Turkic people who dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire. ... Anatolia (Greek: ανατολη anatole, rising of the sun or East; compare Orient and Levant, by popular etymology Turkish Anadolu to ana mother and dolu filled), also called by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is a region of Southwest Asia which corresponds today to the Asian portion of Turkey. ... Sultan Osman I Osman I (1258–1326) (Ottoman عُثمَان ʿUthmān) was the founder of the Ottoman Empire. ... Orhan I Orhan or Orkhan was the bey (chief) of the newborn Ottoman Empire (at the time known as the Osmanli tribe) from 1326 to 1359. ... The wars of the Ottoman Empire in Europe marked the better part of the history of southeastern Europe, notably, giving infamy to the Balkans. ...

This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica ( 1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ...

Other names

• Hungarian: I. Károly / Károly Róbert,
• Slovak: Karol I / Karol Róbert,
• Romanian: Carol Robert