Lebanon

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The Lebanese Kataeb Party (Arabic: الكتائب اللبنانية, Kataeb is the plural of Katiba which means Brigade in Arabic), better known in English as the Phalange, is a Lebanese political party. Although officially secular it is mainly supported by Maronite Christians. The party played a major role in the Lebanese war. In decline in the late 1980s and 1990s, the party slowly re-emerged since the early 2000s. It is now part of the parliamentary majority, the March 14 Alliance, opposed to the alliance led by Hezbollah and the Free Patriotic Movement. This page lists presidents of Lebanon. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This page lists prime ministers of Lebanon. ... Fouad Siniora (alternative spellings: Fouad Sanyoura, Fuad Siniora, Fouad Saniora, Fouad Seniora) (Arabic: ‎, Fuād As-SanyÅ«rah) is the Prime Minister of Lebanon, a position he assumed on 19 July 2005, succeeding Najib Mikati. ... This is the list of the Lebanese government that was formed by Fouad Siniora on 19 July 2005. ... Lebanese parliament building at Place dÉtoile in Beirut The Parliament of Lebanon is the Lebanese national legislature. ... This page lists speakers of the Parliament of Lebanon. ... Political parties in Lebanon lists political parties in Lebanon. ... Elections in Lebanon gives information on election and election results in Lebanon. ... Lebanon is divided into 6 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah). ... The 6 Governorates of Lebanon are divided into 25 Districts (Aqdya, singular - qadaa) -- or 26, counting the Governorate of Beirut which is not subdivided into districts. ... The foreign policy of Lebanon reflects its geographic location, the composition of its population, and its reliance on commerce and trade. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... Yoke and Arrows. ... The phalanges in a human hand The name Phalanges is commonly given to the bones that form fingers and toes. ... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... Look up plural in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In military science a brigade is a military unit that is part of a division and includes regiments (where that level exists), or (in modern armies) is composed of several battalions (typically two to four) and directly attached supporting units. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... The Kataeb Party, better known in English-speaking countries as the Phalange, is a Lebanese political party that was first established as a Maronite nationalist youth movement in 1936 by Pierre Gemayel. ... Lebanon has a unique form of parliamentary democracy in which the highest offices are reserved for certain ethnic groups. ... Maronites (Marunoye ܡܪܘܢܝܐܶ; in Syriac, Mâruniyya مارونية in Arabic) are members of an Eastern Catholic Church in full communion with the Pope of Rome. ... ... The 1980s refers to the years from 1980 to 1989. ... For the band, see 1990s (band). ... In the Westminster System, there is a majority government when the governing party enjoys an absolute majority of seats in the legislature or parliament. ... The March 14 Alliance is a coalition of political parties and independents in Lebanon, led by Saad Hariri, younger son of Rafik Hariri, the assassinated former prime minister of Lebanon. ... For other uses, see Hezbollah (disambiguation). ... FPM logo The Free Patriotic Movement FPM (Tayyar Al-Watani Al-Horr), also known as the Aounist Current (Tayyar Al-Aouni), is a Lebanese political party, led by General Michel Aoun, a former commander of the Lebanese army who served as Prime Minister of one of two governments that contended...

Beginnings and rise

The party was first established by Pierre Gemayel in 1936 as a youth movement. It actively took part in the struggle against the French Mandate until Lebanese independence was proclaimed in November 1943. Its motto was "God, Nation and Family." Pierre Gemayel Sheikh Pierre Gemayel (Arabic: ) (November 6, 1905 – August 29, 1984) (last name also spelt Jmayyel, Jemayyel or al-Jumayyil, Sheikh is an honorific title in Arab countries, Arabic الشيخ بيار الجميّل), was a Lebanese political leader. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... The French Mandate of Lebanon was a League of Nations Mandate created at the end of World War I. When the Ottoman Empire was split by the Treaty of Versailles, four mandate territories were created, with the rest of the territory, aside from Turkey, being placed under monarchies. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A motto (from Italian) is a phrase or a short list of words meant formally to describe the general motivation or intention of an entity, social group, or organization. ... This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... For other uses, see Nation (disambiguation). ... a family of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso in 1997 Family is a Western term used to denote a domestic group of people, or a number of domestic groups linked through descent (demonstrated or stipulated) from a common ancestor, marriage or adoption. ...

The influence of the Phalangists was very limited in the early years of Lebanon's independence, but came to prominence as a strong ally of the government in the 1958 crisis. In the aftermath of the crisis, Pierre Gemayel was appointed to the cabinet, and two years later, was elected to the National Assembly. US Marines on patrol in Beirut, summer of 1958. ... The National Assembly of Lebanon is the Lebanese national legislature. ...

In 1968, the party joined The Helf Alliance formed with the two other big mainly Christian parties in Lebanon: the National Liberal Party of former President Camille Chamoun, and National Bloc of Raymond Eddé, and won 9 seats (on 99) in the parliamentary elections held that year, making it one of the largest groupings in Lebanon's notoriously fractured political system. Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Helf Alliance or Tripartite Alliance (Arabic: الحلف الثلاثي), is a right-wing coalition formed in 1968 by the big three mainly Christian parties in Lebanon: The Pierre Gemayels Kataeb, the National Liberal Party of former President Camille Chamoun, and National Bloc of Raymond Eddé. The coalition called for a Lebanese... For other uses, see Christian (disambiguation). ... The National Liberal Party (Hizb al-Watanyin al-Ahrar) is a political party in Lebanon, established by President Camille Chamoun in 1958. ... Camille Chamoun Camille Nimr Chamoun (b. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Raymond Eddé (15 March 1913 - 10 May 2000) was a Lebanese statesman who served his country for many years as a legislator and cabinet minister. ...

By the end of the decade, the party created its own militia and soon clashes began with the rising Palestinian militant guerrillas. Lebanese Kataeb militia A Militia is an organization of citizens to provide defense, emergency or paramilitary service, or those engaged in such activity. ... The term Palestinian has other usages, for which see definitions of Palestinian. ...

War era and decline

Pierre Gemayel and William Hawi, Chief of the Kataeb Security Council

In April 1975 Phalangist militiamen were involved in what is considered as the spark that set-off the Lebanese Civil War, the Bus massacre. In the days that follow, the 8,000-strong party militia was heavily engaged in the streets fights with its allies, the Tigers militia and others right-wing formations, against the Palestinians militias and the Lebanese National Movement. Image File history File linksMetadata 2pierre. ... Image File history File linksMetadata 2pierre. ... Pierre Gemayel Sheikh Pierre Gemayel (Arabic: ) (November 6, 1905 – August 29, 1984) (last name also spelt Jmayyel, Jemayyel or al-Jumayyil, Sheikh is an honorific title in Arab countries, Arabic الشيخ بيار الجميّل), was a Lebanese political leader. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... The Kataeb Party, better known in English-speaking countries as the Phalange, is a Lebanese political party that was first established as a Maronite nationalist youth movement in 1936 by Pierre Gemayel. ... Combatants Lebanese Front Syria LNM PLO Commanders Bachir Gemayel Dany Chamoun Kamal Jumblatt Yasser Arafat The Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990) was a multifaceted civil war whose antecedents trace back to the conflicts and political compromises reached after the end of Lebanons administration by the Ottoman Empire. ... The Bus Massacre (also known as the Ayn Rummaneh incident or Massacre) is commonly presented as the spark that set off the Lebanese Civil War. ... it s a group of 18 guys started the training in 1968 in saadyat where was the Pr. ... The Lebanese National Movement was led by Kamal Jumblat, a prominent Druze. ...

The Kataeb created a military Security Council lead by William Hawi, which came to be commanded by Pierre Gemayel's son Bachir Gemayel upon the assassination of Hawi in July 1976. In August 1976, the party greatly contributed to the formation of the Lebanese Forces, as the military wing of the Lebanese Front, Bachir Gemayel being chosen as its leader. This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Pierre Gemayel Sheikh Pierre Gemayel (Arabic: ) (November 6, 1905 – August 29, 1984) (last name also spelt Jmayyel, Jemayyel or al-Jumayyil, Sheikh is an honorific title in Arab countries, Arabic الشيخ بيار الجميّل), was a Lebanese political leader. ... Bachir Gemayel Bachir Gemayel, first name also spelt Bashir (Arabic: بشير الجميل), (November 10, 1947 – September 14, 1982) was a Lebanese military commander, politician and president elect. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Lebanese Forces (LF) (Arabic: القوات اللبنانية al-quwāt al-lubnāniyya) is a Lebanese political party and a former militia , which fought on the Christian side during the civil war that ravaged Lebanon from 1975 to 1990. ... The Lebanese Front (Arabic: الجبهة اللبنانية) was a right-wing coalition of mainly Christian parties formed in 1976, during the Lebanese Civil War. ... Bachir Gemayel Bachir Gemayel, first name also spelt Bashir (Arabic: بشير الجميل), (November 10, 1947 – September 14, 1982) was a Lebanese military commander, politician and president elect. ...

In September 1982, Bachir Gemayel was elected President of the Republic by the National Assembly. He was assassinated less than a month later in an operation thought to have been arranged by Syrian intelligence and was in turn succeeded by his brother, Amine Gemayel. 1982 (MCMLXXXII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bachir Gemayel Bachir Gemayel, first name also spelt Bashir (Arabic: بشير الجميل), (November 10, 1947 – September 14, 1982) was a Lebanese military commander, politician and president elect. ... This page lists presidents of Lebanon. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      The National Assembly is either a legislature, or the lower house of a bicameral legislature in some countries. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

In 1982 the militia led the massacre of up to 3000 mainly civilians in the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps, while the peripherie of the camps were under the control of the Israeli Defence Force. Combatants Lebanese Phalangist No combatants Commanders Elie Hobeika No commander Strength 150 irregulars Unarmed civilian population Casualties 2 700 - 3,500 civilians (see below) The Sabra and Shatila massacre (or Sabra and Chatila massacre; Arabic: مذبحة صبرا وشاتيلا) was carried out in September 1982 by a Lebanese Forces militia group against Palestinian refugee... The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (Hebrew: צבא ההגנה לישראל Tsva Ha-Haganah Le-Yisrael ([Army] Force [for] the Defense of Israel), often abbreviated צהל Tsahal, alternative English spelling Tzahal, is the name of Israels armed forces...

With the death of Pierre Gemayel in 1984, and the difficulties of his successor, Elie Karameh, and his son, Amine, to maintain influence over the actions of the Lebanese Forces, the LF become virtually independent and the Kataeb party began to decline. It did not play a major role for the remainder of the war. This article is about the year. ...

"Syrian era" and Cedar revolution

The party, lacking direction, broke down into several rival factions. Georges Saadeh took the control of the Party from 1986 till his death in 1998. He took moderate positions toward Syrian presence. Mounir Hajj became the new president of the party in 1999. From 2002 Karim Pakradouni was the president of the party but Amine Gemayel became the supreme president of the party after a reconciliation in 2005. Image File history File links Flag of the Kataeb Phalangist party. ... Georges Saadeh was born on the 21st of November 1930 in Chabtine a small village in the caza if Batroun. ... Karim Pakradouni, is a Lebanese- Armenian Christian attorney. ...

In March 2005 after the Rafik Hariri assassination, the party took part in an anti-Syrian presence demonstration, commonly known as the Cedar Revolution. It also became a member of the March 14 Alliance, along with the Future Movement, Progressive Socialist Party, Lebanese Forces and other minor parties. In July 2005, it participated in the Fouad Siniora Government, with Pierre Amine Gemayel as the minister of industry. Pierre, son of Amine, MP since 2000, being party's responsible of the districts, played an important role in the reorganization and development of the party. His assassination in November 2006 is a major blow to the party. Syrian intelligence and "Fateh Al Islam" are accused for the assassination. With 14 March Alliance forces, the party is supporting the government against the opposition to the Lebanese government. ← - 2005 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- → Deaths in March • 31 – Terri Schiavo • 30 – Mitch Hedberg • 29 – Johnnie Cochran • 27 – Wilfred Bigelow • 26 – Paul Hester • 26 – James Callaghan • 21 – Jeff Weise • 21 – Bobby Short • 19 – John De Lorean • 18 – Gary Bertini • 17 – George F... Rafik Baha ad-Din Hariri — (November 1, 1944 – February 14, 2005), (Arabic: ) a self-made billionaire and business tycoon, Prime Minister of Lebanon from 1992 to 1998 and again from 2000 until his resignation on 20 October 2004. ... Cedar Revolution has become the most commonly used name for the chain of demonstrations and popular civic action in Lebanon (mainly Beirut) triggered by the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri on February 14, 2005. ... The March 14 Alliance is a coalition of political parties and independents in Lebanon, led by Saad Hariri, younger son of Rafik Hariri, the assassinated former prime minister of Lebanon. ... The Current for the Future (Tayyar Al Mustaqbal) is a political party in Lebanon, led by Saad Hariri, younger son of Rafik Hariri, the assassinated former prime minister of Lebanon. ... The Progressive Socialist Party (PSP) (Arabic al-hizb al-taqadummi al-ishtiraki) is a political party in Lebanon. ... Lebanese Forces (LF) (Arabic: القوات اللبنانية al-quwāt al-lubnāniyya) is a Lebanese political party and a former militia , which fought on the Christian side during the civil war that ravaged Lebanon from 1975 to 1990. ... This is the list of the Lebanese government that was formed by Fouad Siniora on 19 July 2005. ... Pierre Amine Gemayel Pierre Amine Gemayel (Arabic: ‎; commonly known as Pierre Gemayel Jr. ... 67 die and about 300,000 people are affected by floods in Ethiopias Somali Region of Ogaden after the Shabelle River bursts its banks. ...

Opposition to Amine Gemayel and Karim Pakradouni

Elie Karameh and Fouad Abou Nader continue the opposition. Elie Karameh leads the Kataeb Opposition and Fouad Abou Nader, Bachir's right hand, leads the founders, former executives and followers of the Lebanese Forces. They have rejected the Syrian presence, and claim to have the support of the Kataeb popular base. Efforts are putten to encourage Elie Karameh and Fouad Abou Nader to re-join the party and the result of discussions must appear soon. Dr. Fouad ABOU NADER Son of Antoine Abou Nader and Claude Pierre Gemayel, Fouad Abou Nader was born on June 27, 1956 in Baalbek, in Bekaa. ... Lebanese Forces (LF) (Arabic: القوات اللبنانية al-quwāt al-lubnāniyya) is a Lebanese political party and a former militia , which fought on the Christian side during the civil war that ravaged Lebanon from 1975 to 1990. ... Dr. Fouad ABOU NADER Son of Antoine Abou Nader and Claude Pierre Gemayel, Fouad Abou Nader was born on June 27, 1956 in Baalbek, in Bekaa. ...

See also

• Pierre Gemayel
• Bachir Gemayel
• Amine Gemayel
• William Hawi
• Lebanese Forces

Pierre Gemayel Sheikh Pierre Gemayel (Arabic: ) (November 6, 1905 – August 29, 1984) (last name also spelt Jmayyel, Jemayyel or al-Jumayyil, Sheikh is an honorific title in Arab countries, Arabic الشيخ بيار الجميّل), was a Lebanese political leader. ... Bachir Gemayel Bachir Gemayel, first name also spelt Bashir (Arabic: بشير الجميل), (November 10, 1947 – September 14, 1982) was a Lebanese military commander, politician and president elect. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Lebanese Forces (LF) (Arabic: القوات اللبنانية al-quwāt al-lubnāniyya) is a Lebanese political party and a former militia , which fought on the Christian side during the civil war that ravaged Lebanon from 1975 to 1990. ...

External links

• Official website