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Philippine Revolution Katipunan First Philippine Republic Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... The history of the Philippines is believed to have begun with the arrival of the first humans via land bridges at least 30,000 years ago. ... Image File history File links Philippine_History_Collage. ... This article covers the history of the Philippines before the first arrivial of Europeans in 1521. ... Spanish East Indies This article covers the history of the Philippines from the arrival of European explorer Ferdinand Magellan in 1521, to the end of Spanish rule in 1898. ... This article covers the history of the Philippines from 1898 to 1946. ... This article covers the history of the Philippines from the granting of independence in 1946 to the end of the presidency of Diosdado Macapagal. ... This article covers the history of the Philippines during the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos. ... This article covers the history of the Philippines following the 1986 EDSA Revolution. ... Combatants Filipino independence movement Spanish Empire Commanders Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines Strength 80,000 soldiers unknown Casualties unknown unknown The Philippine Revolution (1896—1898) was an armed conflict between the Spanish colonial regime and the Katipunan, which sought Philippine independence from Spain. ... Flag Anthem: Himno Nacional Filipina Location of Filipinas in Asia Capital Bacoor, Cavite Malolos, Bulacan January 23, 1899-March 29, 1899 San Isidro, Nueva Ecija March 29, 1899-May 9, 1899 Palanan, Isabela September 6, 1900-March 23, 1901 Language(s) Spanish (official), Tagalog Government Republic President  - 1898-1901 Emilio...
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The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary organization founded by Filipino rebels in Manila, in 1892, which aimed to gain independence from Spain. For other meanings of the word, see Manila (disambiguation). ...

The word "Katipunan" comes from the root word "tipon", an indigenous Tagalog word, meaning: "society" or "gather". Its official revolutionary meanings are translated as Kataas-taasang, Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Supreme and Venerable Society of the Children of the Nation). The word were used by Filipino revolutionary rebel leaders. Katipunan is also known by its acronym, KKK (not to be mistaken with the "Ku Klux Klan"). Tagalog (pronunciation: ) is one of the major languages of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Members of the second Ku Klux Klan at a rally during the 1920s. ...

Influence of the Propaganda Movement

A late 19th century photograph of leaders of the Propaganda Movement: José Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar and Mariano Ponce.

The Katipunan and the Cuerpo de Compromisarios were, effectively, successor organizations of La Liga Filipina, founded by José Rizal. Katipunan founders Andrés Bonifacio, Ladislao Diwa and Teodoro Plata were all members of La Liga and were influenced by the nationalistic ideals of the Propaganda Movement in Spain. Image File history File links B155. ... Image File history File links B155. ... La Liga Filipina was an organization created by Dr. Jose Rizal in the Philippines. ... For places, institutions and objects named after this person, see Rizal (disambiguation). ... This article is about the person Andrés Bonifacio. ... Ladislao Diwa (June 27, 1863-March 12, 1930) was a Filipino patriot who was among the founders of the Katipunan that initiated the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896. ... Teodoro Plata (died February 6, 1897) was a Filipino patriot who was among those who founded the Katipunan that sparked the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896. ... José Rizal José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda (June 19, 1861 - December 30, 1896) is the national hero of the Philippines. ...

Marcelo H. del Pilar, another leader of the Propaganda Movement in Spain, also influenced the formation of the Katipunan and historians believe he had a direct hand in its organization because of his role in the Propaganda Movement and his eminent position in Philippine Masonry. Most of the founders of the Katipunan were freemasons. The Katipunan had initiation ceremonies that were copied from masonic rites. It also had an order of rank, similar to that of freemasonry. Rizal's Spanish biographer Wenceslao Retaña saw the formation of the Katipunan as Del Pilar's victory over Rizal: La Liga dies, and the Katipunan rises in its place. Del Pilar's plan wins over that of Rizal. Del Pilar and Rizal had the same end, even if each took a different road to it. Marcelo Hilario Del Pilar Biography Biography Marcelo H. Del Pilar (1850-1896) was a Philippine revolutionary propagandist and satirist. ... American Square & Compasses Freemasonry is a worldwide fraternal organization. ... Freemasons redirects here. ...

Creation

An Early flag of the Katipunan.

Captured Katipunan members (also known as Katipuneros), who were also members of La Liga, revealed to the Spanish colonial authorities that there was a difference of opinion among members of La Liga. One group insisted on La Liga's principle of a peaceful reformation while the other espoused armed revolution. Flag of the Philippine Revolution: Flag of the Katipunan featuring the societys acronym KKK in white in a line in the middle of a field of red. ... Flag of the Philippine Revolution: Flag of the Katipunan featuring the societys acronym KKK in white in a line in the middle of a field of red. ...

The revolutionists, led by Bonifacio, Diwa and Plata, decided to form the Katipunan on the day the Spanish colonial government announced Rizal's banishment to Dapitan in Mindanao. Despite their reservations about the peaceable reformation that Rizal espoused, they named Rizal honorary president without his knowledge. Rizal would later be criminally accused of treason for leading the Katipunan although he expressly disapproved of an armed uprising at that time, believing it premature. However, Tito Miguel and Roman Ramos were caught by the Spanish colonial authorities when they stole arms from the Maestranza for the Katipunan. Dapitan City is a 2nd class city in the province of Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines. ... Mindanao is the second largest and easternmost island in the Philippines. ... For other uses, see Treason (disambiguation) or Traitor (disambiguation). ...

The Katipunan's real leaders, Diwa, Bonifacio and Plata gathered a few other members of La Liga at a house on Calle Azcarraga (now Claro M. Recto Avenue) near Calle Elcaño in Tondo, Manila on July 7, 1892. The meeting was also attended by Deodato Arellano, Valentín Díaz and José Dizon. The men agreed to secretly prepare for an armed revolt which aimed to gain independence from Spain. Tondo is one of the districts of the Philippines capital city of Manila and is the most densely populated area of land in the world. ... Deodato Arellano (July 26, 1844-October 7, 1899) was a Filipino patriot who was among the founders of the Katipunan that started the Philippine Revolution against Spain. ... Valentín Díaz (November 1, 1845-1916) was a Filipino patriot who was among the founders of the Katipunan that started the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896. ... Jose Matanza Dizon (died January 11, 1897) was a Filipino patriot who was among those who founded the Katipunan that sparked the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896. ...

Members

A late 19th century photograph of an armed Filipino rebels, known as the Katipuneros.

Over the next four years, the Katipunan founders would recruit new members. By the time the society was uncovered, the American writer James Le Roy estimated the strength of the Katipunan at 100,000 to 400,000 members. The Ilocano writer Isabelo de los Reyes may be more accurate when he estimated membership at 15,000 to 45,000. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Ilocano, also Iloko and Ilokano, refers to the language and culture associated with the Ilocano people, the third largest ethnic group in the Philippines. ... Isabelo de los Reyes (July 7, 1864-October 10, 1938) was a prominent Filipino politician and labor activist in the 19th and 20th century. ...

Aside from Manila, the Katipunan also had sizeable chapters in Batangas, Laguna, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija. There were also smaller chapters in Ilocos Sur, Ilocos Norte, Pangasinan and the Bicol region. The Katipunan founders spent their free time recruiting members. For example, Diwa, who was a clerk at a judicial court, was assigned to the office of a justice of the peace in Pampanga. He initiated members in that province as well as Bulacan, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija. Most of the Katipuneros were plebeian although several wealthy patriots joined the society and submitted themselves to the leadership of Bonifacio. REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Batangas Region: CALABARZON (Region IV-A) Capital: Batangas City Founded: March 10, 1917 Population: 2000 census—1,905,348 (9th largest) Density—602 per km² (7th highest) Area: 3,165. ... Laguna is a province of the Philippines found in the CALABARZON region in Luzon. ... This article is about the province of Cavite. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Bulacan Region: Central Luzon (Region III) Capital: Malolos City Founded: 1572 Population: 2000 census—2,234,088 (4th largest) Density—851 per km² (5th highest) Area: 2,625. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Pampanga Region: Central Luzon (Region III) Capital: City of San Fernando Founded: December 11, 1571 Population: 2000 census—1,882,730 (10th largest) Density—863 per km² (4th highest) Area: 2,180. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Tarlac Region: Central Luzon (Region III) Capital: Tarlac City Founded: 1872 Population: 2000 census—1,068,783 (23rd largest) Density—350 per km² (14th highest) Area: 3,053. ... Nueva Ecija is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Ilocos Sur Region: Ilocos Region (Region I) Capital: Vigan City Founded: 1572 Population: 2000 census—594,206 (41st largest) Density—230 per km² (34th highest) Area: 2,579. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Ilocos Norte Region: Ilocos Region (Region I) Capital: Laoag City Founded: — Population: 2000 census—514,241 (48th largest) Density—151 per km² (27th lowest) Area: 3,399. ... Pangasinan, officially Province of Pangasinan (Pangasinan: Luyag na Pangasinan), is one of the provinces of the Republic of the Philippines. ... Bicol Region is one of the regions of the Philippines occupying the Bicol Peninsula at the southeastern end of Luzon island. ...

New recruits underwent the initiation rite three at a time so that no member knew more than two other members of the society. They would be brought to a dark room with black curtains. An admonition was posted at the entrance to the room: If you have strength and valor, you can proceed. If what has brought you here is only curiosity, retire. If you cannot control your passions, retire. Never shall the doors of the Supreme and Venerable Society of the Sons of the People be opened to you.

Inside the candle-lit room, they would be brought to a table adorned with a skull and a bolo. There, they would condemn the abuses of the Spanish government and vow to fight colonial oppression. They would then sign their membership papers in their own blood.

The Katipuneros were sorted into three degrees or ranks: the Katipon (literally: Associate) which is the lowest rank, the Kawal (knight), and the Bayani (Hero or Patriot), which is the rank held by leaders of the Katipunan.

Leaders

A late 19th century photo engraving of Andrés Bonifacio.

The central leadership of the Katipunan was the Kataastaasang Sanggunian (or Supreme Council) which administered the provincial councils (called Sangguniang Bayan). The provincial councils in turn administered the Sangguniang Barangay (or popular councils) in their jurisdictions. The society also had a Sangguniang Hukuman (or judicial council) which settled disputes among members. Image File history File links Gat_Andres_Bonifacio. ... Image File history File links Gat_Andres_Bonifacio. ...

In 1892, after the Katipunan was founded, the members of the Supreme Council consisted of Arellano as president, Bonifacio as comptroller, Diwa as fiscal, Plata as secretary and Díaz as treasurer.

In 1893, the Supreme Council comprised Ramon Basa as president, Bonifacio as fiscal, José Turiano Santiago as secretary, Vicente Molina as treasurer and Restituto Javier, Briccio Pantas, Teodoro Gonzales, Plata and Diwa as councilors. It was during Basa's term that the society organized a women's auxiliary section. Two of its initial members were Gregoria de Jesus, whom Bonifacio had just married, and Marina Dizon, daughter of José Dizon. It was also in 1893 when Basa and Diwa organized the provincial council of Cavite, which would later be the most successful council of the society. José Turiano Santiago (July 13, 1875-1942?) was a Filipino patriot who was among the leaders of the Katipunan that sparked the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896. ... Gregoria de Jesus (15 May 1875 – 15 March 1943), also known as Aling Oriang,[1] was the founder and vice-president of the womens chapter of the Katipunan of the Philippines. ...

The Filipino scholar Maximo Kalaw reports that Basa yielded the presidency to Bonifacio, who was then called Supremo, in 1894 because of a dispute over the usefulness of the initiation rites and Bonifacio's handling of the society's funds. Moreover, Basa refused to induct his son into the organization.

It was also in 1894 when Emilio Jacinto, a nephew of Dizon who was studying law at the University of Santo Tomas, joined the Katipunan. He intellectualized the society's aims and formulated the principles of the society as embodied in its primer, called Kartilla. It was written in Tagalog and all recruits were required to commit it to heart before they were initiated. Jacinto would later be called the Brains of the Katipunan. Emilio Jacinto(December 15,1875-April 16,1899)The Brains of the Katipunan He was born in Trozo, Manila. ... The Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas, The Catholic University of the Philippines (or simply the University of Santo Tomas, UST or affectionately, Ustê), is a private Roman Catholic university run by the Order of Preachers in Manila. ...

At the same time, Jacinto also edited Kalayaan (Freedom), the society's official organ, but only two editions of the paper were issued. Kalayaan was published through the printing press of the Spanish newspaper Diario de Manila. This printing press and its workers would later play an important role in the outbreak of the revolution.

That same year, Bonifacio was president of the Supreme Council with Emilio Jacinto as fiscal, Jose Turiano Santiago as secretary, Vicente Molina as treasurer and Pantaleon Torres, Aguedo del Rosario, Doroteo Trinidand and Pio Valenzuela as councilors. Pio Valenzuela (July 11, 1869-April 6, 1956) was a Filipino physician and patriot who was among the leaders of the Katipunan that started the Philippine Revolution against Spain. ...

In 1895, Jose Turiano Santiago, a close personal friend of Bonifacio, was expelled because a coded message of the Katipunan fell into the hands of a Spanish priest teaching at the University of Santo Tomas. Since the priest was a friend of Santiago's sister, he and his half-brother Restituto Javier were suspected of betrayal, but the two would remain loyal to the Katipunan and Santiago would even join the Philippine revolutionary forces in the Philippine-American War. Jacinto replaced Santiago as secretary. Belligerents United States Philippine Constabulary Philippine Scouts First Philippine Republic several groups post-1902 Commanders William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt Emilio Aguinaldo Miguel Malvar several unofficial leaders post-1902 Strength 126,000 soldiers[1] First Philippine Republic: 80,000 soldiers Casualties and losses ~5,000-7,000[1][2] ~12,000...

The members of the Supreme Council in 1895 were Bonifacio as president, Pio Valenzuela as fiscal, Emilio Jacinto as secretary, Vicente Molina as treasurer and Enrique Pacheco, Pantaleon Torres, Balbino Florentino, Francisco Carreon and Hermenigildo Reyes as councilor

In August 1896, immediately before the discovery of the Katipunan, the fifth and last Supreme Council comprised Bonifacio as president, Emilio Jacinto as secretary of state, Teodoro Plata as secretary of war Briccio Pantas as secretary of justice, Aguedo del Rosario as secretary of interior and Enrique Pacheco as secretary of finance.

List of Notable Katipuneros

• Andrés Bonifacio
• Emilio Jacinto
• Melchora Aquino
• Gregoria de Jesús
• Gregorio del Pilar
• Licerio Gerónimo
• Vicente Lukban
• Antonio Luna
• Miguel Malvar
• Aurelio Tolentino
• Jacinto Tolentino
• Macario Sakay
• Antonio Soliman

This article is about the person Andrés Bonifacio. ... Emilio Jacinto(December 15,1875-April 16,1899)The Brains of the Katipunan He was born in Trozo, Manila. ... Melchora Aquino (January 6, 1812 - March 2, 1919) was a Filipino revolutionary who became known as Tandang Sora (Tandang is derived from the Tagalog word matanda, which means old) in Philippines history because of her age when the Philippine Revolution broke out in 1896. ... Gregoria de Jesus (15 May 1875 – 15 March 1943), also known as Aling Oriang,[1] was the founder and vice-president of the womens chapter of the Katipunan of the Philippines. ... Gregorio del Pilar c. ... Licerio Gerónimo (August 27, 1855–January 16, 1924) was a general of the Philippine Revolutionary Forces under Emilio Aguinaldo. ... Vicente Lukban Image:VRLukban. ... Gen. ... Miguel Malvar y Carpio was a leader in the Philippine Revolution (1896—1898). ... Katagalugan is the short lived republic in the mountains of Southern Luzon founded in 1902 by members of the Filipino Katipunan. ...

List of some Katipuneros

• Emilio Aguinaldo - Who gave the order to kill Andres Bonifacio

Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (March 22, 1869 – February 6, 1964) was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. ...

Rizal again rejects revolution

In May 1896, Bonifacio and his counsellors decided to enlist the support of Rizal for the revolution. They sent Pio Valenzuela, an old friend of Rizal, to Dapitan purportedly to accompany a blind man, Raymundo Mata, who needed Rizal's ophthalmological expertise. Pio Valenzuela (July 11, 1869-April 6, 1956) was a Filipino physician and patriot who was among the leaders of the Katipunan that started the Philippine Revolution against Spain. ...

After Valenzuela presented the Katipunan's appeal, however, Rizal vehemently rejected violence, believing it premature. According to Valenzuela's statement to the Spanish authorities, they almost quarreled over the matter and Valenzuela left the following day instead of staying for a month as originally planned. Despite Rizal's rejection, however, the Katipunan was already trying to address its arms supply problem and took steps to smuggle in weapons from abroad. The plan apparently reached an advanced stage because Bonifacio formed a committee of top Katipunan leaders in May 1896 to negotiate with the captain of a Japanese ship, named Kongo, but the talks apparently failed.

Uncovering

In early August 1896, Teodoro Patiño, a worker at the Diario de Manila printing press, revealed the existence of the society to his sister, Honoria, who told it to Sor Teresa de Jesus who sought advice on what should be done to the organization to a Spanish Agustinian priest, Mariano Gil, who reported it to the authorities. Most of Patiño's co-workers were Katipuneros and they used the facilities and supplies of the newspaper to print Kalayaan. The Augustinians, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430), are several Roman Catholic monastic orders and congregations of both men and women living according to a guide to religious life known as the Rule of Saint Augustine. ...

Patiño supposedly got into a feud with the press foreman Apolonio de la Cruz, who was also a Katipunero, and De la Cruz tried to blame Patiño for the loss of the printing supplies that were used for Kalayaan. Patinio retaliated by exposing the secret society. Patiño supposedly used his sister to contact the priest, who was her confessor.

Patiño's alleged betrayal has become the standard version of how the revolution broke out in 1896. In the 1920s, however, the Philippine National Library commissioned a group of former Katipuneros to confirm the truth of the story. Jose Turiano Santiago, Bonifacio's close friend who was expelled in 1895, denied the story. He claimed that Bonifacio himself ordered Patiño to divulge the society's existence to hasten the Philippine revolution and preempt any objection from members.^{[citation needed]} Combatants Filipino independence movement Spanish Empire Commanders Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Aguinaldo Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines Strength 80,000 soldiers unknown Casualties unknown unknown The Philippine Revolution (1896—1898) was an armed conflict between the Spanish colonial regime and the Katipunan, which sought Philippine independence from Spain. ...

After Patiño's alleged confession, the Spanish raided the printing press on August 18, 1896 and arrested De la Cruz, who was found in possession of a dagger used in Katipunan initiation rites and a list of Katipunan members. The Spanish unleashed a crackdown and arrested dozens of people.

Revolution

When the Katipunan leaders learned of the arrests, Bonifacio called an assembly of all provincial councils to decide the start of the armed uprising. The meeting was held at the house of Apolonio Samson at a place called Kangkong in Balintawak. About 1,000 Katipuneros attended the meeting but they were not able to settle the issue.

They met again at another place in Balintawak the following day. Historians are still debating whether this event took place at the yard of Melchora Aquino or at the house of her son Juan Ramos. The meeting took place either on August 23 or August 24. It was at this second meeting where the Katipuneros in attendance decided to start the armed uprising and they tore their cedulas (residence certificates and identity papers) as a sign of their commitment to the revolution. The Katipuneros also agreed to attack Manila on August 29. Melchora Aquino (January 6, 1812 - March 2, 1919) was a Filipino revolutionary who became known as Tandang Sora (Tandang is derived from the Tagalog word matanda, which means old) in Philippines history because of her age when the Philippine Revolution broke out in 1896. ... is the 241st day of the year (242nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

But Spanish civil guards discovered the meeting and the first battle occurred with the Battle of Pasong Tamo. While the Katipunan initially had the upper hand, the Spanish civil guards turned the fight around. Bonifacio and his men retreated toward Marikina via Balara (now in Quezon City). They then proceeded to San Mateo (in the province now called Rizal) and took the town. The Spanish, however, regained it three days later. After regrouping, the Katipuneros decided not to attack Manila directly but agreed to take the Spanish powder magazine and garrison at San Juan. This article is about an animal. ... Nickname: Map of Metro Manila showing the location of Quezon City Coordinates: 14°38 N, 121°2 E Country Philippines Region National Capital Region Districts 1st to 4th districts of Quezon City Barangays 142 Incorporated (town) October 12, 1939 (as Balintawak) Incorporated (city) October 12, 1939 Government  - Mayor Feliciano Sonny... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Rizal Region: CALABARZON (Region IV-A) Capital: Antipolo City† Founded: June 11, 1901 Population: 2000 census—1,707,218 (11th largest) Density—1,304 per km² (2nd highest) Area: 1,308. ... The City of San Juan (Filipino: Siyudad ng San Juan) is a city in Metro Manila in the Philippines. ...

On August 30, the Katipunan attacked the 100 Spanish soldiers defending the powder magazine in the Battle of Pinaglabanan. About 153 Katipuneros were killed in the battle, but the Katipunan had to withdraw upon the arrival of Spanish reinforcements. More than 200 were taken prisoner. At about the same time, Katipuneros in other suburban Manila areas, like Caloocan, San Pedro de Tunasan (now Makati City), Pateros and Taguig, rose up in arms. In the afternoon of the same day, the Spanish Gov. Gen. Camilo de Polavieja declared martial law in Manila and the provinces of Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija. The Philippine Revolution had begun. is the 242nd day of the year (243rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Caloocan City (in Filipino Kalookan) is one of the cities and municipalities that comprise Metro Manila in the Philippines. ... Nickname: Motto: Makati, Mahalin Natin, Atin Ito (literally, Makati, We Love It, This Is Ours) Map of Metro Manila showing the location of Makati City Coordinates: 14° 33 N, 121°02, E Country Region Province none (It is formerly on Rizal province until 1975) Districts 1st and 2nd districts of... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Municipality of Pateros Region: National Capital Region Province: — Dates: Founded—1770 Cityhood—— Population: 2000 census—27,337 Density—16,292 per km² Area: 2. ... Taguig (Filipino: Tagig) is the newest city in Metro Manila in the Philippines. ... For other meanings of the word, see Manila (disambiguation). ... This article is about the province of Cavite. ... Laguna is a province of the Philippines found in the CALABARZON region in Luzon. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Batangas Region: CALABARZON (Region IV-A) Capital: Batangas City Founded: March 10, 1917 Population: 2000 census—1,905,348 (9th largest) Density—602 per km² (7th highest) Area: 3,165. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Bulacan Region: Central Luzon (Region III) Capital: Malolos City Founded: 1572 Population: 2000 census—2,234,088 (4th largest) Density—851 per km² (5th highest) Area: 2,625. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Pampanga Region: Central Luzon (Region III) Capital: City of San Fernando Founded: December 11, 1571 Population: 2000 census—1,882,730 (10th largest) Density—863 per km² (4th highest) Area: 2,180. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Tarlac Region: Central Luzon (Region III) Capital: Tarlac City Founded: 1872 Population: 2000 census—1,068,783 (23rd largest) Density—350 per km² (14th highest) Area: 3,053. ... Nueva Ecija is a landlocked province of the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region. ...

Spanish Responses

Execution of Philippine Revolution supporters at the Bagumbayan Field (now the Luneta Park).

Even before the discovery of the Katipunan, Rizal applied for a position as doctor in the Spanish army in Cuba in a bid to persuade the Spanish authorities of his loyalty to Spain. His application was accepted and he arrived in Manila to board a ship for Spain in August 1896, shortly before the secret society was exposed. But while Rizal was enroute to Spain, the Katipunan was unmasked and a telegram overtook the steamer at Port Said, recalling him to the Philippines to face charges that he was the mastermind of the uprising. He was later executed by musketry on December 30, 1896 at the field of Bagumbayan (now known as Luneta). Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Spanish Army (Ejército de Tierra in Spanish; literally, Land Army) is one of oldest active armies in the world and a branch of the Spanish Armed Forces, in charge of land operations. ... Telegraphy (from the Greek words tele = far away and grapho = write) is the long distance transmission of written messages without physical transport of letters, originally over wire. ... Port Said (postcard around 1915) Port Said (31. ... is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... A Closer Picture of the monument, Dr. Jose Rizal Rizal Park is situated in the heart of the city of Manila, Philippines. ...

While Rizal was being tried by a military court for treason, the prisoners taken in the Battle of Pinaglabanan -- Sáncho Valenzuela, Ramón Peralta, Modesto Sarmiento, and Eugenio Silvestre -- were executed by musketry on September 6, 1896 at Bagumbayan. is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ...

Six days later, they also executed by musketry the Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite at Fort San Felipe Fort in Cavite. José Cabuco The Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite (Spanish: Trece mártires de Cavite) were Filipino patriots in Cavite, Philippines who were executed by mustketry on September 11, 1896, for cooperating with the Katipunan during the Philippine Revolution against Spain. ...

The Spanish colonial authorities also pressed the prosecution of those who were arrested after the raid on the Diario de Manila printing press, where they found evidence incriminating not only common folk but also wealthy Filipino society leaders.

The Bicol Martyrs were executed by musketry on January 4, 1897 at Bagumbayan. They were Manuel Abella, Domingo Abella, priests Inocencio Herrera, Gabriel Prieto and Severino Díaz, Camio Jacob, Tomas Prieto, Florencio Lerma, Macario Valentin, Cornelio Mercado and Mariano Melgarejo. is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

They arrested and seized the properties of prominent businessmen Francisco Roxas, Telesforo Chuidian and Jacinto Limjap. While there may be circumstantial evidence pointing to Chuidian and Limjap as financiers of the revolution, the record showed no evidence against Roxas except that he was involved in funding the Propaganda Movement. Even Mariano Ponce, another leader of the Propaganda Movement, said the arrest of Roxas was a fatal mistake. Nonetheless, Roxas was found guilty of treason and executed by musketry on January 11, 1897 at Bagumbayan. Mariano Ponce (March 23, 1863-May 23, 1918) was a Filipino physician who was a leader of the Propaganda Movement that spurred the Philippine Revolution against Spanish in 1896. ... is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Roxas was executed with Numeriano Adriano, José Dizon, Domingo Franco, Moises Salvador, Luis Enciso Villareal, Braulio Rivera, Antonio Salazar, Ramon P. Padilla, Faustino Villaruel and Eustaquio Mañalak. Also executed with the group were Lt. Benedicto Nijaga and Corporal Geronimo Medina, both of the Spanish army.

On February 6, 1897, Apolonio de la Cruz, Roman Basa, Teodoro Plata, Vicente Molina, Hermenegildo de los Reyes, Joes Trinidad, Pedro Nicodemus, Feliciano del Rosarioo, Gervasio Samson and Doroteo Domínguez were also executed by musketry at Bagumbayan. is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

But the executions, especially Rizal's, only added fuel to the rebellion, with the Katipuneros shouting battle cries: Mabuhay ang Katagalugan! (Long Live Katagalugan!--Katagalugan being the Katipunan term for the Philippines) and Mabuhay si Dr. José Rizal! (Long Live Dr. José Rizal!). To the Katipuneros, Jose Rizal is the Honorary President of the Katipunan.

Schism

In the course of the revolution against Spain, a split developed between the Magdiwang faction (led by Gen. Mariano Álvarez) and the Magdalo faction (led by Gen. Baldomero Aguinaldo, cousin of General Emilio Aguinaldo), both situated in Cavite. Mariano Álvarez (1818-1924) - Filipino general, statesman, and teacher. ... Baldomero Aguinaldo (February 27, 1869—February 4, 1915) was a leader of the Philippine Revolution. ... Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (March 22, 1869 – February 6, 1964) was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. ... This article is about the province of Cavite. ...

At a convention in Tejeros, Cavite, the revolutionaries assembled to form a revolutionary government. There, Bonifacio lost his bid for the presidency of the revolutionary government to Emilio Aguinaldo and instead was elected Secretary of the Interior. When members of the Magdalo faction tried to discredit him as uneducated and unfit for the position, Bonifacio declared the results of the convention as null and void, speaking as the Supremo of the Katipunan. Bonifacio was later arrested upon orders of Gen. Aguinaldo and executed on May 10, 1897. Thus ended the existence of the Katipunan, replaced by Aguinaldo's revolutionary government. Magdalo was the name of two military organizations in the Philippines: A faction of the Katipunan chapter in Cavite, mostly made up of ilustrados of that province, that supported General Emilio Aguinaldo as leader of the Philippine Revolution. ... is the 130th day of the year (131st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

See also

• Spanish-American War
• Malolos Congress
• Philippine Declaration of Independence
• First Philippine Republic
• Philippine-American War

Belligerents United States Republic of Cuba Philippine Republic Kingdom of Spain Commanders Nelson A. Miles William R. Shafter George Dewey Máximo Gómez Emilio Aguinaldo Patricio Montojo Pascual Cervera Arsenio Linares Manuel Macías y Casado Ramón Blanco y Erenas Casualties and losses 385 KIA USA 5,000... Judiciary Supreme Court Chief Justice Reynato Puno Court of Appeals · Sandiganbayan Court of Tax Appeals · Ombudsman Elections Commission on Elections 2007 | 2004 | 2001 | 1998 1995 | 1992 | 1987 | 1986 | All Foreign relations Government Website Human rights Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      The Malolos Congress was the constituent assembly of the First... The Philippine Declaration of Independence occurred on June 12, 1898 in the Philippines where Filipino revolutionary forces under General Emilio Aguinaldo (later to become the Philippines first Republican President) proclaimed the sovereignty and independence of the Philippine Islands from the colonial rule of Spain after the latter was defeated at... Flag Anthem: Himno Nacional Filipina Location of Filipinas in Asia Capital Bacoor, Cavite Malolos, Bulacan January 23, 1899-March 29, 1899 San Isidro, Nueva Ecija March 29, 1899-May 9, 1899 Palanan, Isabela September 6, 1900-March 23, 1901 Language(s) Spanish (official), Tagalog Government Republic President  - 1898-1901 Emilio... Belligerents United States Philippine Constabulary Philippine Scouts First Philippine Republic several groups post-1902 Commanders William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt Emilio Aguinaldo Miguel Malvar several unofficial leaders post-1902 Strength 126,000 soldiers[1] First Philippine Republic: 80,000 soldiers Casualties and losses ~5,000-7,000[1][2] ~12,000...

References

• Guerrero, Milagros C. Balintawak: The Cry for a Nationwide Revolution. Sulyap Kultura. (Manila: National Commission for Culture and the Arts, 1996)
• Kalaw, Maximo M. The Development of Philippine Politics (1872-1920) (Manila: Oriental Commercial Co. Inc., 1926; reprint ed., Manila: Solar Publishing Corp., 1986)
• National Historical Institute. Filipinos in History 5 vols. (Manila: National Historical Institute, 1989)

Further reading

• Retaña, Wenceslao. Vida y Escritorios de Dr. Jose Rizal. Madrid: 1907.

External links

• Spanish
• Katipunan Flags
• Draft for initiation in the Katipunan
• Oaths and forms of initiation in the Katipunan
• Kartilyang Makabayan Pamphlet about the Katipunan written by Hermenegildo Cruz.

v • d • e   Philippine Revolution   Events Prelude: Gomburza · Tejeros Convention · Biyak-na-Bato Elections · Pact of Biak-na-Bato · Spanish-American War · Declaration of Independence · Malolos Congress · República Filipina · Katagalugan · Negros Revolution · Treaty of Paris · Philippine-American War Organizations Aglipayan Church · Katipunan · La Liga Filipina · La Solidaridad · Magdalo faction · Philippine Revolutionary Army Objects El Filibusterismo · Flags of the Philippine Revolution · Kartilya ng Katipunan · Lupang Hinirang · Mi último adiós · Noli Me Tangere · Flag of the Philippines · Spoliarium Notable people Gregorio Aglipay · Emilio Aguinaldo · Melchora Aquino · Juan Araneta · Andrés Bonifacio · Josephine Bracken · Dios Buhawi · Gregoria de Jesús · Gregorio del Pilar · Marcelo H. del Pilar · George Dewey · Papa Isio · Emilio Jacinto · León Kilat · Aniceto Lacson · Graciano López Jaena · Antonio Luna · Juan Luna · Apolinario Mabini · Miguel Malvar · Patricio Montojo · José Palma · Mariano Ponce · José Rizal · Macario Sakay · Gabriela Silang · Mariano Trias