The Kaurna (pronounced "Garner" or "Gowna") people are a group of Indigenous Australians whose traditional lands lie in and around the Adelaide Plains of South Australia. Kaurna language is the spoken language of the Kaurna people. Indigenous Australians or Aborigines[1][2] are the first human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. ... The Adelaide Plains (34°30′ S 138°30′ E) is the area in South Australia between the Mount Lofty Ranges on the east and the Gulf Saint Vincent on the west. ... Capital Adelaide Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Marjorie Jackson-Nelson Premier Mike Rann (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 11  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05)  - Product ($m)  $59,819 (5th)  - Product per capita  $38,838/person (7th) Population (End of March 2005)  - Population  1,540,200 (5th)  - Density  1. ... Kaurna is the language of the Kaurna people, an indigenous ethnic group, in South Australia. ...

==Lands==RAHRAHRAHERAHRAHRAHRAHRAHRAHRAH!!!!!! The traditional Kaurna cover the regions of South Australia from Cape Jervis at the bottom of the Fleurieu Peninsula to Port Wakefield on the eastern shore of Gulf Saint Vincent and as far north as Crystal Brook in the Mid North. Their lands were bordered by those of the Peramangk and Ngadjuri to the East, Nukunu to the North and the Narangga to the West.^[1] Capital Adelaide Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Marjorie Jackson-Nelson Premier Mike Rann (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 11  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05)  - Product ($m)  $59,819 (5th)  - Product per capita  $38,838/person (7th) Population (End of March 2005)  - Population  1,540,200 (5th)  - Density  1. ... Cape Jervis is a town at the southwestern tip of Fleurieu Peninsula in South Australia at 35°36′ S 138°06′ E, approximately 108 km south of Adelaide. ... The Fleurieu Peninsula is a picturesque peninsula located south of Adelaide in South Australia, Australia. ... Port Wakefield is the first government town to be established north of capital Adelaide in South Australia. ... Gulf St. ... Crystal Brook (33°21′ S 138°12′ E) is named for (the stream) that passes through the town. ... The Mid North is a region of South Australia, north of the Adelaide Plains, but not as far north as the Far North, or outback. ... The Peramangk were an Indigenous Australian people whose traditional lands were primarily located in Adelaide Hills but also in the southern stretches of the Fleurieu Peninsula, South Australia. ... The Ngadjuri people are a group of Indigenous Australians whose traditional lands lie in the mid north of South Australia with a territory extending from Gawler in the south to Orroroo in the north. ... The Nukunu people are a tribe of indigenous Australians who inhabited the coastal region of South Australia which now contains Port Pirie and Port Lincoln. ...

Tribes were also found at Snowtown, Blyth, Hoyleton, Hamley Bridge, Clarendon, Gawler and Myponga, where they were sometimes known as Nantuwara. The Jultiwira (stringy bark forests) of the [[Mount Lofty Ranges]s] weasx a boundary. Between Hamley Bridge and Crystal Brook, they were known as Padnaindi.^[2] Little is known of the usage of the Adelaide Plains by the Kaurna but it naturally serves as a hunting and gathering route. In 1836, at the first arrival of european settlers, fires were observed burning along the coast. These fires were part of the Kaurna's scrub clearing to encourage the growth of grass for Emu and Kangaroo.^[1] Settlement The town of Snowtown is located in the Mid North of South Australia 145 km north of Adelaide at 33°47′ S 138°12′ E. The town initially grew up around the railway station at what is now Snowtown. ... Blyth is a small town in the mid-north of South Australia. ... Hoyleton () is a former railway town in South Australia, west of the Clare Valley, halfway between Leasingham and Halbury. ... Hamley Bridge is a community in South Australia located at the junction of the rivers Gilbert and Light and the site of a former railway junction. ... Clarendon is a small town in the Adelaide Hills, about 30 kilometres South of the Adelaide CBD. [1] Categories: Geography stubs ... Gawler is a town in the state of South Australia. ... Hamley Bridge is a community in South Australia located at the junction of the rivers Gilbert and Light and the site of a former railway junction. ... Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Binomial name Dromaius novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790) The Emu has been recorded in the areas shown in black. ... Species Macropus rufus Macropus giganteus Macropus fuliginosus Macropus antilopinus A kangaroo is any of several large animals of the Macropodidae, a marsupial family that also includes the wallabies, tree-kangaroos, wallaroos, pademelons and the Quokka, some 63 living species in all. ...

People and culture

The traditional way of life of the Kaurna people was destroyed within twenty years of European settlement with the last surviving Kaurna, a woman called Ivaritji, dying in 1931. The Kaurna population had been seriously depleted prior to 1836, with the spread of smallpox from the eastern states.^[3] The population again severely declined upon the arrival of European settlers in 1836 at Holdfast Bay (now Glenelg), from about 1000 members before settlement to 180 in 1856.^[2] The land was considered to be terra nullius by the enactment of the South Australia Act on 14 August 1834 by the British Parliament. 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... Smallpox (also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera) is a highly contagious disease unique to humans. ... Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Holdfast Bay is now known as Glenelg. ... Stamford Grand and Glenelg foreshore from jetty. ... 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Terra nullius (English pronunciation , Latin pronunciation [[IPA]])is a Latin expression deriving from Roman Law meaning no mans land or, literally, empty land. // Rationale As in Antiquity peace was considered an exceptional condition between states, only established by peace treaty, war being their natural rapport, any territory that was... August 14 is the 226th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (227th in leap years), with 139 days remaining. ... 1834 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Pangkarra and yerta

The Kaurna people lived in independent family structures in defined territories called pangkarra. Pangkarra access always had to the coastline and ran extensively inland. The coastline was essential for seafood hunting and the inland territories provided protection to the people during bad weather. The pangkarra were then grouped into subgroups called yerta. All the members in the yerta and different pangkarra were intimately linked. Marriage between a man and a woman within the same yerta was forbidden. The Kaurna performed circumcision as an initiatory right and were the southernmost indigenous tribe to do so. ^[2]

Other names

Some of the names by which the Kaurna people are also known include: Kaura (misprint), Coorna, Koornawarra, Nantuwara (in relation to the Northern yerta "Kanagaroo Speakers"), Nantuwaru, Nganawara, Meljurna or Meyukattanna (in relation to the Northern yerta 'quarrelsome men', as named by the Southern yerta).

See also

• Indigenous Australians
• Kaurna language
• History of Adelaide
• Tjilbruke
  • Tjilbruke's Trail

Other indigenous ethnic groups in South Australia: Indigenous Australians or Aborigines[1][2] are the first human inhabitants of the Australian continent and its nearby islands. ... Kaurna is the language of the Kaurna people, an indigenous ethnic group, in South Australia. ... Adelaide is the capital city of the Australian state of South Australia. ... An important character in the Kaurna Aboriginal creation story, Tjilbruke (also Tjirbruki) carried the body of his nephew down the Fleurieu Peninsula coast of Gulf Saint Vincent, after his nephew was killed after hunting and killing a female Emu. ...

• Adynyamathanha
• Arabunna
• Kokatha
• Mirning
• Ngarrindjeri
• Narungga
• Pitjantjatjara
• Yankuntjara

The Adnyamathanha or Adynyamathanha people are an indigenous Australian people in South Australia. ... The Kokatha Mula are the traditional Aboriginal people of an area north of the Eyre Peninsula, including the Yumburra, Yellabinna, and Pureba regions north of Ceduna. ... The Ngarrinjeri is the language and traditional Aboriginal people of the lower Murray River and western Fleurieu Peninsula, Australia. ... Pitjantjatjara is the name of both an Aboriginal people (or Anangu) of the Central Australian desert and their language. ...

References

1. ^ ^{a b} Fitzpartick, Phil (1991). Kaurna'Warra, A selected wordlist form the language of the Karuna People of the Adelaide Plains. Adelaide: Department of Environment and Planning, Aboriginal Heritage Branch. 
2. ^ ^{a b c} Woerlee, Bill (2000-01-27). Kudnarto, In loving memory of my mother-in-law Anaseini Didrua Barrack. Retrieved on 2006-07-14.
3. ^ (1985) in A City of Salisbury Publication: Settlers on the Hill, A Local History of Para Hills. City of Salisbury, South Australia, p5. 

For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... July 14 is the 195th day (196th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 170 days remaining. ...

External links

• Concise History of the Kaurna People
• The Kaurna People
• Kaurna Warra
• Kaurna Culture
• Bibliography of articles
• Kaurna Yerta