NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Kaziranga National Park

Kaziranga National Park (Assamese: কাজিৰাঙ্গা জাতীয় উদ্যান , Assamese IAST: kājirāṅgā jātiya udyāna, Assamese IPA: kɑ/ɟi/rɑŋ/gɑ, Indian English IPA: kɑ/zi/rɑŋ/gɑ) is an Indian national park located on the south bank of the Brahmaputra river in the state of Assam, India. It is tourist destination and conservation area particularly notable as a refuge for the endangered Indian one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis), hosting the largest population of wild Indian one-horned Rhinoceros in the world. Stretching over an area of 430 km² (166 mi²), Kaziranga is a vast stretch of coarse, tall elephant grass, marshland and dense tropical moist broadleaf forests. The Park celebrated its centenary in 2005. Assamese (অসমীয়া) or Asamiya is the language spoken by some of the natives of the state of Assam in northeast India. ... IAST, or International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration is the academic standard for writing the Sanskrit language with the Latin alphabet and very similar to National Library at Calcutta romanization standard being used with many Indic scripts. ... IPA may refer to: The International Phonetic Alphabet or India Pale Ale ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This is a list of all national parks of India. ... The Brahmaputra is one of the major rivers of Asia. ... Assam (Assamese: à¦…à¦¸à¦® Ã”xÃ´m) is a north eastern state of India with its capital at Dispur, a part of Guwahati. ... Binomial name Rhinoceros unicornis Linnaeus, 1758 The Indian Rhinoceros or the great one-horned rhinoceros, Rhinoceros unicornis, is found in Nepal and in Assam, India. ... Square kilometre (US spelling: Square kilometer), symbol km², is an SI unit of surface area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (â‰ˆ1,609 m) in length. ... Binomial name Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. ... This article is about marsh, a type of wetland. ... Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, also known as tropical rain forests, are a tropical and subtropical biome. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

History

In the early 19th century, the area around Kaziranga was not well settled, as it was notorious for wild animals, malaria, frequent floods and unpredictable changing of course of the Brahmaputra River. With the rise of the tea industry in Assam, the forests in the area were slowly cleared for settlements and tea plantations. The local villagers practiced some slash and burn cultivation, while the British established small permanent colonies for tea cultivation.^[2] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (659x731, 247 KB) Mary Victoria Leiter, 1st wife of George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston Portrait study by Franz von Lenbach, 1902 Gallery: Alte Nationalgalerie Berlin, A III 513 File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (659x731, 247 KB) Mary Victoria Leiter, 1st wife of George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston Portrait study by Franz von Lenbach, 1902 Gallery: Alte Nationalgalerie Berlin, A III 513 File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link... Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease that is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Assam is a black tea named after the region of its production: (Assam, India). ... Assarting in Finland in 1892 Slash and burn (a specific practice that may be part of shifting cultivation or swidden-fallow agriculture) is an agricultural procedure widely used in forested areas. ...

The history of protection in Kaziranga dates back to the early 20th century, when Lady Curzon (Mary Victoria Leiter), the charming American first wife of Lord Curzon, then Viceroy of India visited the Kaziranga area in 1904.^[3] Kaziranga had already been known for its rhinoceros population. However Lady Curzon saw only hoofmarks and failed to see any rhinoceros. It is rumored that the noted Assamese animal tracker Balaram Hazarika showed Lady Curzon around Kaziranga and impressed upon her the urgency of conservation of the wildlife.^[4] Concerned about the dwindling numbers of rhinos, she asked her husband to take necessary action to save the rhinoceros, which he did. // Mary Victoria Leiter, wife of Lord Curzon-Viceroy of India. ... The Marquess Curzon of Kedleston George Nathaniel Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, KG, GCSI, GCIE, PC (11 January 1859 â€“ 20 March 1925) was a British Conservative statesman who served as Viceroy of India. ... The Governor-General of India (or Governor-General and Viceroy of India) was the head of the British administration in India. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

The Kaziranga Proposed Reserve Forest was thus created on 57,273.6 acres of land, on June 1, 1905 by notification of the Chief Commissioner of the area.^[5] A reserved forest (also called reserve forest) or a protected forest in India are terms denoting forests accorded a certain degree of protection. ... An acre is the name of a unit of area in a number of different systems, including Imperial units and United States customary units. ... June 1 is the 152nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (153rd in leap years), with 213 days remaining. ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... Commissioner is a designation that may be used for a variety of official positions, especially referring to a high-ranking public (administrative or police) official, or an analogous official in the private sector (e. ...

A proposal was made to extend the Kaziranga Reserve Forest by including a piece of land to the east of the existing reserve towards the Bokakhat Dhansirimukh road. Local people objected to this as their rights towards grazing, fishing, collection of cane, thatch and firewood etc would be in danger. The European community of tea planters also objected to the proposal mainly on the ground that the area available for big game shooting would be greatly reduced. Another objection was that during the rainy season there used to be a good deal of boating down the Difloo river and the Mori Dhansiri river through which tea from the neighboring tea gardens were taken into the Brahmaputra river. At last with the interventions of the Forest Settlement Officer and Deputy Commissioner, Sibsagar District Major A. Playfair, an area of 13,506 acres was added to the Kaziranga reserve vide notification No.295 R dated 28 January 1913.^[2] This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... January 28 is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

In later years another proposal was made to add extra land towards the north of the reserve to provide shelter to the wild animals during the flood as the ground was comparatively higher and also to protect the wild animals from the danger of possible epidemics spreading through the domestic livestock. The presence of a large number of domestic buffaloes belonging to Nepali grazers in the proposed area caused much delay in the final making of the Reserved Forest. However the Chief Commissioner decided in favour of making the reserve and finally an area of 37,529 acres of land extending the Kaziranga Reserve up to the Brahmaputra River was notified vide notification No.3560 R dated the 26 July 1917.^[2] July 26 is the 207th day (208th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 158 days remaining. ...

The additions continued and an area of 151 acres was further added to the Kaziranga reserve vide notification No.FOF/WL/512/66/17 on 7 April 1967^[2] extending the reserve to the south of the National Highway No.37 to provide a corridor to the animals to cross over to the Karbi Anglong Hills during the flood. April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... Karbi Anglong is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. ...

Finally, the proposal to declare Kaziranga as a National Park was taken up by the then Chief Conservator of Forests, P. Baruah. To achieve this objective "The Assam National Park Act of 1968" was passed by the Government of Assam, as there was no provision to create a National Park under the existing Forest Regulations. Kaziranga became a National Park with an area of 42,993 hectares vide notification No.FOR/WL/722/68 dated 11 February 1974.^[2] Brecon Beacons National Park, Wales, UK A national park is a reserve of land, usually declared and owned by a national government, protected from most human development and pollution. ... The Government of Assam is the provincial government of Assam. ... A hectare (symbol ha) is a unit of area, equal to 10 000 square metres, commonly used for measuring land area. ... February 11 is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

Later several new areas were added as additions to the National Park. The first addition (area 43.79 sq km on 28 May 1977), the second addition (area 6.47 sq km vide preliminary notification on 10 July 1985), third addition (area 0.69 sq km on 31 May 1985), fourth addition (area 0.89 sq km on 3 August 1988), fifth addition (area 1.15 sq km on 13 June 1985), and the sixth additions (area 376.50 sq km on 7 August 1999) were made.^[2] Two reserve forests Panbari (area of 1894 acres) and Kukurakata (3936 acres) also came under the administrative control of the Kaziranga National Park.^[2] May 28 is the 148th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (149th in leap years). ... July 10 is the 191st day (192nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 174 days remaining. ... May 31 is the 151st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (152nd in leap years), with 214 days remaining. ... August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. ... June 13 is the 164th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (165th in leap years), with 201 days remaining. ... August 7 is the 219th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (220th in leap years), with 146 days remaining. ...

The park formally became a Reserve forest in 1908, a game sanctuary in 1916, and was officially closed for shooting in 1926. Kaziranga was thrown open to visitors in 1938. After the independence of India, Kaziranga was declared a Wildlife Sanctuary in 1950. In 1954 the Assam Legislative Assembly^[6] gave the rhino legal protection through the Assam (Rhinoceros) Bill that laid down heavy penalties for killing rhinoceros. In 1974 Kaziranga was designated a National Park, the first national park in the state of Assam. UNESCO declared Kaziranga a World Heritage Site in 1985. ^[7] You may be looking for forest reserve, a generic term associated with protected forest areas, which is also used as a specific term for protected forests in some countries A reserve forest or a reserved forest is a specific term for designating forests and other natural areas which enjoy judicial... 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... The Indian independence movement was a series of steps taken in the Indian subcontinent for independence from British colonial rule, beginning with the Rebellion of 1857. ... India has over 500 animal sanctuaries, referred to as Wildlife Sanctuaries (IUCN Category IV Protected Area). ... Indias first National Park (IUCN Category II Protected area) was Hailey National Park, now Jim Corbett National Park, established in 1935. ... UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State...

Additional lands have been incorporated into the park, and a proposal to add some 45,450 hectares has been put forward to include the adjoining section of the Brahmaputra River to the north and part of the Mikir Hills to the south, to provide a protected refuge where animals can take shelter during floods.^[8]

The ULFA separatist movement in Assam however did not significantly affect the park's wildlife or tourism, unlike Manas National Park in Assam, and it has been reported that the ULFA actually "tried" and killed rhino poachers in the late 1980s.^[4] The United Liberation Front of Asom is a separatist organization from Assam. ... Political separatism is a movement to obtain sovereignty and split a territory or group of people (usually a people with a distinctive national consciousness) from one another (or one nation from another; a colony from the metropolis). ... Manas National Park is a National Park, UNESCO Natural World Heritage (in danger) site, a Project Tiger Reserve, an Elephant Reserve and a Biosphere Reserve in Assam, India. ... Poacher has two different meanings: A poacher is someone who engages in poaching – the theft or illegal killing of animals or plants, or sometimes artifacts. ...

Severe losses to the number of wildlife occurred during floods, the worth mention are the floods of 1973 in which several animals were killed.^[9] In 1988 a devastating flood ravaged the park in which 70% of the park was submerged under water killing 38 rhinoceros, including 23 calves, 1,050 deer, 69 wild boar, three baby elephants, two tigers and numerous smaller species.^[9] In 1996 44 rhinoceros were killed by floods.^[9] In 1998 due to exceptional heavy rainfall the Brahmaputra River flooded and parts of the Park were under 6 metres of water. ^[10] More than a square kilometre area of the floodplain was washed away; an estimated 652 animals, including 42 rhinoceroses, were lost.^[10] During that time WWF-India provided material assistance and the Indian army constructed ten islands on high ground for wildlife.^[10] The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international non-governmental organisation for the conservation, research and restoration of the natural environment, formerly named the World Wildlife Fund, which remains its official name in the United States and Canada. ... The Indian Army is the largest branch of the Armed Forces of India and has the primary responsibility of conducting land-based military operations. ...

The park celebrated its centenary with much fanfare in 2005, inviting descendants of Lord Curzon for the celebrations, and combining the celebrations with the annual Kaziranga Elephant Festival.^[4]

Human habitation in the area

The area around Kaziranga is part of the Middle Brahmaputra flood plains, and is flooded virtually every year, hence there have not been any large permanent settlements in the area in historic times.^[2] There are no villages within the boundary of the park. However the area outside the boundary of the park is densely populated. There were 39 villages within a 10 km radius of the park, with an estimated population of 22,300 people in 1983–1984.^[8] According to a 2002 report, the figure has risen to 184 villages with about 50,000 households.^[11] A few new settlements have come up in recent times outside the park borders for servicing the booming eco-tourism industry.^[11] Flood Plain along Lynches River Johnsonville, South Carolina Showing high water mark on tupelo and cypress trees In geography, a flood plain is a plain formed of sediment, typically dropped by a river. ... Ecotourism essentially means ecological tourism, where ecological has both environmental and social connotations. ...

Etymology of the name

There exists a folk story behind the name Kaziranga, which tells of a young man named Kazi from Karbi Anglong who fell in love with Ranga, a village girl. Their parents did not give consent to their affair, so they continued to meet each other in the forest. One day, both of them apparently disappeared in the forest and never returned, and the forest was thereafter named Kaziranga.^[12] Karbi Anglong is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. ...

Geography of the park

Political Geography

The park is located in the Kaliabor Subdivision of the Nagaon District, and also in the Bokakhat Subdivision of the Golaghat District, in the state of Assam in India. The administrative headquarters are located in the town of Bokakhat. It is roughly 40 km long and 13 km wide. It is 37,822 hectares in area, having lost around 5,114 hectares to erosion by the Brahmaputra.^[14] The land is owned by the State Government of Assam. The park is located between latitude 26°30 N to 26°45 N and longitude 93°08 E to 93°36 E.^[8] Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (5000x3815, 5976 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (5000x3815, 5976 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Nagaon is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. ... Golaghat is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. ... Bokakhat is a town and a town area committee in Golaghat district in the state of Assam, India. ... The Government of Assam is the provincial government of Assam. ...

The park is bordered by village settlements on three sides, which are serviced by the national highway NH37. There are as many as 39 villages within a 10 km radius of the park, with a roughly estimated population of 22,300 people in 1983–1984. ^[8]

Physical Geography ^[8]

Bounded by the hills of Barail and the Mikir Hills to the south, the southern border of the park is roughly defined by the Mora Diphlu River, and the national highway NH-37 was once the formal southern boundary of the park. The Brahmaputra River constitutes the dynamically changing Northern boundary of the park. The Eastern Himalayan foothill ranges are clearly visible from the park, which is part of the highly fertile Middle Brahmaputra alluvial flood plains. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (935x584, 1286 KB) From the JPL Map server. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (935x584, 1286 KB) From the JPL Map server. ... Perspective view of the Himalaya and Mount Everest as seen from space looking south-south-east from over the Tibetan Plateau. ... Alluvium (from the Latin, alluvius, from alluere, to wash against) is soil or sediments deposited by a river or other running water. ... Flood Plain along Lynches River Johnsonville, South Carolina Showing high water mark on tupelo and cypress trees In geography, a flood plain is a plain formed of sediment, typically dropped by a river. ...

Kaziranga is thus mostly flat expanses of fertile alluvial silt, exposed sandbars, riverine flood-formed lakes called bheels (bheels make up as much as 5% of the surface area) ^[8] and elevated flats called chapories where animals shelter during floods. Today many artificial chapories are build with the help of the Indian Army. ^[15]^[10]. The altitude of the park ranges from 40m to 80m ^[8] , with the Mikir Hills to the south of the park rising to around 1220 m^[8] . In geography, a bar is a linear shoaling landform feature within a body of water. ... The Indian Army is the largest branch of the Armed Forces of India and has the primary responsibility of conducting land-based military operations. ...

Climate

The Middle Brahmaputra Valley is one of the rainiest places on earth (see climate of India), and Kaziranga gets around 250 cm of rain per year. The park is flooded often by the Brahmaputra - necessary for maintaining the biological balance of the park, and slopes gently from the East to the West. It is not uncommon for the park to be flooded for 5 - 10 days at a time, and around three quarters of the Western reaches of the park - Baguri is annually submerged. ^[8] The climate of India is difficult to lay due to the countrys large geographic size and varied topography. ...

The park roughly experiences 3 seasons - summer, monsoon and winter. The dry and windy summer extends approximately from February to May with mean maximum and minimums of 37°C and 7°C . The Monsoon season extends from June to September, corresponding to hot and humid conditions, with a mean rainfall of 2220 mm of rainfall brought by the South West Monsoon in just this season. The winter, extending from November to February, is pleasantly mild and dry, with the mean maximum and minimum being 25°C and 5°C. ^[16] Monsoon in the Vindhya mountain range, central India A monsoon is a wind pattern that changes direction depending on the specific season. ...

Administrative breakup

The park is lead by a Conservator level officer as its Director. A Divisional Forest Officer is the administrative chief executive of the park. There are two Assistant Conservator of Forests and four range forest officers heading park ranges at Ghorakati (Burapahar Range), Baguri (Baguri Range), Kohora (Central Range) and Agoratoli (Eastern Range) respectively. The park is further divided into Beats (headed by a forester) and sub beats (headed by forest guard) for administrative purposes. ^[11]

There are three dirt tracks inside the park corresponding to the three forest ranges of the park: A forest range is a term used to signify an area containing one or more (usually) demarcated and (usually) protected or resource-managed forests, for administrative purposes. ...

For the documentary series aired on Doordarshan, see Sanctuary Films The Royal Bengal Tiger. ... The World Conservation Union or International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) is an international organization dedicated to natural resource conservation. ... The Big Game is the annual football game between Stanford University and the University of California, Berkeley (known simply as California or Cal), held in November. ...

Natural History of the Park

Kaziranga is one of the largest tracts of protected land in the sub-Himalayan belt, and due to its high species diversity and presence of high-visibility species, has been described as a "biodiversity hotspot". ^[17] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2592x1944, 1275 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Kaziranga National Park Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2592x1944, 1275 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Kaziranga National Park Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used... Perspective view of the Himalaya and Mount Everest as seen from space looking south-south-east from over the Tibetan Plateau. ... A biodiversity hotspot is a biogeographic region that is both a significant reservoir of biodiversity and is threatened with destruction. ...

Biomes

The park is located in the Indomalaya ecozone, and the dominant biomes of the region are: The Indomalaya Ecozone was previously called the Oriental region. ... In ecology, a biome is a major regional group of distinctive plant and animal communities best adapted to the regions physical natural environment, latitude, elevation, and terrain. ...

tropical rainforests in india ... Tropic wet forests in the World Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, also known as tropical wet forests, are a tropical and subtropical forest biome. ... The Terai or Tarai (moist land) is a belt of marshy grasslands, savannas, and forests at the base of the Himalaya range in India, Nepal, and Bhutan, from the Yamuna River in the west to the Brahmaputra River in the east. ... Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands are a grassland biome located in semi-arid to semi-humid climate regions of subtropical and tropical latitudes. ...

Fauna

Mammals

The park contains significant breeding populations of 35 mammalian species ^[18], out of which 15 are threatened mammals according to the IUCN Red List ^[8]. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 566 pixel Image in higher resolution (1600 Ã— 1131 pixel, file size: 633 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Orig source : Wikimedia file, by User:Peter Andersen. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 566 pixel Image in higher resolution (1600 Ã— 1131 pixel, file size: 633 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Orig source : Wikimedia file, by User:Peter Andersen. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 530 pixel Image in higher resolution (3040 Ã— 2014 pixel, file size: 4. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 530 pixel Image in higher resolution (3040 Ã— 2014 pixel, file size: 4. ... Binomial name Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. ... The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List and Red Data List), created in 1963, is the worlds most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of plant and animal species. ...

The park has the world's single largest breeding population of Indian rhinoceros ^[8], with the 2006 census estimating the present population to be around 1855, around 70% of the world's total wild population of 2700. ^[19] 1870 US Census for New York City A census is the process of obtaining information about every member of a population (not necessarily a human population). ...

The park contains significant stock of three other large herbivores - the Asian Elephant, the Asiatic Water Buffalo and the subspecies Eastern Swamp Deer (Cervus duvauceli ranjitsinghi). A census on wild Asiatic Buffaloes in March, 2001 revealed the presence of 1666 buffaloes - the largest single population of the species reported in this millenium ^[20], up from 677 in the 1984 census. Assam is India's most populous state with respect to Asiatic Elephants (an estimated 5,500 out of a total of 10,000 wild Asiatic elephants in India live in Assam)^[21], and Kaziranga contains as many as 1206 elephants (from the 2005 census), up from 1048 individuals (in the 2002 census)^[22]. The combined Kaziranga - Karbi Anglong Elephant Reserve has as many as 1940 elephants according to the 2005 survey ^[21]. Binomial name Elephas maximus Linnaeus, 1758 Asian Elephant range The Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus), sometimes known by the name of its nominate subspecies (the Indian Elephant), is one of the three living species of elephant, and the only living species of the genus Elephas. ... Water Buffalo in Indonesia Binomial name Bubalus arnee (Kerr, 1792) The Water Buffalo is a very large ungulate. ... Binomial name Cervus duvaucelii (G. Cuvier, 1823) The barasinga (sometimes spelt barasingha) is a type of deer, native to India and Nepal. ... March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The Eastern race of the Swamp Deer also had 468 individuals existing as noted in the 2002 census ^[23], down from 756 individuals noted in the 1984 census ^[8]. Other stable populations of large herbivores include the Gaur (30 individuals in 1984) and the Sambar (358 in 1984). Smaller herbivores include the Indian Muntjac (100 in the 1972 census), Barking Deer and Hog Deer. ^[8] For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Binomial name Bos gaurus H. Smith, 1827 The Gaur (IPA gauÉ¹) (Bos gaurus, previously Bibos gauris) is a large, dark-coated ox of the hilly areas of South Asia and Southeast Asia, which may be found wild or domesticated. ... Binomial name Cervus unicolor (Kerr, 1792) Sambar Sambar, common name for several large dark brown and maned Asian deer, particularly for the Indian species, which attains a height of 102 to 160 cm (40 to 63 in) at the shoulder and may weigh as much as 272 kg (600 lb). ... Binomial name Muntiacus muntjak Zimmermann, 1780 The Common muntjac, also called Indian muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) is the most numerous muntjac species. ... Species 10 species, see text Muntjac are deer of the genus Muntiacus, also known as Barking Deer. ... Binomial name Axis porcinus Zimmermann, 1780 The Hog Deer (Axis porcinus) is small deer whose habitat ranges from Pakistan, through northern India, to Myanmar, with a secondary range in southeast Asia. ...

The park has a large variety of primates - including all free roaming primates in India with the exception of the endemic Western Ghats primates and the newly discovered Arunachal Macaque. This includes the vulnerable and rare species of Bengal Slow Loris, Assamese Macaque, Capped Langur, Golden Langur and the only ape found in India - the Hoolock Gibbon. ^[24] Endemic, in a broad sense, can mean belonging or native to, characteristic of, or prevalent in a particular geography, race, field, area, or environment; Native to an area or scope. ... The Agasthiyamalai range of the Western Ghats The Western Ghats are a mountain range in India. ... Binomial name Macaca munzala Sinha et al. ... Binomial name Macaca assamensis (McClelland, 1840) The Assam Macaque (Macaca assamensis) is a macaque living in India, Nepal, Vietnam and southern China. ... Binomial name Trachypithecus geei (Khajuria, 1956) Gees Golden Langur (Trachypithecus geei) or simply the Golden Langur is an Old World monkey found primarily in the foothills of the Himalayas along the Assam-Bhutan border. ... Families Hylobatidae Hominidae Apes are the members of the Hominoidea superfamily of primates, which includes humans. ... Binomial name Bunopithecus hoolock (Harlan, 1834) The Hoolock Gibbon (Bunopithecus hoolock), also known as just the Hoolock, is a primate species from the family of the gibbons (Hylobatidae) and the only one in the genus Bunopithecus. ...

Kaziranga also has the rare distinction of being one of the very few places in the world which contains breeding population of three big cats outside Africa - the Royal Bengal Tiger, the Indian Leopard and the Clouded Leopard. ^[24] Kaziranga had a population of around 30 Bengal Tigers during the 1972 census, which grew to 86 in the 2000 census. This made Kaziranga the protected area with the highest tiger density in the world (0.2 tigers / sq km), and Kaziranga formally became a Tiger Reserve in 2006. ^[19] Big cat refers to large wild felines of the Americas, Africa, Asia, and Europe. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa. ... Trinomial name Panthera tigris tigris (Linnaeus, 1758) The Bengal Tiger or Royal Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) is a subspecies of tiger found through the rainforests and grasslands of Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, China, India and Nepal. ... The Indian Leopard is a subspecies of Leopard found in much of the Indian peninsula, Burma, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Nepal. ... Binomial name Neofelis nebulosa, Neofelis diardi (Griffith, 1821; Buckley-Beason 2006; Kitchener 2006) The Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa, Neofelis diardi) is a medium-sized cat, 60 to 110 cm (2 ft to 3 ft 6 in) long and weighing between 11 and 20 kg (25 to 44 lb). ... KM, Km, or km may stand for: Khmer language (ISO 639 alpha-2, km) Kilometre Kinemantra Meditation Knowledge management KM programming language KM Culture, Korean Movie Maker. ... For the documentary series aired on Doordarshan, see Sanctuary Films The Royal Bengal Tiger. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

The park is also home to Sloth Bears and to lesser felids like the Jungle Cat, Fishing Cat and the Leopard Cat. Other small mammals include the rare Hispid Hare and several common species of mongoose (Indian Gray Mongoose, Small Indian Mongoose), civets (Large Indian Civet, Small Indian Civet), small canids (Bengal Fox, Golden Jackal) pangolins (Chinese Pangolin, Indian Pangolin), weasels (Hog Badger, Chinese Ferret Badger), the Particolored flying squirrel and bats. ^[8] Binomial name Melursus ursinus (Shaw, 1791) The Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus) is a nocturnal bear, inhabiting the lowland forests of India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. ... Subfamilies Felinae Pantherinae Acinonychinae Machairodontinae (extinct) All cats are members of the family Felidae. ... Binomial name Felis chaus Schreber, 1777 The Jungle Cat (Felis chaus), also called Swamp Lynx (although not related to the lynxes), is a small cat with a rather short tail (length 70 cm, plus 30 cm tail). ... Binomial name Prionailurus viverrinus or Felis viverrina (Bennett, 1833) The fishing cat is bezutiful but would like to sleep on your face let it! or it will swallow your soul The Fishing Cat (Prionailurus viverrinus or Felis viverrina) is a medium-sized cat of Asia. ... Binomial name Felis bengalensis (Kerr, 1792) The Leopard Cat (Felis bengalensis) is a small wild cat of Southeast Asia. ... Binomial name Caprolagus hispidus (Pearson, 1839) The Hispid Hare, Caprolagus hispidus, is a leporid native to the foothills of the Himalaya. ... Subfamiles Herpestinae A mongoose is a member of the family of small cat-like carnivores. ... Binomial name Herpestes edwardsii Ã‰. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818 They are know for killing poisonous snakes. ... Binomial name Herpestes javanicus (Ã‰. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1818) Subspecies H. j. ... Subfamilies Hemigalinae Paradoxurinae Viverrinae The 32 species of civet (pronounced /ËˆsÉªvÉªt/), genet, and linsang make up the family Viverridae. ... Binomial name Viverra zibetha (Linnaeus, 1758) Categories: | | | | ... Binomial name Viverricula indica Desmarest, 1804 The Small Indian Civet (Viverricula indica), also called the Rasse, is a species of civet found across south and south-east Asia as well as in the Indonesian archipelago. ... Genera Alopex Atelocynus Canis Cerdocyon Chrysocyon Cuon Dusicyon Fennecus Lycalopex Lycaon Nyctereutes Otocyon Pseudalopex Speothos Urocyon Vulpes Canidae is the family of carnivorous and omnivorous mammals commonly known as canines. ... Binomial name Vulpes bengalensis (Shaw, 1800) // Range and Habitat The Indian fox (Vulpes bengalensis) is a fox endemic to the Indian subcontinent and is found from the Himalayan foothills and Terai of Nepal through southern India and from southern and eastern Pakistan to eastern India and southeastern Bangladesh Appearance Vulpes... Binomial name Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758 Golden Jackals (Canis aureus), also called Asiatic or Common Jackals, are small jackals native to northern and central Africa and southern Asia. ... Binomial name Manis crassicaudata Gray, 1827 Indian Pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) is pangolin or scaly ant-eater that is found in the slopes of Himalayan mountain range. ... Species Mustela africana Mustela altaica Mustela erminea Mustela eversmannii Mustela felipei Mustela frenata Mustela kathiah Mustela lutreola Mustela lutreolina Mustela nigripes Mustela nivalis Mustela nudipes Mustela putorius Mustela sibirica Mustela strigidorsa Mustela vison Weasels are mammals in the genus Mustela of the Mustelidae family. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Binomial name Melogale moschata The Chinese Ferret Badger Distinctive mask-like face markings distinguish the Chinese ferret badger from other oriental mustelids. ... Suborders Megachiroptera Microchiroptera See text for families. ...

Kaziranga's rivers (especially the adjoining stretch of the Brahmaputra) are home to the blind, highly endangered Ganges Dolphin. ^[8] The Brahmaputra is one of the major rivers of Asia. ... Binomial name Platanista gangetica Subspecies Platanista gangetica gangetica Platanista gangetica minor Ranges of the Ganges River Dolphin and of the Indus River Dolphin The Ganges River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica) and Indus River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica minor) are two sub-species of freshwater or river dolphins found in the Indian...

Even though the ubiquitous Wild Boar is present in Kaziranga, and Assam was part of the historical range of the critically endangered Pygmy Hog, the Pygmy Hog is no longer found in Kaziranga. The Indian Javan Rhinoceros was probably also an inhabitant of Kaziranga before becoming extinct. ^[25] Binomial name Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 The Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) is the wild ancestor of the domesticated pig. ... Assam (Assamese: à¦…à¦¸à¦® Ã”xÃ´m) is a north eastern state of India with its capital at Dispur, a part of Guwahati. ... Binomial name Sus salvanius Hodgson, 1847 Pygmy hogs (Sus salvanius) are an endangered species of small wild pig, previously spread across India, Nepal, and Bhutan but now only found in Assam. ... Trinomial name Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis The Indian Javan Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis) was a subspecies of Javan Rhinoceros that once lived from India, Bhutan, and Bangladesh to Myanmar and China. ...

Kaziranga's extremely diverse range of megafauna is probably only matched by the famous game parks of Southern and Eastern Africa. ^[26] The mammoth, an extinct genus of megafauna. ...

Birds ^[27]

Kaziranga is an important bird refuge with almost 478 species of birds (both migratory and resident) having been spotted at the park, including 25 globally threatened and 21 near threatened species ^[28]. The park has also been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by Birdlife International for the conservation of the avifaunal species. ^[28]. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 548 pixel Image in higher resolution (1452 Ã— 994 pixel, file size: 881 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Flickr: Link to image page Author: Pankaj License: CC-BY-SA 2. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 548 pixel Image in higher resolution (1452 Ã— 994 pixel, file size: 881 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Flickr: Link to image page Author: Pankaj License: CC-BY-SA 2. ... Binomial name Anastomus oscitans Boddaert, 1783 The Asian Openbill Stork, Anastomus oscitans, is a large wading bird in the stork family Ciconiidae. ... An Important Bird Area (IBA) is an area designated as globally important habitat for the conservation of bird populations. ... BirdLife International is the international conservation organization working to protect the worldâ€™s birds and their habitats. ...

A large number of waterfowl breed in or pass through Kaziranga including several rare species of geese (Lesser White-fronted Goose), and ducks (Ferruginous Pochard, Baer's Pochard). Other rare riverine birds include kingfishers (Blyth's Kingfisher), herons (White-bellied Heron), pelicans (Dalmatian Pelican, Spot-billed Pelican), shanks (Spotted Greenshank) and terns (Black-bellied Tern). Rare migratory storks and cranes are also seen wintering in the park (Lesser Adjutant, Greater Adjutant, Black-necked Stork, Asian Openbill). Other uses: Goose (disambiguation) Genera Anser Branta Chen Cereopsis † see also: Swan, Duck Anatidae Goose (plural geese) is the general English name for a considerable number of birds, belonging to the family Anatidae. ... Other uses: Goose (disambiguation) Binomial name Anser erythropus (Linnaeus, 1758) The Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus) is a goose closely related to the larger White-fronted Goose (). It breeds in northernmost Asia, but it is a scarce breeder in Europe. ... // Subfamilies Dendrocygninae Oxyurinae Anatinae Merginae Duck is the common name for a number of species in the Anatidae family of birds. ... Binomial name Aythya nyroca (Güldenstädt, 1770) The Ferruginous Duck (Aythya nyroca) is a medium-sized diving duck. ... Binomial name Aythya baeri Radde, 1863 The Baers Pochard (Aythya baeri) is a species of the genus Aythya. ... Families Alcedinidae Halcyonidae Cerylidae Kingfishers are birds of the three families Alcedinidae (river kingfishers), Halcyonidae (tree kingfishers), and Cerylidae (water kingfishers). ... Genera See text. ... Binomial name Ardea insignis Hume, 1878 The White-bellied Heron (Ardea insignis) is a species of heron. ... Species Pelecanus occidentalis Pelecanus thagus Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Pelecanus onocrotalus Pelecanus crispus Pelecanus rufescens Pelecanus philippensis Pelecanus conspicillatus A pelican is any of several very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under the beak belonging to the bird family Pelecanidae. ... Binomial name Pelecanus crispus Bruch, 1832 The Dalmatian Pelican (Pelecanus crispus) is a member of the pelican family. ... Binomial name Pelecanus philippensis Gmelin, 1789 The Spot-billed Pelican (Pelecanus philippensis) is a member of the pelican family. ... Shank can refer to: A major scaffold protein that interacts indirectly with both NMDA receptors and metabotropic receptors. ... Genera Sterna (Gelochelidon) (Hydroprogne) (Thalasseus) Chlidonias Phaetusa Anous Procelsterna Gygis Larosterna Terns are seabirds in the family Sternidae, previously considered a subfamily Sterninae of the gull family Laridae. ... Binomial name Sterna acuticauda Gray, 1832 The Black-bellied Tern Sterna acuticauda is a tern found near large rivers in South Asia. ... Long-distance land bird migration Many species of land birds migrate very long distances, the most common pattern being for birds to breed in the temperate or arctic northern hemisphere and winter in warmer regions, often in the tropics or the southern hemisphere. ... Genera See text. ... Genera Grus Anthropoides Balearica Bugeranus Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds of the order Gruiformes, and family Gruidae. ... Binomial name Leptoptilos javanicus Horsfield, 1821 The Lesser Adjutant, Leptoptilos javanicus , is a large wading bird in the stork family Ciconiidae. ... Binomial name Leptoptilos dubius (Gmelin, 1789) The Greater Adjutant, Leptoptilos dubius, is a large wading bird in the stork family Ciconiidae. ... Binomial name Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus (Latham,, 1790) The Black-necked Stork, Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus, is a large wading bird in the stork family Ciconiidae. ... Binomial name Anastomus oscitans Boddaert, 1783 The Asian Openbill Stork, Anastomus oscitans, is a large wading bird in the stork family Ciconiidae. ...

Kaziranga hosts a large number of raptors, a sign of a healthy ecosystem - including the rare Eastern Imperial Eagle, Greater Spotted Eagle, White-tailed Fishing Eagle, Pallas's Fish Eagle, Grey-headed Fish Eagle and the Lesser Kestrel. Kaziranga was once home to seven species of vultures. A great majority of these (approximately 99% of the stable population) was wiped out by kidney failure by consuming the veterinary drug diclofenac in domestic animal carcasses. Of these, the Red-headed Vulture, and Eurasian Black Vulture are still near threatened due to their large range, but the Indian Vulture, Slender-billed Vulture and the Indian White-rumped Vulture have suffered cataclysmic loss of numbers and are virtually extinct in the wild, including Kaziranga. The Indian populations of the other two vultures have also taken similar hits - the Griffon Vulture and the Himalayan Griffon, but they are still well represented outside India. The loss of vultures creates a critical ecological niche vacancy in Kaziranga. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Binomial name Aethopyga siparaja (Raffles, 1822) The Crimson Sunbird, Aethopyga siparaja, is a sunbird. ... Look up raptor in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... An ecosystem, a contraction of ecological and system, refers to the collection of biotic and abiotic components and processes that comprise and govern the behavior of some defined subset of the biosphere. ... Binomial name Aquila heliaca Savigny, 1809 The Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) is very similar to the Golden Eagle, but a little smaller (length 80 cm, wingspan 200 cm). ... Binomial name Aquila clanga Pallas, 1811 The Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga), or just Spotted Eagle, is a large bird of prey. ... The Pallass Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus leucoryphus, also known as Pallass Fish Eagle or Band-Tailed Fish Eagle) is a large, brownish sea eagle. ... Binomial name Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus (Horsfield, 1821) The Grey-headed Fish Eagle (Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus) is a bird of prey. ... Binomial name Falco naumanni Fleischer, 1818 The Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni) is a small falcon. ... Renal failure is when the kidneys fail to function properly. ... Veterinary medicine is the application of medical diagnostic and therapeutic principles to companion, domestic, exotic, wildlife, and production animals. ... Diclofenac (marketed as VoltarenÂ®, VoltarolÂ®, DiclonÂ®, DicloflexÂ® Difen and CataflamÂ®) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) taken to reduce inflammation and an analgesic reducing pain in conditions such as in arthritis or acute injury. ... This is a list of animals that have been domesticated by humans. ... Binomial name Sarcogyps calvus (Scopoli, 1786) The Red-headed Vulture Sarcogyps calvus, also known as the King Vulture or the Pondicherry Vulture, is a species of Old World vulture found in South Asia. ... Binomial name Aegypius monachus (Linnaeus, 1766) The Eurasian Black Vulture (Aegypius monachus) is also known as the Monk Vulture, the Cinereous Vulture, or just the Black Vulture. ... Binomial name Gyps indicus (Scopoli, 1786) The Long-billed Vulture, Gyps indicus, is an Old World vulture in the family Accipitridae, which also includes eagles, kites, buzzards and hawks. ... Binomial name Gyps indicus (Scopoli, 1786) The Long-billed Vulture, Gyps indicus, is an Old World vulture in the family Accipitridae, which also includes eagles, kites, buzzards and hawks. ... Binomial name Gyps bengalensis (Gmelin, 1788) The Indian White-rumped Vulture (Gyps bengalensis) is an Old World vulture in the family Accipitridae, which also includes eagles, kites, buzzards and hawks. ... Binomial name Gyps fulvus Hablizl, 1783 The Griffon Vulture, Gyps fulvus is an Old World vulture in the family Accipitridae, which also includes eagles, kites, buzzards and hawks. ... Binomial name Gyps himalayensis Hume, 1869 The Himalayan Griffon Vulture, Gyps himalayensis, is an Old World vulture in the family Accipitridae, which also includes eagles, kites, buzzards and hawks. ... Two lichenes species on a rock, in two different ecological niches In ecology, a niche is a term describing the relational position of a species or population in an ecosystem. ...

Other rare game birds (which were once hunted) include partridges (Swamp Francolin), bustards (Bengal Florican) and pigeons (Pale-capped Pigeon). Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2592 Ã— 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2592 Ã— 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... Binomial name Coracias benghalensis (Linnaeus, 1758) The Indian Roller also earlier locally incorrectly called the Blue Jay, (Coracias benghalensis) is a member of the roller family of birds which breeds in tropical southern Asia from Iraq to Thailand. ... Game is any animal hunted for food. ... Genera Perdix Alectoris Lerwa Bambusicola Ptilopachus Rollulus Haematortyx Caloperdix Arborophila Xenoperdix Melanoperdix â€ See also Pheasant, Quail, Grouse Partridges are birds in the pheasant family, Phasianidae. ... Binomial name Francolinus gularis (Temminck, 1815) The Swamp Partridge or Swamp Francolin (Francolinus gularis) is a species of partridge found in parts of India, Nepal and Bangladesh mostly in the Ganges and Brahmaputra valleys. ... Genera See text. ... Pigeon redirects here. ...

Several other important families of birds inhabit Kaziranga, including rare species of hornbills (Great Indian Hornbill and the lesser risk Wreathed Hornbill) Old World babblers (Jerdon's Babbler, Marsh Babbler) and weaver birds (the common Baya Weaver and the threatened Finn's Weaver), thrushes (Hodgson’s Bushchat), Old World warblers (Bristled Grassbird). Other threatened species include the Black-breasted Parrotbill and Rufous-vented Prinia. Genera Aceros Anorrhinus Anthracoceros Buceros Bucorvus Ceratogymna (=Bycanistes) Ocyceros Penelopides Tockus Hornbills (Family Bucerotidae) are a group of birds whose bill is shaped like a cows horn, but without a twist, sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible. ... Binomial name Buceros bicornis Linnaeus, 1758 The Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis) is a large hornbill. ... Binomial name Aceros undulatus (Shaw, 1811) The Wreathed Hornbill Aceros undulatus is a species of hornbill found in South Asia. ... Genera almost 50: see text The Old World babblers are a large family of Old World passerine birds. ... Genera Many:see text The Weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. ... Binomial name Ploceus philippinus (Linnaeus, 1766 ) The Baya Weaver (Ploceus philippinus) is a weaver found in South and South-east Asia. ... Binomial name Ploceus megarhynchus (Hume, 1869) Finns Weaver or Finns Baya (Ploceus megarhynchus) is a species of weaver bird found in the Ganges and Brahmaputra valleys in India and Nepal. ... Look up thrush in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Genus Many: see text The Old World Warblers, family Sylviidae, are a group of more than 280 small insectivorous passerine bird species. ...

Kaziranga was probably a habitat for the once-elusive and now-extinct Pink-headed Duck. Binomial name Netta caryophyllacea (Latham, 1790) Synonyms Anas caryophyllacea Rhodonessa caryophyllacea The Pink-headed Duck (Netta caryophyllacea) is (or was) a large diving duck. ...

Reptiles, Amphibians, Fish

A total of 42 species of reptile have been reported from the park. These include the endangered Gharial and the rare Assam Roofed Turtle.^[29] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 494 pixel Image in higher resolution (1277 Ã— 788 pixel, file size: 711 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Flickr: Link to image page Author: Pankaj License: CC-BY-SA 2. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 494 pixel Image in higher resolution (1277 Ã— 788 pixel, file size: 711 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Flickr: Link to image page Author: Pankaj License: CC-BY-SA 2. ... The Pallass Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus leucoryphus, also known as Pallass Fish Eagle or Band-Tailed Fish Eagle) is a large, brownish sea eagle. ... Binomial name Gavialis gangeticus (Gmelin, 1789) The gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) is one of two surviving members of the family Gavialidae, a long-established group of crocodile-like reptiles with long, narrow jaws. ... Binomial name Kachuga sylhetensis (Jerdon, 1870) Assam Roofed Turtle Kachuga sylhetensis is a species of turtle found in Assam and parts of eastern Bangladesh. ...

Two of the largest snakes in the world - the Reticulated Python and the Rock Python, as well as the longest venomous snake in the world - the King Cobra are common inside the park. The park also contains Bengal monitor and Water Monitor populations. The park is home to the rare Monocled Cobra, as well as three of the Big Four - Indian Cobra, Russell's Viper and Common Krait. // Binomial name Python reticulatus Schneider, 1801 The Reticulated Python (Python reticulatus), with a maximum recorded length 49 feet [1], is the longest existing snake species. ... Rock Python (real name MGula) is a super villain in the Marvel Comics Universe, most notably as a member of the second incarnation of the Serpent Society. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Binomial name Varanus bengalensis (Daudin, 1802) Bengal monitor (Varanus bengalensis), also known as the Common Indian Monitor, is a monitor lizard found throughout India. ... Binomial name Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) The Water monitor Varanus salvator is a member of the monitor lizard family. ... Binomial name Naja kaouthia Lesson, 1831 Monocled Cobra Naja kaouthia is a species of snake. ... The Big Four are venomous snakes, considered to be Indias four most deadly venomous snakes. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Binomial name Vipera russelli (Shaw, 1797) The Russells Viper is a common and highly venomous terrestrial snake, usually found in open country from India and Sri Lanka to Burma, Taiwan and Java. ... Common Krait (Bungarus caeruleus) is a type of krait that is found in the jungles of the Indian sub-continent. ...

In all, Kaziranga is home to 15 species of turtles, including the endemic Assam Roofed Turtle, and to one species of tortoise - the Brown Tortoise. A regional lizard species is also found in Kaziranga - the Assam Garden Lizard. Turtles and terapins may mean: plural of turtle Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles The Turtles band Turtles band Turtles Music stores See also: Turtle (disambiguation) This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... [[{{{diversity_link}}}|Diversity]] {{{diversity}}} Binomial name Manouria emys (Schlegel & MÃ¼ller, 1844) Trinomial name {{{trinomial}}} Type Species {{{type_species}}} {{{subdivision_ranks}}} [[Image:|250px|]] Synonyms Brown Tortoise Manouria emys is a species of tortoise found in India (Assam), Bangladesh, Myanmar (= Burma), Tailand and Malaysia and Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo). ... Binomial name Calotes maria Gray, 1845 An agamid lizard found in India (Khasi Hills in Assam). ...

42 species of fishes are found in the Kaziranga area, including a species of freshwater pufferfish Tetraodon cutcutia. ^[30] For the village on the Isle of Wight, see Freshwater, Isle of Wight. ... Genera Amblyrhynchotes Arothron Auriglobus Canthigaster Carinotetraodon Chelonodon Colomesus Contusus Ephippion Feroxodon Fugu Gastrophysus Javichthys Lagocephalus Liosaccus Marilyna Monotretus Omegaphora Pelagocephalus Polyspina Reicheltia Sphoeroides Takifugu Tetractenos Tetraodon Torquigener Tylerius Xenopterus For species see Genera articles. ...

Flora ^[8]

Four main types of vegetation types exist in the park ^[31]: Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 530 pixel Image in higher resolution (1024 Ã— 678 pixel, file size: 572 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Flickr: Link to image page Author: Pankaj License: CC-BY-SA 2. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 530 pixel Image in higher resolution (1024 Ã— 678 pixel, file size: 572 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Flickr: Link to image page Author: Pankaj License: CC-BY-SA 2. ... Tropic wet forests in the World Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, also known as tropical wet forests, are a tropical and subtropical forest biome. ...

Based on Landsat data for 1986, coverage by different vegetation is as follows: tall grasses 41%, short grasses 11%, open jungle 29%, swamps 4%, rivers and water bodies 8%, and sand 6%.^[16] Flooded grasslands and savannas are a biome, generally located at subtropical and tropical latitudes, where flooding is very frequent. ... Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands are a grassland biome located in semi-arid to semi-humid climate regions of subtropical and tropical latitudes. ... Tropic wet forests in the World Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, also known as tropical wet forests, are a tropical and subtropical forest biome. ... Tropic wet forests in the World Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, also known as tropical wet forests, are a tropical and subtropical forest biome. ... The Landsat program is the longest running enterprise for acqusition of imagery of Earth from space. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Grasslands dominate the western reaches of the park which are typically lower than the eastern end, with tall elephant grass on the higher ground while the short grasses covers the lower ground surrounding the bheels or flood created ponds. Annual flooding, grazing by herbivores and controlled burning maintains and fertilizes the grasslands and reeds. The common tall grasses are sugarcanes (Saccharum spontaneum, Saccharum naranga), Imperata cylindrica, Erianthus spp., Arundo donax and the Common Reed (Phragmites karka). Numerous forbs are present along with the grasses. Amidst the grasses, providing cover and shade are scattered trees - dominant species include Careya arborea, Emblica officinalis, the cotton tree or Bombax ceiba (in savanna woodlands), and Dillenia indica (in inundated grasslands). Binomial name Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. ... A flood (in Old English flod, a word common to Teutonic languages; compare German Flut, Dutch vloed from the same root as is seen in flow, float) is an overflow of water, an expanse of water submerging land, a deluge. ... Grazing is the regular consumption of part of one organism without killing it by another organism. ... A deer and two fawns feeding on some foliage A herbivore is often defined as any organism that eats only plants[1]. By that definition, many fungi, some bacteria, many animals, about 1% of flowering plants and some protists can be considered herbivores. ... Igniting a controlled burn. ... Binomial name Saccharum spontaneum Kans grass (Saccharum spontaneum) is a grass native to South Asia. ... species see text The genus Saccharum (Poaceae) contains the sugar canes (actually several species) and other ornamental grasses such as Ravenna grass. ... Binomial name Arundo donax L. Arundo donax L. (Giant Reed) is a tall perennial reed, native to fresh waters in the Mediterranean region. ... Binomial name Phragmites australis (Cav. ... A forb is a non-woody flowering plant that is not a grass. ... Binomial name Phyllanthus emblica Gaertn. ... Cotton ready for harvest. ... Binomial name Bombax ceiba L. Synonyms Bombax malabaricum DC. Bombax ceiba, like other tree from genus Bombax, is commonly known as cotton tree or tree cotton. ... Dillenia, a genus in the family Dilleniaceae, and named after the German Botanist Johann Jacob Dillenius. ...

Impenetrable evergreen forests, near Kanchanjhuri, Panbari and Tamulipathar blocks, are covered by trees such as Aphanamixis polystachya, Talauma hodgsonii, Dillenia indica, Garcinia tinctoria, Ficus rumphii, Cinnamomum bejolghota, and species of Syzygium. Tropical semi-evergreen forests occur near Baguri, Bimali and Haldibari. Common trees and shrubs are Albizia procera, Duabanga grandiflora, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Crateva unilocularis, Sterculia urens, Grewia serrulata, Mallotus philippensis, Bridelia retusa, Aphania rubra, Leea indica and Leea umbraculifera. ^[32] Species Garcinia atroviridis Garcinia benthami Garcinia cambogia - citrin, gambooge Garcinia hanburyi - Hanburys garcinia Garcinia hessii - lemon saptree Garcinia indica Garcinia kola - bitter kola Garcinia lateriflora Garcinia livingstonei - Livingstones garcinia, imbe Garcinia mangostana - mangosteen Garcinia merguensis Garcinia multiflora Garcinia myrtifolia Garcinia portoricensis Garcinia schombucgkiana Garcinia xanthochymus Garcinia is a... Species About 800, including: Ficus altissima Ficus americana Ficus aurea Ficus benghalensis- Indian Banyan Ficus benjamina- Weeping Fig Ficus broadwayi Ficus carica- Common Fig Ficus citrifolia Ficus coronata Ficus drupacea Ficus elastica Ficus godeffroyi Ficus grenadensis Ficus hartii Ficus lyrata Ficus macbrideii Ficus macrophylla- Moreton Bay Fig Ficus microcarpa- Chinese... Species See text Cinnamomum is a genus of evergreen trees and shrubs belonging to the Laurel family, Lauraceae. ... Species About 500; see text Syzygium is a genus of flowering plants, belonging to the myrtle family Myrtaceae. ... Species About 150 species Albizia is a genus of about 150 species of mostly fast-growing subtropical and tropical trees and shrubs in the Subfamily Mimosoideae of the legume family, Fabaceae. ... Species Duabanga grandiflora (Roxb. ... Binomial name Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. ... Sterculia (tropical chestnuts) Sterculia africana mopopaja tree Sterculia alata buddha coconut Sterculia alexandrii cape sterculia Sterculia apetala panama tree Sterculia balanghas Sterculia carthaginensis Sterculia chicha maranhao nut Sterculia diversifolia bottle tree Sterculia foetida sterculia nut, java olive Sterculia guerichii Sterculia guttata Sterculia ipomoeifolia Sterculia monosperma china chestnut, (pheng phok) Sterculia... Grewioideae is a subfamily of the Malvaceae family. ... Species Mallotus apelta Mallotus barbatus Mallotus hookerianus Mallotus paniculatus Mallotus peltatus Mallotus philippensis Mallotus repandus Mallotus is a genus of the spurge family Euphorbiaceae. ... Species Bridelia adusta Bridelia balansae Bridelia cathartica Bridelia cinnamomea Bridelia ferruginea Bridelia fordii Bridelia micrantha Bridelia monoica Bridelia montana Bridelia oligantha Bridelia retusa Bridelia stipularis Bridelia tenuifolia Bridelia whitmorei etc. ...

There are many different aquatic flora in the lakes, ponds and along the river shores. The invasive species Water Hyacinth is very common, often choking up open water, but is cleared during destructive floods. Lantana Invasion of abandoned citrus plantation; Moshav Sdey Hemed, Israel; May 2, 2006 The term invasive species refers to a subset of those species defined as introduced species or non-indigenous species. ... Species Seven species, including: - Anchored Water Hyacinth - Common Water Hyacinth - Variableleaf Water Hyacinth - Brazilian Water Hyacinth The seven species of water hyacinths comprise the genus Eichhornia of free-floating perennial aquatic plants native to tropical South America. ...

Another invasive species, Mimosa invisa of the Mimosa genus which is toxic to herbivores, was cleared by Kaziranga staff, with help from the Wildlife Trust of India in 2005. ^[33] Species Mimosa hostilis Mimosa nuttallii Mimosa pudica Mimosa strigillosa and about 400 other species. ... Toxic redirects here, but this is also the name of a song by Britney Spears; see Toxic (song) Look up toxic and toxicity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Logo of Wildlife Trust of India The Wildlife Trust of India, (WTI) is a non-profit conservation organisation based in New Delhi, India. ...

Conservation Management

Kaziranga started in 1908 as a reserve forest to protect rhinoceros and other wild animals. Thereafter shooting was prohibited and exploitation of forest products was stopped. However limited grazing was permitted till the declaration of the area as a national park. Kaziranga has a long history of management and practices include annual burning of the grasslands by wildlife staff. ^[8] Kaziranga has a good conservation history, especially due to its efficient management policies. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2592 Ã— 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (2592 Ã— 1944 pixel, file size: 1. ...

Control of poaching - Includes maintenance of existing and construction of new poaching camps, adequate staffing, providing mobility, patrolling, intelligence gathering, firearms and control over the use of firearms around the park. ^[2] The park has about 122 anti-poaching camps ^[34]scattered throughout the Park, including two floating camps on the Brahmaputra river. There are 123 country boats, 6 mechanised boats, 4 speed boats (OBM), 2 motor launches, 20 motor vehicles and 47 departmental elephants to assist the anti-poaching squad. ^[34] There are some 800 personnel, which include about 200 forest guards, game watchers, home guards, forest protection force, and temporary staff who guard the park round the clock. ^[34] The foresters are provided with 346 numbers of .315 bore rifles, 33 SBBL, 18 DBBL, five revolvers, 20 fixed and mobile wireless stations and more than a hundred walkie-talkies which helps in the anti-poaching activities and in fighting against the poachers. ^[34] With effective protection methods the number of poaching cases has declined in the park over the past few years. ^[35]

Flood season measures- Increasing of patrols, maintenance of existing and acquiring of new speed boats etc., controlling speed on the National Highway 37, construction and maintenance of highlands, removal of water hyacinth and close collaboration with other civil departments are some of the measures taken. ^[2]

Control of grazing and other Biotic Disturbances – Includes enforcement of legal measures, motivating the people to rear high yielding varieties of fodder, immunization of the livestock and fencing in the sensitive areas of the park. ^[2]

Weed control – Carrying out research on biological methods of controlling the weeds, manual uprooting and weeding before seed settling. ^[2]

Controlling ranging patterns of wild animals- Carrying out research on the reasons for straying and wildlife behaviour, erecting physical barriers, tranquilization, keeping vigil and mobile patrolling especially during the flood and cropping seasons. ^[2]

Wetland management- Carrying out research on siltation, stopping spread of Water hyacinth and de-Siltation activities. ^[2]

Grassland Management- To increase the existing grassland habitat various grassland management techniques such as controlled burning for grassland has been taken. ^[2]

Controlling erosion- Prevention of soil erosion through regular monitoring of the water flow using multi-date satellite date and planning medium and other long term measures. ^[2]

Animal Health Surveillance- Looking after the health and nutritional requirements of the departmental elephants and construction of permanent shelter for them. Maintenance and upkeep of records of all the livestock within a radius of 10 km of the park and regular immunization of the cattle living in the fringe villages. ^[2]

Man-animal coexistence- Paying compensation to the villagers for damaged crops and loss of life due to attack of wild animals, formation of crop protection committees, construction of vigilance camps, fencing and eco-development works have been proposed. ^[2]

Infrastructure and communication- Repairing and maintenance of the existing infrastructure, vehicles, wireless etc. and acquiring of new ones to keep up the conservation of wildlife. ^[2]

Park-specific information

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Activities

The best means of seeing the park is on the back of trained elephants with mahout guides, or in Jeep or 4WD vehicles. Most rides are booked and depart from the Park Administrative Centre in Kohora. A mahout is a person who drives an elephant. ... Jeep is an automobile marque (and registered trademark) of DaimlerChrysler. ... Four wheel drive or 4x4, is a type of four wheeled vehicle drivetrain configuration that enables all four wheels to receive power from the engine simultaneously in order to provide maximum traction. ...

Observation towers situated at Sohola, Mihimukh, Kathpara, Foliamari and Harmoti are also ideal for spotting wildlife. An observation tower (alpine also prospect control room) has the function to make as far a remote view and an instructive round view possible over 360° as possible. ...

Hiking in the park is not allowed taking into consideration the large number of potentially dangerous wild animals found in the park. Two hikers in the Mount Hood National Forest Eagle Creek hiking Hiking is a form of walking, undertaken with the specific purpose of exploring and enjoying the scenery. ...

Wildlife watching, including birding are the main activities inside the park. Birding or birdwatching is a hobby concerned with the observation and study of birds (the study proper is termed American origin; birdwatching is (or more correctly, was) the commonly-used word in Great Britain and Ireland and by non-birders in the United States. ...

Lodging

The park has a wide range of accommodation including rest houses, dormitory and lodges maintained by the Forest Department, Government of Assam and the India Tourism Development Corporation. Numerous private resorts are also available outside the borders of the park.

Approach

Jorhat Airport (also known as Rowriah Airport) (IATA: JRH, ICAO: VEJT) is located at Jorhat in the state of Assam, India. ... Tezpur Airport (IATA: TEZ, ICAO: VETZ) is located in Tezpur in the state of Assam, India. ... Lokopriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport (IATA: GAU, ICAO: VEGT), also known as Borjhar Airport, is the airport of Guwahati, Assam, India. ... Guwahati is the commercial capital of Assam and the gateway to the seven northeastern states of India. ... Great Western Railway broad gauge steam locomotives awaiting scrapping in 1892 after the conversion to standard gauge. ... Jorhat is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. ... Guwahati is the commercial capital of Assam and the gateway to the seven northeastern states of India. ... Tezpur is a city and a municipal board in Sonitpur district in the Indian state of Assam. ... Guwahati (Assamese: à¦—à§à§±à¦¾à¦¹à¦¾à¦Ÿà§€) is a major city in eastern India, often considered as the gateway to the North-East Region (NER) of the country and is the largest city within the region. ... Bokakhat is a town and a town area committee in Golaghat district in the state of Assam, India. ... Jorhat is an administrative district in the state of Assam in India. ...

Season

Kaziranga in popular culture

Kaziranga has been the theme or has been mentioned in several books, documentaries and songs. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Mark Shand is author of Travels on My Elephant and other books. ...

Kaziranga first came to the limelight after a Bengali doctor turned photographer and film maker Robin Banerjee's documentary, titled Kaziranga aired on Berlin TV in 1961 and was a runaway success. Robin Banerjee's career as a nature filmmaker took off - he went on to make 32 documentaries, and received the Padma Shree in 1971. ^[36] This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... Padma Shri (variously spelled Padma Shree, Padma Sree and Padma Sri) is an award given by the Government of India (generally to Indian citizens). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday. ...

Kaziranga, Assam was the name of a poem written by American science fiction and fantasy author L. Sprague de Camp about the park. The poem was first published in his Demons and Dinosaurs poetry collection in 1970. It was reprinted as Kaziranga in Years in the Making: the Time-Travel Stories of L. Sprague de Camp in 2005. ^[37] Note that this partial list contains some authors whose works of fantastic fiction would today be called science fiction, even if they predate, or did not work in that genre. ... The definition of a fantasy author is somewhat diffuse, and a matter of opinion - Jules Verne considered H. G. Wells to be a fantasy author - and there is considerable overlap with science fiction authors and horror fiction authors. ... L. Sprague de Camp from the cover of Time and Chance: an Autobiography, Donald M. Grant, 1996 Lyon Sprague de Camp, (November 27, 1907, New York City â€“ November 6, 2000, Plano, Texas) was an American science fiction and fantasy author. ... Demons and Dinosaurs is a 1970 collection of poetry by science fiction and fantasy author L. Sprague de Camp, published by Arkham House. ... The Chinese poem Quatrain on Heavenly Mountain by Emperor Gaozong (Song Dynasty) Poetry (from the Greek , poiesis, making or creating) is a form of art in which language is used for its aesthetic qualities in addition to, or in lieu of, its ostensible meaning. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

A children's storybook set in Kaziranga is the Kaziranga Trail, written by Arup Dutta, and illustrated by Jagdish Josh (Children's Book Trust, 1979) - a story about rhinoceros poaching and winner of Shankar's Award. ^[38] The famous Assamese singer Bhupen Hazarika refers to Kaziranga in one of his songs. ^[23] Jane Frank: illustration from Thomas Yoseloffs The Further Adventures of Till Eulenspiegel (1957). ... For the song by The Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... For other uses, see Poaching (disambiguation). ... Bhupen Hazarika is a multi-faceted artist from Assam, a state in the north-eastern part of India. ...

The BBC conservationist and travel writer Mark Shand authored the book and the corresponding BBC documentary Queen of the Elephants, based on the life of the first female mahout in recent times - Parbati Barua of Kaziranga. The book went on to win the 1996 Thomas Cook Travel Book Award and the Prix Litteraire d'Amis, providing free publicity simultaneously to the profession of mahouts, and to Kaziranga. ^[39] The British Broadcasting Corporation, usually known as the BBC (and also informally known as the Beeb or Auntie) is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world in terms of audience numbers, employing 26,000 staff in the United Kingdom alone and with a budget of more than GBÂ£4 billion... Conservationists are those people who tend to more highly rank the wise use of the Earths resources and ecosystems. ... Travel writing is a literary genre related to the essay and to the guidebook. ... Mark Shand is author of Travels on My Elephant and other books. ... A mahout is a person who drives an elephant. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ...

Further reading and viewing

New Delhi (Hindi: , Punjabi: , Urdu: â€Ž) is an urban area within the metropolis of Delhi, and the capital city of the Republic of India, as well as the seat of the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. ... Sanctuary Asia is one of Indias first and one of its leading environmental news magazines, being published in a bimonthly cycle. ... Mumbai (Marathi: à¤®à¥à¤‚à¤¬à¤ˆ, IPA: ), formerly known as Bombay, is the capital of the state of Maharashtra, the most populous city of India, and by some measures the most populous city in the world with an estimated population of about 13 million (as of 2006). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

^ (2003). "Section II: Periodic Report on the State of Conservation of Kaziranga National Park, India" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved on 2007-02-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s Kaziranga-History Accessed on February 23, 2007
^ Kaziranga Accessed on February 23, 2007
^ ^a ^b ^c Subir Bhaumik, Kaziranga's centenary celebrations, BBC News, South Asia, 18 February 2005
^ Sushanta Talukdar, Waiting for Curzon's kin to celebrate Kaziranga, The Hindu, January 5, 2005
^ Assam Legislative Assembly, 1954[Assam Legislative Assembly - History]
^ Travel Column, North East Enquirer, Vol. 3 Issue No. 22
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q UN Kaziranga factsheet
^ ^a ^b ^c Kaziranga Factsheet (Revised) Retrieved on [2007-02-27]
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d State of Conservation of the World Heritage Properties in the Asia-Pacific Region –Kaziranga National Park (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved on 2007-02-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c Mathur, V.B.; P.R. Sinha, Manoj Mishra. UNESCO EoH Project_South Asia Technical Report-Kaziranga National Park (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved on 2006-02-28.
^ Kaziranga-Myth Accessed on February 23, 2007
^ U.S. Army Map Service, Series U-502, map NG 46-7, Jorhat, India, 1962.[1]
^ Lahan, P. & Sonowal, R. (1973), Kaziranga WildLife Sanctuary, Assam. A brief description and report on the census of large animals (March 1972). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 70: (2): 245-277
^ WildPhotoToursIndia- Kaziranga National Park Retrieved on [2007-02-27]
^ ^a ^b Kushwaha, S.& Unni, M. (1986). Applications of remote censing techniques in forest cover monitoring and habitat evaluation - a case study at Kaziranga National Park, Assam, in, Kamat, D.& Panwar, H.(eds), Wildlife Habitat Evaluation Using Remote Sensing Techniques. Indian Institute of Remote Sensing / Wildlife Institute of India, Dehra Dun. pp. 238-247
^ Horn of Plenty, Pramila N. Phatarphekar, Outlook India, February 14, 2005
^ Kaziranga Mammals Checklist
^ ^a ^b Kaziranga adds another feather - declared tiger reserve, Syed Zakir Hussain, Indo-Asian News Service, August 10, 2006
^ 'Wild buffalo census in Kaziranga', The Rhino Foundation for Nature in NE India, Newsletter No. 3, June 2001
^ ^a ^b Elephant survey, Government of India, 2005
^ Kaziranga Animal Cencus
^ ^a ^b Here conservation is a way of life, Parbina Rashid, The Tribune, August 28, 2005
^ ^a ^b Kaziranga to be thrown open to tourists from October, The Hindu, September 10, 2003
^ WWF article, accessed February 26, 2007
^ NB: From the list of megafauna and their distributions]]
^ Barua, M., and P. Sharma. 1999. Birds of Kaziranga National Park, India. Forktail 15: 47-60.
^ ^a ^b Kaziranga Avifauna
^ Kaziranga Reptiles List
^ Kaziranga Fish List
^ Talukdar, B. (1995). Status of Swamp Deer in Kaziranga National Park. Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Assam.
^ Jain, S.K. and Sastry, A.R.K. (1983). Botany of some tiger habitats in India. Botanical Survey of India, Howrah. 71 pp.
^ Silent Stranglers, Eradication of Mimosas in Kaziranga National Park, Assam; Vattakkavan et al; Occassional Report No. 12, Wildlife Trust of India
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Heroes of Kaziranga
^ Thakur, Sivasish. "Rhino poaching in State declining", The Assam Tribune, 2007-02-03. Retrieved on 2007-02-27.
^ Robin Banerjee - The Face Behind Kaziranga, The Junior Sentinel, The Sentinel (Gauhati), February 12, 2007
^ NESFA.org
^ The Indian Subcontinent in Literature for Children and Young Adults, Meena Khorana, Greenwood Press, 1991
^ Wild at heart, Anupam Bordoloi, The Telegraph, March 13, 2005

PDF is an abbreviation with several meanings: Portable Document Format Post-doctoral fellowship Probability density function There also is an electronic design automation company named PDF Solutions. ... UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... February 23 is the 54th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... The current BBC News logo BBC News and Current Affairs is a major arm of the BBC responsible for the corporations newsgathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... This article is about the geopolitical region in Asia. ... February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For the article regarding followers of Hinduism, please see Hindu The Hindu is a leading English-language newspaper in India, with its largest base of circulation in south India. ... January 5 is the 5th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... PDF is an abbreviation with several meanings: Portable Document Format Post-doctoral fellowship Probability density function There also is an electronic design automation company named PDF Solutions. ... UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... PDF is an abbreviation with several meanings: Portable Document Format Post-doctoral fellowship Probability density function There also is an electronic design automation company named PDF Solutions. ... UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1 July 2002 Cover Page Outlook is an Indian weekly English newsmagazine in publication since October 1995. ... February 14 is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... The Tribune is a daily newspaper published in Chandigarh, India. ... August 28 is the 240th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (241st in leap years), with 125 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For the article regarding followers of Hinduism, please see Hindu The Hindu is a leading English-language newspaper in India, with its largest base of circulation in south India. ... September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... February 26 is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... The mammoth, an extinct genus of megafauna. ... Species Mimosa hostilis Mimosa nuttallii Mimosa pudica Mimosa strigillosa and about 400 other species. ... Logo of Wildlife Trust of India The Wildlife Trust of India, (WTI) is a non-profit conservation organisation based in New Delhi, India. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... February 3 is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... February 27 is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... The Sentinel is a daily newspaper printed in the city of Gauhati, in the state of Assam, India. ... February 12 is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... This article deals with The Daily Telegraph in Britain, see The Daily Telegraph (Australia) for the Australian publication The Daily Telegraph is a British broadsheet newspaper founded in 1855. ... March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

World Heritage Sites in India

Agra Fort | Ajanta Caves | Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park | Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus | Churches and Convents of Goa | Elephanta Caves | Ellora Caves | Fatehpur Sikri | Great Living Chola Temples | Hampi | Humayun's Tomb | Kaziranga | Keoladeo | Khajuraho | Mahabalipuram | Mahabodhi Temple | Manas Wildlife Sanctuary | Mountain Railways of India | Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers | Pattadakal | Qutub Minar | Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka | Sanchi | Sun Temple, Konarak | Sundarbans | Taj Mahal Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Image File history File links Example. ... The Brahmic family is a family of abugidas (writing systems) used in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Tibet, Mongolia, Manchuria. ... Wikitravel is a project to create an open content, complete, up-to-date, and reliable world-wide travel guide. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... Elabana Falls is in Lamington National Park, part of the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves World Heritage site in Queensland, Australia. ... View of the Agra Fort. ... Ajanta takes the name after the village AjinÅ£hÄ in Aurangabad district in the state of Maharashtra(N. lat. ... Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site which is located in India. ... Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus) (better referred to by its acronym CST) - is a historic railway station on Mumbai suburban railway. ... Founded in the 15th century, the city of Goa in south-western India was under Portuguese rule from 1510 until its incorporation in the Republic of India in 1961. ... Carvings line the walls inside the caves. ... Jain cave in Ellora Ellora is an ancient village 30 km (18. ... View across Fatehpur Sikri Fatehpur Sikri (Hindi: ) was the political capital of Indias Mughal Empire under Akbars reign, from 1571 until 1585, when it was abandoned, ostensibly due to lack of water. ... The Great Living Chola Temples are temples built during the Chola rule in the south of India. ... Vijay Vittal Temple Hampi (à²¹à³¦à²ªà³†, Hampe in Kannada) is a village in northern Karnataka, on the banks of the Tungabhadra River in India. ... Humayuns tomb is a complex of buildings of Mughal architecture located in Nizamuddin East, New Delhi. ... The Keoladeo National Park in Rajasthan, India is a famous avifauna sanctuary that sees thousands of rare and highly endangered birds such as the Siberian Crane come here during the winter season. ... Sculpture from a temple at Khajuraho Hermit monk performing auparashtika on a princely visitor. ... Mahabalipuram Mahabalipuram(Tamil:à®®à®•à®¾à®ªà®²à®¿à®ªà¯à®°à®®à¯) (also known as Mamallapuram) is a town in Kancheepuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. ... The Mahabodhi Temple is a Buddhist temple in Bodh Gaya, the location where Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha, attained enlightenment. ... Manas National Park is a National Park, UNESCO Natural World Heritage (in danger) site, a Project Tiger Reserve, an Elephant Reserve and a Biosphere Reserve in Assam, India. ... The mountain railways of India are scattered from the North East of the country and the South of the Country. ... The Nanda Devi National Park is a national park situated around the peak of Nanda Devi (7,800m) in Jammu and Kashmir in India. ... Valley of flowers is the name of the Himalayan area in Uttaranchal, India. ... Pattadakal is a city in the Indian state of Karnataka famous for its group of monuments that comprise of initial experiments in Hindu temple architecture. ... A map of the Qutb complex. ... Bhimbetka is a place in Madhya Pradesh where the earliest known traces of human life in India were found. ... Sanchi is a small village of India, located 46 km north east of Bhopal, in the central part of the state of Madhya Pradesh. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Sundarbans National Park (Bengali: à¦¸à§à¦¨à§à¦¦à¦°à¦¬à¦¨ à¦œà¦¾à¦¤à§€à¦¯à¦¼ à¦‰à¦¦à§à¦¦à§à¦¯à¦¾à¦¨) is a National Park, Tiger Reserve, UNESCO World Heritage Site and a Biosphere Reserve located in the Sundarbans delta in Indian state of West Bengal. ... The Taj Mahal, viewed from the Northern bank of Yamuna river. ...

Categories: IUCN Category II | World Heritage Sites in India | National parks of India | Geography of Assam | Tourism in Assam Brecon Beacons National Park, Wales, UK A national park is a reserve of land, usually declared and owned by a national government, protected from most human development and pollution. ... Campbell Bay National Park is a national park in India, located on the island of Great Nicobar, the largest of the Nicobar Islands in the eastern Indian Ocean some 190 km to the north of Sumatra. ... Galathea National Park is a National Park located in the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. ... Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park is a national park of India in Wandoor on the Andaman Islands. ... The Mount Harriet Island National Park is a national park located in Ferrargunj tehsil in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Union Territory. ... Middle Button Island National Park is an Indian national park located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. ... North Button Island National Park is a national park in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands along the coast of India. ... Rani Jhansi Marine National Park is located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal. ... A national park found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. ... A national park located in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands off the coast of India. ... Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park is a national park located in the Jubilee hills in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. ... Located in Vanasthalipuram, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. ... A national park in Andhra Pradesh, India. ... A national park located in the Cuddapah and Chittoor districts of Andhra Pradesh in India. ... A national park located in the Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh About 500 square km. ... A national park located on the banks of the Brahmaputra River close to Miao in the Changlang District of Arunachal Pradesh. ... A national wildlife park found in Tinsukia, Assam, India. ... Manas National Park is a National Park, UNESCO Natural World Heritage (in danger) site, a Project Tiger Reserve, an Elephant Reserve and a Biosphere Reserve in Assam, India. ... Located in the foothills of the Eastern Himalayas in the Sonitpur District of Assam, India. ... A national park located in the north banks of the Brahmaputra River near Tezpur, Assam, India. ... A national park located in the West Champaran district of Bihar, in India. ... A national park located in the Dantewada district of Chhattisgarh. ... A national park located near the Kholaba River in the district of Bastar, Chhattisgarh , India. ... Mollem National Park is a national park in the Goa state of India. ... Blackbuck National Park at Velavadar is situated in the Bhavnagar District of Gujarat state, India. ... The Gir Forest National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary (also known as Sasan-Gir) is the sole home of the pure Asiatic Lions (Panthera leo persica). ... Marine National Park in the Gulf of Kutch is situated in the Jamnagar District of Gujarat state, India. ... Vansda National Park is situated in the Navsari District of Gujarat state, India. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Sultanpur National Park is an 356 acre park located in Haryana, India. ... Great Himalayan National Park (GHNP) is the newest addition to Indias national parks, located in Kullu region in the state of Himachal Pradesh. ... A national park located in Spiti region of the Himachal Pradesh in India. ... A national park located in Jammu and Kashmir. ... A national park of India located in the Eastern Ladakh part of Jammu and Kashmir. ... A national park found in the Doda district of Jammu and Kashmir, India. ... Salim Ali National Park is a national park in Jammu and Kashmir in India. ... A national park located in the Chotanagpur plateau of the Daltonganj district of Jharkhand, in India. ... A national park located in the North Kannada district of Karnataka, in India. ... Bandipur National Park is one of Indias best known sanctuaries, and is an important Project Tiger reserve. ... A panther at Bannerghatta Zoo Bannerghatta National Park is situated 22 km south of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. ... A national park which extends over tho districts of Karnataka in India which are: Dakshin Kannada and Chikmaglur. ... Nagarhole National Park (also known as Rajiv Gandhi National Park) is located 94 km away from Mysore. ... A national park located along the Western Ghats in the Idukki district of Kerala in India. ... A national park located in the Idukki region of Kerala in India. ... Kerala Forest Department sign, located at the Information Centre. ... Silent Valley National Park is a National Park in Palakkad district, Kerala, India. ... Bandhavgarh National Park is located in Umaria district of Madhya Pradesh state in India. ... Mandla Plant Fossils National Park is situated in Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh in India. ... Kanha National Park, part of Project Tiger, is located in Madhya Pradesh, India. ... // Overview Madhav National Park is situated in Shivpuri district of Gwalior region in northwest Madhya Pradesh, India. ... national park located in the Chattarpur area of Madhya Pradesh in India. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The Sanjay National Park is located in the Madhya Pradesh state of India. ... Satpura National Park is located in district Hoshangabad of Madhya Pradesh in India. ... A national park in India located 7 km from Bhopal, the capital city of Madhya Pradesh. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Melghat Tiger Reserve is a natural reservation area located on the southern offshoot of the Satpura Hill Range in Central India, in the Amravati District of the Indian state of Maharashtra. ... A national park located in the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, India. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The path to Kanheri Rivers in the park The Borivali National Park, officially known as the Sanjay Gandhi National Park, is a rare National Park that lies within city limits. ... Nagpur, situated in the northeastern corner of Maharashtra, known as Vidharbha, is also the geographic center of India. ... The Keibul Lamjao National Park is the last natural refuge of the Manipur brow antlered deer (Cervus eldi eldi). ... A national park located in the state of Manipur in India. ... Balphakram National Park is a national park located about 3,000 metres above sea level, near the Garo Hills in Meghalaya. ... A national park located in the Garo Hills near the Tura Peak in Meghalaya, India. ... A national park located in the Champhai district Mizoram in India. ... A national park located in South-Eastern Mizoram in India. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... A national park located in the Kendrapara district of Orissa in India. ... A national park in the state of Orissa, in India. ... Darrah National Park in Rajasthan, India is a national park established in 2004 comprising of three wildlife sanctuaries in Rajasthan - Darrah WLS, Chambal WLS and Jaswant Sagar WLS. The national park contains large tracts of forests formerly part of the Maharaja of Kotas hunting grounds. ... Desert National Park, Rajasthan, India. ... The Keoladeo National Park in Rajasthan, India is a famous avifauna sanctuary that sees thousands of rare and highly endangered birds such as the Siberian Crane come here during the winter season. ... Ranthambore National Park, part of Project Tiger, is located in Rajasthan, India. ... The Sariska Tiger Reserve is an Indian National Park located in the Alwar District of the state of Rajasthan. ... A national park located in Sikkim in India. ... The Guindy National Park, the smallest national park of India and one of the very few national parks situate inside a metro, is located in Chennai, South India. ... The Gulf of Mannar is an arm of the Indian Ocean, lying between the southern tip of India and the west coast of Sri Lanka at a width of between 160 and 200 km (100 to 125 mi). ... Indira Gandhi National Park is a wildlife sanctuary located in the Anaimalai Hills of Tamilnadu state, India. ... // Location and geography The Mudumalai sanctuary lies on the northern and north-western side of the Nilgiri (Blue Mountains), about 80 km north-west of Coimbatore in the extreme north-western corner of Tamil Nadu, on the interstate boundaries with Karnataka and Kerala states in southern India. ... A national park found in the state of Tamil Nadu in India. ... A deer from the Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary that they call hangul but it does not seem to match the Kashmir Stag. ... Dudhwa National Park in a Nutshell Location: Dudhwa (Dist. ... A herd of Indian wild elephants at Corbett national park. ... A national park located in Uttaranchal, India. ... A wildlife sanctuary located at Uttarkashi, Uttar Pradesh. ... The Nanda Devi National Park is a national park situated around the peak of Nanda Devi (7,800m) in Jammu and Kashmir in India. ... A national park that encompasses the Shivaliks, near the feet of the Himalayas. ... Valley of flowers is the name of the Himalayan area in Uttaranchal, India. ... The Buxa National Park is a national park located in West Bengal, India, in the Buxa hills of the southern hilly area of Bhutan. ... Gorumara National Park is a National Park in Northern West Bengal, India. ... Neora Valley National Park is a national park located in the Darjeeling District of West Bengal, India. ... A national park of India located at the high altitude of more than 7000 metres above the sea level, in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal. ... The Sundarbans National Park (Bengali: à¦¸à§à¦¨à§à¦¦à¦°à¦¬à¦¨ à¦œà¦¾à¦¤à§€à¦¯à¦¼ à¦‰à¦¦à§à¦¦à§à¦¯à¦¾à¦¨) is a National Park, Tiger Reserve, UNESCO World Heritage Site and a Biosphere Reserve located in the Sundarbans delta in Indian state of West Bengal. ... Brecon Beacons National Park, Wales, UK A national park is a reserve of land, usually declared and owned by a national government, protected from most human development and pollution. ... India has the following kinds of Protected areas, in the sense of the word designated by IUCN. As of May 2004, India has 156,700 kmÂ² of surface area designated as protected areas, roughly 4. ... Indias first National Park (IUCN Category II Protected area) was Hailey National Park, now Jim Corbett National Park, established in 1935. ...

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