Keith Jarrett
Keith Jarrett, The Köln Concert
Background information
Born	May 8, 1945 (1945-05-08) (age 62) Allentown, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Genre(s)	Progressive jazz, Mainstream jazz, Avant-garde jazz, Jazz fusion, Post bop, Contemporary jazz
Occupation(s)	Pianist
Instrument(s)	Piano
Years active	1966-present

Keith Jarrett (born May 8, 1945) is an American pianist and composer. Keith Jarrett may refer to: Keith Jarrett, veteran Jazz musician; Keith Jarrett (rugby player), Welsh Rugby player during the 1960s Category: ... Image File history File links Keith_Jarrett_Koln_Concert_Cover. ... The Köln Concert is a recording released through ECM by the renowned jazz pianist Keith Jarrett, who performed solo improvisations at the Cologne Opera House at Köln/Cologne in 1975. ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... Allentown is the name of some places in the United States of America: Allentown, Georgia, a town in Bleckley County Allentown, New Jersey, a borough in Monmouth County Allentown, Pennsylvania, a city in Lehigh County, the largest and most prominent known place by this name Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton metropolitan area... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Mainstream jazz is a genre of jazz music that was first used in reference to the playing styles of musicians like Buck Clayton among others; performers who once heralded from the era of big band swing music whom did not abandon swing for bebop, instead performing the music in smaller... Avant-jazz (also known as avant-garde jazz) is a style of music and improvisation that combines elements of avant-garde art music composition with elements of traditional jazz. ... Jazz fusion (or jazz-rock fusion or fusion) is a musical genre that merges elements of jazz with other styles of music, particularly pop, rock, folk, reggae, funk, metal, country, R&B, hip hop, electronic music and world music. ... Post-bop is a term for a form of small-combo jazz music that evolved in the early-to-mid sixties. ... Smooth jazz is a controversial term, denoting a form of music that many jazz lovers do not consider to be a form of jazz, and that others do. ... A pianist is a person who plays the piano. ... A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified with the purpose of making music. ... A short grand piano, with the top up. ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... A pianist is a person who plays the piano. ... A composer is a person who writes music. ...

His career started with Art Blakey, Charles Lloyd and Miles Davis. Since the early 1970s he has enjoyed a great deal of success in both classical music and jazz, as a group leader and a solo performer. His improvisation technique combines not only jazz, but also other forms of music, especially classical, gospel, blues, and various ethnic-folk musics. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Charles Lloyd with Reuben Rogers and Eric Harland, Santa Barbara, 2006 Charles Lloyd on stage with Billy Higgins Charles Lloyd (March 15, 1938-) is an American jazz musician. ... Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926 – September 28, 1991) was an American jazz musician widely considered to be one of the most influential of the 20th century. ... For other uses, see Jazz (disambiguation). ... This article is about Western art music from 1000 AD to the 2000s . ... Gospel music is a musical genre characterized by dominant vocals (often with strong use of harmony) referencing lyrics of a religious nature, particularly Christian. ... “Blues music” redirects here. ...

Early years

Jarrett grew up with a significant exposure to music. In his teens, he learned jazz and quickly became proficient in it. His talent as a piano player was encouraged, and he became something of a child prodigy. At one point, he had an offer to study composition with the legendary Nadia Boulanger in Paris; this was amiably turned down by Jarrett and his mother. His younger brother, Chris Jarrett, is also a pianist and his other brother Scott Jarrett is a producer/songwriter. In his early teens, he developed a stronger interest in the contemporary jazz scene: he recalls a Dave Brubeck show as an early inspiration. Nadia Boulanger (September 16, 1887 – October 22, 1979) was an influential French composer, conductor, and music professor. ... Chris Jarrett (born 1956 in Allentown, Pennsylvania) is an American pianist and composer. ... David Warren Brubeck (born December 6, 1920 in Concord, California[1]), better known as Dave Brubeck, is a U.S. jazz pianist. ...

Following his graduation from high school, he moved from Allentown to Boston, Massachusetts, where he attended the Berklee College of Music and played cocktail piano. After about a year in Boston, Jarrett was kicked out of Berklee after being caught late one night playing on an expensive piano with vibes mallets.^{[citation needed]} Jarrett then moved to New York City, where he played at the renowned Village Vanguard club. “Boston” redirects here. ... Berklee College of Music, founded in 1945, is an independent music college in Boston, Massachusetts with many prominent faculty, staff, alumni, and visiting artists. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... The Village Vanguard is a famous jazz club, located at 178 Seventh Avenue (just below W 11th St. ...

In New York, Art Blakey hired him to play with his Jazz Messengers band, and he subsequently became a member of the Charles Lloyd Quartet (a group which included Jack DeJohnette, a frequent musical partner throughout Jarrett's career). The Lloyd quartet's 1966 album Forest Flower was one of the most successful jazz recordings of the late 1960s. Jarrett also started to record as a leader at this time, in a trio with Charlie Haden and Paul Motian. Jarrett's first album as a leader, Life Between The Exit Signs (1967), appeared around this time on the Vortex label, to be followed by Restoration Ruin (1968), which is easily the most bizarre entry in the Jarrett catalog. Not only does Jarrett barely touch the piano, he plays all the other instruments on what is essentially a folk-rock album, and even does all the singing. Another trio album with Haden and Motian followed later in 1968, this one recorded live for the Atlantic label and called Somewhere Before. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Jack DeJohnette (b. ... Year 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. ... Charles Edward Haden (born August 6, 1937) is a jazz double bassist, probably best known for his long association with saxophonist Ornette Coleman. ... Stephen Paul Motian (born 25 March 1931 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and raised in Providence, Rhode Island), is a American jazz drummer, percussionist and composer of Armenian extraction. ... Life Between The Exit Signs was recorded on May 4, 1967 at Atlantic Recording studios, New York City. ...

Miles Davis

When the Charles Lloyd quartet came to an end, Jarrett was asked to join the Miles Davis group after Miles heard Jarrett in a New York City club. During his tenure with Davis, he played both electronic organ and electric piano, alternating with Chick Corea; after Corea left, he often played the two simultaneously. Despite Jarrett's dislike of amplified music and electric instruments, he stayed on out of his respect for Davis and his wish to work again with DeJohnette. Jarrett can be heard on four of Davis's albums, Miles Davis at Fillmore: Live at the Fillmore East, The Cellar Door Sessions (recorded December 16–December 19, 1970 at a club in Washington, DC) and Live-Evil, which was largely composed of heavily-edited Cellar Door recordings. The extended sessions from these recordings can be heard on The Complete Cellar Door Sessions. He also plays electric organ on Get Up with It; the song he features on, "Honky Tonk", is an edit of a track available in full on The Complete Jack Johnson Sessions. Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926 – September 28, 1991) was an American jazz musician widely considered to be one of the most influential of the 20th century. ... Classic Hammond B-3 organ. ... An electric piano (e-piano) is an electric musical instrument whose popularity started in the late 1960s, was at its greatest during the 1970s and still is big today. ... Armando Anthony Chick Corea (born June 12, 1941) is a multiple Grammy Award winning American jazz pianist/keyboardist and composer. ... The Cellar Door Sessions is a 2005 reissue of several 1970 concerts given by Miles Davis. ... is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... Live Evil is the first and only Ronnie James Dio-fronted live album by British heavy metal band Black Sabbath, released in 1982 (see 1982 in music). ... Get Up With It is an album collecting tracks recorded between 1970 and 1974 by Miles Davis. ... The Complete Jack Johnson Sessions were recorded in April 1970 by Miles Davis, and released in November 2003. ...

Officially released Miles Davis recordings on which Jarrett appeared: Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926 – September 28, 1991) was an American jazz musician widely considered to be one of the most influential of the 20th century. ...

• At Fillmore** (double LP issued in 1971, recorded June 1970, taken from four consecutive nights at the Fillmore East). Not to be confused with Miles Davis Live at the Fillmore East, March 7, 1970 - It's about That Time -on which Jarrett does not appear (2 CD. Recorded in March 1970, released in 2003)
• Live-Evil (1970)
• Get Up With It (1974)
• Directions (1980) a release of previously unavailable recordings.
• The Columbia Years: 1955-1985 (1990) mainly a collection of previously issued recordings; includes some of the above cited Jack Johnson outtakes.
• Miles Electric: A Different Kind of Blue** (2004) a 1970 performance at the Isle of Wight festival, released on DVD in 2004.
• The Cellar Door Sessions (2005) -complete recordings of live sessions that produced the live segments of Live-Evil

Those recordings followed by two asterisks also include Chick Corea on electric piano. Live Evil is the first and only Ronnie James Dio-fronted live album by British heavy metal band Black Sabbath, released in 1982 (see 1982 in music). ... Get Up With It is an album collecting tracks recorded between 1970 and 1974 by Miles Davis. ... The Cellar Door Sessions is a 2005 reissue of several 1970 concerts given by Miles Davis. ... Armando Anthony Chick Corea (born June 12, 1941) is a multiple Grammy Award winning American jazz pianist/keyboardist and composer. ...

1970s quartets

From 1971 to 1976, Jarrett added saxophonist Dewey Redman to the existing trio with Haden and Motian. The "American Quartet" was often supplemented by an extra percussionist, such as Danny Johnson, Guilherme Franco, or Airto Moreira, and occasionally by guitarist Sam Brown. The members would also play a variety of instruments, with Jarrett often being heard on soprano saxophone and percussion as well as piano, Redman on musette, a Chinese double-reed instrument, and Motian and Haden on a variety of percussion. Haden also produces a variety of unusual plucked and percussive sounds with his acoustic bass, even running it through a wah-wah pedal for one track ("Mortgage On My Soul," on the album Birth). The group recorded for Atlantic Records, Columbia Records, Impulse! Records and ECM. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Guilherme Franco born November 25th 1946 in Sao Paulo, Brazil, is a percussionist in the jazz and World fusion music genres. ... Airto Moreira (born August 5, 1941) is a Brazilian Jazz percussionist and musician. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Atlantic Records (Atlantic Recording Corporation) is an American record label, and operates as a wholly owned subsidiary of Warner Music Group. ... Columbia Records is the oldest brand name in recorded sound, dating back to 1888, and was the first record company to produce pre-recorded records as opposed to blank cylinders. ... Impulse! Records is an American based jazz record label, originally launched in 1960 by Creed Taylor as a subsidiary of ABC-Paramount Records in New York City. ... ECM (Edition of Contemporary Music) is a record label founded in Munich, Germany in 1969 by Manfred Eicher. ...

The group's recordings include:

• Birth, El Juicio and The Mourning of a Star (all 1971), recorded at the same sessions, though Redman does not appear on the latter; these albums were issued by Atlantic Records
• Expectations (1972), Jarrett's only album for Columbia, an ambitious, wide-ranging session that included rock-influenced guitar by Sam Brown as well as string and brass arrangements, and for which his contract with Columbia was immediately terminated
• Fort Yawuh (1973), recorded live at the Village Vanguard in New York City; his first album on Impulse! Records
• Backhand (1974)
• Treasure Island (1974)
• Death and the Flower (1974)
• Shades (1975)
• Mysteries (1975)
• Eyes of the Heart (1976), a live recording originally released as a three-sided LP by ECM, with the fourth side containing blank grooves.
• The Survivor's Suite (1976)
• Byablue (1976)
• Bop-Be (1977)

The last two albums, both recorded for Impulse!, primarily feature the compositions of the other band members, as opposed to Jarrett's own which dominate the previous albums. This article is about the concept of expectation as a thought or belief. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Village Vanguard is a famous jazz club, located at 178 Seventh Avenue (just below W 11th St. ...

Jarrett's compositions and the strong musical identities of the group members gave this group a very distinctive sound. The group's music was an interesting and exciting amalgam of free jazz, straight-ahead post-bop, gospel music, and exotic Middle-Eastern-sounding improvisations.

In the mid and late 1970s Jarrett led a "European Quartet" concurrently with the above discussed "American Quartet", which was recorded by ECM. This combo consisted of saxophonist Jan Garbarek, bassist Palle Danielsson, and drummer Jon Christensen. Albums recorded by this group include Belonging (1974), Personal Mountains (1979, live in Tokyo, released a decade later), My Song (1978), and Nude Ants (1979, live at the Village Vanguard in New York). This ensemble played music in a similar style to that of the American Quartet, but with many of the avant-garde and "Americana" elements replaced by the European folk influences that characterized ECM artists of the time. ECM (Edition of Contemporary Music) is a record label founded in Munich, Germany in 1969 by Manfred Eicher. ... Jan Garbarek (born March 4, 1947 in Mysen, Norway) is a Norwegian tenor and soprano saxophonist, active in the jazz, classical, and world music genres. ... Jon Lynn Christensen (b. ... The Village Vanguard is a famous jazz club, located at 178 Seventh Avenue (just below W 11th St. ...

Solo piano

Jarrett's first album for ECM, called Facing You (1971) was a solo piano date recorded in the studio. He has continued to record solo piano albums in the studio intermittently throughout his career, including Staircase (1976), The Moth and the Flame (1981), and The Melody At Night, With You (1999). Book of Ways (1986) is a studio recording of clavichord solos.

The studio albums are modestly successful entries in the Jarrett catalog, but in 1973, Jarrett also began playing totally improvised solo concerts, and it is the voluminous recordings of these concerts that have made him one of the best-selling jazz artists in history. Albums recorded at these concerts include: For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... Free improvisation or free music is improvised music without any rules beyond the taste or inclination of the musician(s) involved; in many cases the musicians make an active effort to avoiding overt references to recognizable musical genres. ...

• Solo Concerts (Bremen/Lausanne) (1973), originally released as a three-LP set
• The Köln Concert (1975), one of the best-selling jazz albums of all time
• Sun Bear Concerts (1976), five complete Japanese concert recordings, originally released as a ten-LP set
• Concerts (Bregenz/München) (1981), originally released as a three-LP set, only the Bregenz concert is included on the single CD release. The München concert (more than an hour and a half long) has not yet been reissued on CD, apart from a ten minute section on the :rarum collection which was compiled by Jarrett himself. According to the ECM website however, a reissue is in the works.
• Paris Concert (1988) featuring a 38 minute improvisation, a composition (The Wind) and a blues.
• Vienna Concert (1991), which Jarrett has stated is his finest solo concert recording
• La Scala (1995), which was the first ever non classical concert in Milan's La Scala opera house

Jarrett has commented that his best performances were during the times where he had the least amount of preconception of what he was going to play at the next moment. A possibly apocryphal account of one such performance had Jarrett staring at the piano for several minutes without playing; as the audience grew increasingly uncomfortable, one member shouted to Jarrett, "D sharp!", to which the pianist responded, "Thank you!," and launched into an improvisation at speed. This article is about the city in Germany. ... Lausanne (pronounced ) is a city in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, situated on the shores of Lake Geneva (French: Lac Léman), and facing Évian-les-Bains (France) and with the Jura mountains to its north. ... The Köln Concert is a recording released through ECM by the renowned jazz pianist Keith Jarrett, who performed solo improvisations at the Cologne Opera House at Köln/Cologne in 1975. ... The Paris Concert is a live solo piano album by seminal American pianist Keith Jarrett, and released by ECM Records. ...

Another of his solo concerts, Dark Intervals (1987, Tokyo), has less of a freeform improvisation feel to it due to the brevity of the pieces. Sounding more like a set of short compositions, these pieces are nonetheless entirely improvised. In addition to the shorter form, they lack the 'jazzy' feel associated with the above concerts.

In the late 1990s, Jarrett was diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and was confined to his home for long periods of time. It was during this period that he recorded The Melody at Night, With You, a solo piano record consisting of jazz standards presented with very little of the reinterpretation in which he usually engages. The album had originally been a Christmas Day gift to his wife. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is one of several names given to a poorly understood, highly debilitating disorder of uncertain cause, which is thought to affect approximately 4 per 1,000 adults[1] in the United States and other countries, and a smaller fraction of children. ...

By 2000, he had returned to touring, both solo and with the Standards Trio. Two 2002 solo concerts in Japan, Jarrett's first solo piano concerts following his illness, were released on the 2005 CD Radiance (a complete concert in Osaka, and excerpts from one in Tokyo), and the 2006 DVD Tokyo Solo (the entire Tokyo performance). In contrast with previous concerts (which were generally a pair of 30-40 minute continuous improvisations), the 2002 concerts consist of a linked series of shorter improvisations (some as short as a minute and a half, a few of fifteen or twenty minutes).

In September 2005 at Carnegie Hall Jarrett performed his first solo concert in North America in more than ten years, released a year later as a double CD set (The Carnegie Hall Concert). Carnegie Hall is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City located at 881 Seventh Avenue, occupying the east stretch of Seventh Avenue between West 56th Street and West 57th Street. ...

The Standards Trio

In 1983, Jarrett asked bassist Gary Peacock and drummer Jack DeJohnette, with whom he had worked on Peacock's 1977 album Tales of Another, to record an album of jazz standards, simply entitled Standards, Volume 1. Standards, Volume 2 and Changes, both recorded at the same session, followed soon after. The success of these albums and the group's ensuing tour, which came as traditional acoustic post-bop was enjoying an upswing in the early 1980s, led to this new "Standards Trio" becoming one of the premier working groups in jazz, and certainly one of the most enduring, continuing to record and perform live over more than twenty years. Gary Peacock (born 12 May 1935 in Burley, Idaho) is an American jazz double-bassist. ... Jack DeJohnette (b. ... Jazz standard refers to a tune that is widely known, performed, and recorded among jazz musicians. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

The trio has recorded numerous live and studio albums consisting primarily of jazz repertory material. They each list Ahmad Jamal as a major influence in their musical development for both his use of melodical and multi-tonal lines. They are: Ahmad Jamal in 1994 Ahmad Jamal (born Frederick Russell Jones on July 2, 1930)[1] is a highly-regarded American jazz pianist. ...

• Changes (January 1983; studio recording)
• Standards, Vol. 1 (January 1983; studio recording)
• Standards, Vol. 2 (January 1983; studio recording)
• Standards Live (July 1985; live recording)
• Still Live (July 1986; live recording)
• Changeless' (October 1987; live recording), a record of free improvisation
• Standards in Norway (October 1989; live recording)
• Tribute (October 1989; live recording), which consists of songs played in tribute to various jazz figures associated with them
• The Cure (April 1990; live recording)
• Bye Bye Blackbird (October 1991; studio recording), a tribute to the recently deceased Miles Davis
• At the Blue Note (June 1994; live recording), a six-disc boxed set that documents three nights (six sets) in the famous New York City nightclub
• Tokyo '96 (March 1996; live recording)
• Whisper Not — Live in Paris 1999 (July 1999; live recording)
• Inside Out (July 2000; live recording), a record of free improvisation
• Always Let Me Go (April 2001; live recording), a double album of free improvisation
• The Out-of-Towners (July 2001; live recording)
• Up for It - Live in Juan-les-Pins, July 2002 (July 2002; live recording)
• My Foolish Heart - Live at Montreux (July 2001; a double album of a live recording, Montreux Jazz Festival 2001)

The trio has also released videos of performances in Japan, which are available on DVD, including:

• Standards (February 1985; live recording)
• Standards II (October 1986; live recording)
• Live at Open Theater East (July 1993; live recording)
• Tokyo 1996 (March 1996; live recording), a video document of the same concert which was released on CD as Tokyo '96

The Jarrett/Peacock/DeJohnette trio has also produced recordings that consist largely of challenging original material, most notably 1987's Changeless. (These recordings are noted above.) Several of the standards albums contain an original track or two, some attributed to Jarrett but mostly group improvisations. The live recordings Inside Out and Always Let Me Go (both released in 2001) marked a renewed interest by the trio in wholly improvised free jazz. By this point in their history, the musical communication among these three men had become all but telepathic, and their group improvisations frequently take on a complexity that sounds almost composed. The Standards Trio undertakes frequent world tours of recital halls (the only venues in which Jarrett, a notorious stickler for acoustic sound, will play these days) and is one of the few truly lucrative jazz groups to play both "straight-ahead" (as opposed to smooth) and free jazz. This article or section cites very few or no references or sources. ... Smooth Jazz, also sometimes referred to as new adult contemporary music,[1] is generally described as a genre of music that utilizes instruments (and, at times, improvisation) traditionally associated with jazz and stylistic influences drawn from mostly R&B, but also funk and pop. ...

A related recording, At the Deer Head Inn (1992), is a live album of standards recorded with Paul Motian replacing DeJohnette, at the venue in Jarrett's hometown where he had his first employment as a jazz pianist. It was the first time Jarrett and Motian had played together since the demise of the American quartet sixteen years earlier, and also reunited the drummer and bassist who had backed Bill Evans on his album Trio 64 (1963). Stephen Paul Motian (born 25 March 1931 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and raised in Providence, Rhode Island), is a American jazz drummer, percussionist and composer of Armenian extraction. ... William John Evans (better known as Bill Evans) (August 16, 1929 – September 15, 1980) was an American jazz pianist and one of the most famous of the 20th century; he remains one of the major influences on post-1950s jazz piano. ...

Classical music

Since the early 1970s, Jarrett's success as a jazz musician has enabled him to maintain a parallel career as a classical composer and pianist, recording almost exclusively for ECM Records.

1973's In The Light album consists of short pieces for solo piano, strings, and various chamber ensembles, including a string quartet, a brass quintet, and a piece for cellos and trombones. This collection demonstrates a young composer's affinity for a variety of classical styles, with varying degrees of success.

Luminessence (1974) and Arbour Zena (1975) both combine composed pieces for strings with improvising jazz musicians, including Jan Garbarek and Charlie Haden. The strings here have a moody, contemplative feel that is characteristic of the "ECM sound" of the 1970s, and is also particularly well-suited to Garbarek's keening saxophone improvisations. From an academic standpoint, these compositions are dismissed by many classical music aficionados as lightweight, but Jarrett appeared to be working more towards a synthesis between composed and improvised music at this time, rather than the production of formal classical works. From this point on, however, his classical work would adhere to more conventional disciplines. Jan Garbarek (born March 4, 1947 in Mysen, Norway) is a Norwegian tenor and soprano saxophonist, active in the jazz, classical, and world music genres. ... Charles Edward Haden (born August 6, 1937) is a jazz double bassist, probably best known for his long association with saxophonist Ornette Coleman. ...

Ritual (1977) is a composed solo piano piece recorded by Dennis Russell Davies that is somewhat reminiscent of Jarrett's own solo piano recordings.

The Celestial Hawk (1980) is a piece for orchestra, percussion, and piano that Jarrett performed and recorded with the Syracuse Symphony under Christopher Keene. This piece is the largest and longest of Jarrett's efforts as a classical composer.

Bridge of Light (1993) is the last recording of classical compositions to appear under Jarrett's name. The album contains three pieces written for a soloist with orchestra, and one for violin and piano. The pieces date from 1984 and 1990.

In 1995 the record label Music Masters Jazz released a CD on which one track featured Jarrett performing the exquisite solo piano part in Lousadzak, a 17-minute piano concerto by American composer Alan Hovhaness. The conductor was Dennis Russell Davies. Most of Jarrett's classical recordings are of older repertoire, but Jarrett may have been introduced to this modern work by his one-time manager George Avakian, who was a friend of the composer. Alan Hovhaness with an Indonesian rebab Alan Hovhaness (March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American composer of Armenian and Scottish descent. ... George Avakian (born Armavir, Russia, March 15, 1919) is an Armenian-American record producer and executive known particularly for his work with Columbia Records, and his production of albums by Miles Davis and other notable jazz musicians. ...

In addition to his classical work as a composer, Jarrett has also performed and recorded classical music for ECM's New Series since the mid-1980s, including the following:

• Arvo Pärt, Fratres on Tabula Rasa with Gidon Kremer (1984)
• Johann Sebastian Bach, Das wohltemperierte Klavier, Book 1 (1987)
• Johann Sebastian Bach, Goldberg Variations (1989)
• Johann Sebastian Bach, Das wohltemperierte Klavier, Book 2 (1990)
• Georg Friedrich Händel, Six Sonatas for Recorder and Harpsichord (1990)
• Dmitri Shostakovich, 24 Preludes and Fugues (1991)
• Johann Sebastian Bach, 3 Sonaten für Viola da Gamba und Cembalo (1991)
• Johann Sebastian Bach, The French Suites (1991)
• Georg Friedrich Händel, Suites for Keyboard (1995)
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Piano Concertos, Masonic Funeral Music and Symphony in G Minor (1994)
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Piano Concertos and Adagio and Fugue (1996)

In 2004, Jarrett was awarded the Léonie Sonning Music Award. The prestigious award usually associated with classical musicians and composers has only previously been given to one other jazz musician — Miles Davis. The first person to receive the award was Igor Stravinsky in 1959. Arvo Pärt (born September 11, 1935 in Paide), (IPA: ˈɑr̺vÉ” ˈpær̺t) is an Estonian composer, often identified with the school of minimalism and more specifically, that of mystic minimalism or sacred minimalism. He is considered a pioneer of this style, along with contemporaries Henryk Górecki... Gidon Kremer (Latvian: ; born February 27, 1947) is a Latvian violinist and conductor. ... “Bach” redirects here. ... Title-page of Das wohtemperierte Klavier A flat major (As-dur) fugue from the second part of Das wohtemperierte Klavier (manuscript) The Well-Tempered Clavier (Das wohltemperierte Klavier in German -- Klavier means piano, but the English word clavier (which means keyboard) looks more like the German title) consists of two... The Goldberg Variations, BWV 988, original title Aria mit verschiedenen Veränderungen[1] published as Clavierübung, bestehend in einer Aria. ... George Frideric Handel (German Georg Friedrich Händel), (February 23, 1685 – April 14, 1759) was a German Baroque music composer who lived much of his life in England. ... Dmitri Shostakovich   (Russian: , Dmitrij Dmitrievič Å ostakovič) (September 25 [O.S. September 12] 1906–August 9, 1975) was a Russian composer of the Soviet period. ... The 24 Preludes and Fugues, Op. ... Adagio and Fugue in C minor is a piece by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart based upon the style of Johann Sebastian Bach. ... Igor Stravinsky. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Other works

Jarrett also plays harpsichord, clavichord, organ, soprano saxophone, drums and many other instruments. He often played saxophone and various forms of percussion in the American quartet, though his recordings since the breakup of that group have rarely featured other instruments. In the last twenty years, the majority of his recordings have been on the acoustic piano only. He has spoken with some regret of his decision to give up playing the saxophone, in particular. Some of Jarrett's other albums, many of which contain examples of his instrumental diversity are: Harpsichord in the Flemish style A harpsichord is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. ... Large five-octave unfretted clavichord by Paul Maurici, after J.A. Haas The clavichord is a European stringed keyboard instrument known from the late Medieval, through the Renaissance, Baroque and Classical eras. ... Organ in Katharinenkirche, Frankfurt am Main, Germany The organ is a keyboard instrument played using one or more manuals and a pedalboard. ... The soprano saxophone is a variety of the saxophone, a woodwind instrument. ... For other kinds of drums, see drum (disambiguation). ...

• Gary Burton & Keith Jarrett (1971), Burton receives top billing at this early date, but all of the compositions except one are Jarrett's. Jarrett plays some electric piano.
• Ruta & Daitya (1972), an album of duets with Jack DeJohnette, both fresh from Miles Davis' band and demonstrating his influence. In addition to acoustic piano, Jarrett plays electric piano and organ, the only time he would ever do so on an ECM recording.
• Hymns/Spheres (1976), improvisations recorded on a 18th century pipe organ of the Ottobeuren Abbey, a Benedictine abbey in Germany.
• Invocations/The Moth and the Flame (1981), partially recorded on the same organ as Hymns/Spheres and also featuring Jarrett improvising on saxophone in the extraordinarily resonant abbey.
• Spirits (1986), a collection of "back to basics" multitracked home recordings, performed mainly on a variety of wind instruments
• Spheres (1986), Shortened, one-disc re-release of Hymns/Spheres.

There are several compilations and collections covering various aspects of Jarrett's career: Gary Burton (born on 23 January 1943 in Anderson, Indiana) is a jazz vibraphone player, known for developing the then-innovative technique of playing the instrument with four mallets, rather than the usual two. ... Ottobeuren was formerly a Benedictine abbey, now a priory, located in Ottobeuren, near Memmingen in the Bavarian Allgäu, Germany. ... For the college, see Benedictine College. ...

• Foundations, a two-CD compilation of early work, from the Jazz Messengers and Charles Lloyd to the trio with Haden and Motian
• The Impulse Years, 1973-1974, the albums Fort Yawuh, Treasure Island, Death and the Flower and Backhand, with outtakes
• Mysteries: The Impulse Years, 1975-1976, the albums Shades, Mysteries, Byablue and Bop-Be, with outtakes
• Silence (1977), a CD reissue of the Byablue and Bop-Be albums, with three tracks omitted to fit on a single CD
• Works, an ECM compilation, covering the years 1972-1981.
• :rarum, a two-CD ECM compilation, chosen by Jarrett himself, and intended to highlight aspects of his ECM catalogue (Spirits, Book of Ways, the organ improvisations) which he felt had been neglected, as well as the more well-known work with the European quartet, the standards trio, and solo.

After leaving Miles Davis, Jarrett did not often work as a sideman, but he did appear on a few other musician's albums, including the following:

• Paul Motian: Conception Vessel (1972)
• Airto: Free (1972)
• Freddie Hubbard: Sky Dive (1972)
• Kenny Wheeler: Gnu High (1975)
• Charlie Haden: Closeness (1976)
• Scott Jarrett: Without Rhyme or Reason

On April 15, 1978, Jarrett was the musical guest on Saturday Night Live. This article is about the American television series. ...

Idiosyncrasies

One of Jarrett's trademarks is his frequent, highly audible vocalization (grunting, groaning, and tuneless singing), similar to that of Glenn Gould, Thelonious Monk, and Oscar Peterson. Some listeners find this to be extremely distracting. Jarrett is also physically active while playing, writhing, gyrating, and almost dancing on the piano bench. These behaviors occur in his jazz and improvised solo performances, but are for the most part absent whenever he plays classical repertory. Jarrett has noted his vocalizations are based on involvement, not content, and are more of an interaction than a reaction. Glenn Gould rehearsing in 1974. ... Thelonious Sphere Monk (October 10, 1917 – February 17, 1982) was a jazz pianist and composer. ... Oscar Emmanuel Peterson, CC, CQ, O.Ont. ...

Jarrett is notoriously intolerant of audience noise, including coughing and other involuntary sounds, especially during solo improvised performances. He feels that extraneous noise affects his musical inspiration. As a result, cough drops are routinely supplied to Jarrett's audiences in cold weather, and he has even been known to stop playing and lead the crowd in a "group cough." This intolerance was made clear during a concert on October 31, 2006, at the restored Salle Pleyel in Paris. After making an impassioned plea to the audience to stop coughing, Jarrett walked out of the concert during the first half, refusing to return. A further solo concert three days later went undisturbed. In 2007, at concert in Perugia, angered by photographers, Jarrett insulted the audience, which caused the organizers of Umbria Jazz Festival to declare that they will never invite him again ^[1] Ignaz Pleyel (June 18, 1757–November 14, 1831) was an Austrian composer of the Classical music era. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... Location of Perugia in Italy Coordinates: , Country Region Province Province of Perugia Government  - Mayor Renato Locchi Area  - City 449 km²  (1,165 sq mi) Elevation 493 m (1,617 ft) Population (July 2006)[1]  - City 161,390  - Density 359/km² (929. ... Live concert in IV Novembre Square The Umbria Jazz Festival is one of the most important venues for Jazz in Europe and has been held annually since 1973, usually in July, in the city of Perugia, Italy. ...

He is also extremely protective over the quality of recordings of his concerts. In 1992, a trio concert at the Royal Festival Hall in London was temporarily stopped as Jarrett thought he had identified someone in the audience with a recording device. It turned out to be a light on the mixing desk and the concert resumed after an apology. The Royal Festival Hall reopening celebrations The Royal Festival Hall is a concert, dance and talks venue within Southbank Centre in London, England. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

Jarrett has been known for many years to be strongly opposed to electronic instruments and equipment. His liner notes for the 1973 album Solo Concerts: Bremen / Lausanne state: I am, and have been, carrying on an anti-electric-music crusade of which this is an exhibit for the prosecution. Electricity goes through all of us and is not to be relegated to wires. He has largely eschewed electric or electronic instruments since his time with Miles Davis.

Jarrett's public speeches and writings have been perceived as negative or obnoxious by some. He has been known to write back disdainful letters to critics who have negatively reviewed his music. This attitude and his vocalizations while playing are the reasons most commonly cited by his detractors for disliking him and dismissing his music.

Jarrett, for many years, has been a follower of the teachings of metaphysicist and mystic G. I. Gurdjieff. In 1980 he recorded for ECM an album of his compositions Sacred Hymns of G. I. Gurdjieff. Georges Ivanovich Gurdjieff (Георгий Иванович Гюрджиев, Georgiy Ivanovich Gyurdzhiev (or Gurdjiev); (January 13, 1866? – October 29, 1949), was a Greek-Armenian mystic, a teacher of sacred dances, and a spiritual teacher, most notable for introducing the Fourth Way. ...

Notes

1. ^ Umbria Jazz Festval statement [1]

Bibliography

• Carr, Ian. Keith Jarrett: The Man and His Music. 1992 ISBN 0586092196
• Ian Carr, Digby Fairweather, Brian Priestley. 'The Rough Guide To Jazz'. 2003 ISBN 1-84353-256-5

Listening

• Art of the States: Keith Jarrett performing Lousadzak, op. 48 (1944) by Alan Hovhaness

Alan Hovhaness with an Indonesian rebab Alan Hovhaness (March 8, 1911 – June 21, 2000) was an American composer of Armenian and Scottish descent. ...

External links

• Keith Jarrett at Yahoo!Groups.
• Keith Jarrett fansite.
• Keith Jarrett on ECM Records.
• Keith Jarrett by Otacílio Melgaço
• Keith Jarrett: a short biography (fan site).
• Keith Jarrett on Marian McPartland's Piano Jazz (NPR).
• Recent Interview
• AllAboutJazz review of Spheres
• A detailed review of Spheres
• The Keith Jarrett Discography