Ken Rosewall and Lew Hoad in a 1952 Davis Cup doubles match

Ken Robert Rosewall (born November 2, 1934 in Sydney, Australia) is a former champion tennis player with a renowned backhand who enjoyed an exceptionally long career at the highest levels, from the early 1950s to the early 1970s. He was the World No. 1 player for 4 consecutive years in the early 1960s and was the runner-up for probably another 6 years. During his career he was ranked among the top 20 players, amateur or professional, every year from 1952 to 1977. Image File history File links Rosewall_and_Hoad_Davis_Cup_1952. ... Image File history File links Rosewall_and_Hoad_Davis_Cup_1952. ... Lewis Alan Hoad, born November 23, 1934 in Glebe, New South Wales, Australia - died July 3, 1994 in Fuengirola, Spain, was a champion tennis player. ... The great Australians Lew Hoad and Ken Rosewall with the Cup in 1953 The Davis Cup is the premier international team event in mens tennis. ... November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ... A tennis net Tennis is a game played between either two players (Singles) or two teams of two players (Doubles). Players use a stringed racquet to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over a net into the opponents court. ... Justine Henin-Hardenne has one of the best one-handed backhands in todays tennis The backhand in tennis is a stoke hit by swinging the racquet away from ones body in the direction of where the player wants the ball to go. ... See also: List of ATP number 1 ranked players for somewhat different rankings for 1973 through 2006 World No. ...

Rosewall was born into a family that played tennis and owned tennis courts. A natural left-hander, he was taught by his father to play right-handed. Perhaps as a result of this unorthodox training (or in spite of it), he developed a powerful and very effective backhand but never had anything more than an accurate but relatively soft serve. He was 5 ft 7 in (1.70 m) and 135 pounds, and was called "Muscles" by his fellow-players because of his lack of them. He was, however, fast, agile, and tireless, with a deadly volley. His sliced backhand was his strongest shot, and, along with the very different backhand of the earlier player Don Budge, has generally been considered one of the two best backhands of all time. John Donald Budge (June 13, 1915 - January 26, 2000) was a champion tennis player who became famous as the first man to win in a single year the four tournaments that the Grand Slam of tennis comprises. ...

The amateur career

In October 1950, at 15 years 11 months old, Rosewall reached the semifinals of the New South Wales Metropolitan Championships (not to confuse with the New South Wales Championships) beaten by McGregor.

In January 1951 he won he first tournament in Manly.

In 1952 he entered for the first time probably the top20 in a amateur-pro combined ranking (Lance Tingay ranked him tenth with his doubles partner Lew Hoad in his amateur ranking) mainly because he reached the quarterfinals of the U.S. amateur beating U.S. seeded #1, Vic Seixas. Lewis Alan Hoad, born November 23, 1934 in Glebe, New South Wales, Australia - died July 3, 1994 in Fuengirola, Spain, was a champion tennis player. ... Vic Seixas (August 30, 1923) was an American male tennis player who was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ...

He was only 18 years old when he won the Australian Championships, the French Championships and the Pacific Southwest Championships men's singles titles in 1953. He also reached the quarters at Wimbledon and the semis in the U.S. defeated by Tony Trabert. At the end of the year Rosewall was then considered the second best amateur in the world (Lance Tingay) because the American confirmed his victory over Muscles in the Challenge Round of the Davis Cup. The Australian Open is the first of the worlds four Grand Slam tennis tournaments, held each January at Melbourne Park. ... The French Open, officially the Tournoi de Roland-Garros (English: Roland Garros Tournament), is a tennis event held from the middle of May to the beginning of June in Paris, France, and is the second of the worlds Grand Slam tournaments. ... Marion Anthony Trabert (born August 16, 1930 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is a former star tennis player and longtime tennis author, TV commentator, instructor, and motivation speaker. ...

In 1954 Muscles regressed a little because he "only" reached the Wimbledon final.

By winning a second time the Australian amateur Championships he prevented Trabert from winning the Grand Slam in 1955. The American took his revenge in the U.S. amateur at Forest Hills.

Next year, partnered with Lew Hoad, he won the doubles Grand Slam in tennis, taking all four major championships. For several years in their youthful careers Rosewall and Hoad were known as "The Gold-dust Twins." In September 1956 he deprived Hoad of winning the Grand Slam by overcoming his countryman in the United States amateur Championships at Forest Hills. If Hoad was undoubtedly the best amateur in 1956 (Little Slam and capture with Australia of the Davis Cup), Rosewall was the best one in the last months of the year by defeating Hoad three times in a row (Forest Hills, Adelaide, Melbourne). A Grand Slam is a term in tennis used to denote winning all four of the following championship titles in the same year: Australian Open French Open Wimbledon U.S. Open These tournaments are therefore also known as the Grand Slam tournaments, and rank as the most important tennis tournaments...

In his amateur days Rosewall has won, with Australia, three Challenge Rounds of Davis Cup (1953, 1955, 1956) and 15 singles out of 17 (he later won 2 singles in the Open era). Muscles has also captured one U.S. amateur Championships (1956), one Roland Garros amateur (1953), two Australian amateur (1953, 1955) and one Pacific Southwest (1953). Moreover he reached 4 great finals (two at Wimbledon, one at Forest Hills and another one in the Australian).

Banished from the great traditional events : the pro career from 1957 to March 30, 1968

Promoter and former tennis great Jack Kramer has tried to sign the "Whiz Kids" (Hoad and Rosewall) in late 1955 without success but one year later Rosewall accepted Kramer's offer. Muscles, during the Challenge Round of the Davis Cup, tried to convince his partner Hoad to do the same but this one turned down the proposition. Jack Kramer as an amateur in 1947 John Albert Kramer (b. ...

Then Rosewall played his first professional match on January 14, 1957 at Kooyong (Melbourne) against the reigning king of professional tennis, Pancho Gonzales. But as Rosewall explained it later there was a huge gap between the amateurs level and the pros level : in their series of head-to-head matches in Australia and in the US (until May) Rosewall was clearly beaten by Gonzales, 50 matches to 26. During this period Ken also entered two tournaments, the Australian Pro at Sydney in February and the U.S. Pro at Cleveland in April : he was respectively crushed in straight-sets by Sedgman (second best pro in 1956) and by Segura (third best pro in 1956). This confirmed the difference of level between the best professionals and the best amateurs at the time. After World War II among the best amateurs, players such as Dinny Pails, Frank Parker, Ken McGregor, Ashley Cooper, Mal Anderson, Mervyn Rose, Alex Olmedo, Barry MacKay, Earl "Butch" Buchholz or Fred Stolle failed in the pro ranks. But nevertheless other talented and hard working players succeeded after a few months or a year, to win some great pro events : Kramer, Pancho Segura, Gonzales, Frank Sedgman, Trabert, Hoad, Andres Gimeno, Rod Laver. Rosewall was also in this case and in September 1957 he caught the Wembley crown over Segura in a tournament where only Sedgman among the best was missing. At the end of the year Rosewall won an Australian tour featuring Hoad, Sedgman and Segura. Ricardo Alonso González (May 9, 1928 – July 3, 1995), who was generally known as Pancho Gonzales, was the World No. ... Dinny Pails (born March 4, 1921) won the mens singles championship at the Australian Open tennis tournament in 1947. ... Frank Andrew Parker (born on January 31, 1916 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA – July 24, 1997) was an American male tennis player. ... Ken McGregor is an Australian tennis player who won the Mens Singles Champions of the Australian Open in 1952. ... Ashley John Cooper (born 15 September 1936 in Melbourne) is a former tennis player from Australia who was World No. ... The Three Major Professional Tournaments Professional tennis players in the years before the Open era began in 1968 played mostly on tours in head-to-head competition. ... Mervyn Rose (born January 23, 1930) was an Australian male tennis player. ... Alex Olmedo Legally Luis Alejandro Rodriguez Olmedo was ranked number 1 in the world in 1959 as a tennis player of the 1950s and 60s. ... Earl Butch Buchholz, Jr. ... Frederick Fred Sydney Stolle (October 8, 1938) is an Australian male tennis player. ... Pancho Segura hitting his famous two-handed forehand Pancho Segura, born Francisco Olegario Segura (June 20, 1921) was a leading tennis player of the 1940s and 1950s, both as an amateur and as a professional. ... Frank Allan Sedgman, born October 29, 1927, in Mt. ... Andrés Gimeno (born August 3, 1937) is a retired Spanish tennis player. ... Rodney George Rod Laver (born August 9, 1938, in Rockhampton, Australia) is a former tennis player from Australia who was the World No. ...

In 1958 Rosewall had the opportunity to show that he was yet one of the best if not the best player on clay. The previous year no French Pro (also entitled World Pro Championships on Clay when organized at Roland Garros) had been held but in 1958 the French Pro came back and Muscles beat successively Kramer, Sedgman and an injured Hoad to claim the title. Rosewall was also second at Forest Hills Pro and second (with Gonzales and Sedgman) in Los Angeles (the two last tournaments being the more important of the year).

In 1959 for the first time since he turned pro he led Gonzales, still the pro king, in head-to-head matches, 3-2 (even 5-2 according to The Times (New York) and the Sunday Times (of England) wrote Peter Rowley in Ken Rosewall Twenty Years at the Top p 182). Besides that Rosewall won the two 1959 editions of the Queensland pro (in January and in December).

Next year Rosewall was incorporated in a new World Pro tour, from January to May, featuring Gonzales, Segura and the new recruit Alejandro "Alex" Olmedo. This tour was perhaps the peak of Gonzales's entire career. The finals standings were : 1) Gonzales 49 matches won - only 8 lost, 2) Rosewall 32-25, 3) Segura 22-28, 4) Olmedo 11-44. Rosewall was therefore far behind Gonzales in this tour, the American havin won almost all their direct confrontations. Halfway through the North American part of the tour the standings were Gonzales 23-1 (his only match lost 6-4 4-6 13-11 to Olmedo in Philadelphia) and Rosewall 11-13.

Just after Gonzales played and won a minor tournament on May 16, 1960 and decided to retire (as often it was temporary because rapidly needing money Gonzales was back on December 30, 1960). In the absence of Gonzales Rosewall became clearly the leader, winning 6 tournaments in particular the three greatest tournaments of the year, chronologically the Masters tournament in Los Angeles, the French Pro at Roland Garros and Wembley (Hoad was finalist in Los Angeles and in Paris and captured also four tournaments making him second to Rosewall). In "2006 standards" Gonzales would not have been ranked number one because he has only played 4 and a half months in 1960 (one tour and one tournament) : he wouldn't have accumulated enough "Race points" to be the first but in 50's or 60's standards he was, for almost everyone (McCauley in particular) the number one (at the time Hoad considered Gonzales the best and Rosewall didn't consider himself as the pro king). Nevertheless Rosewall was at least the second best player in the world in 1960.

After ten years of World touring, Rosewall decided to take long holidays in order to profit from his family : he didn't enter any competition in the first half of 1961 (but he trained his long-time friend Hoad when the pros toured in Australia) where Gonzales back to the courts (after a seven and a half-month retirement) won another World tour featuring Hoad, Olmedo (replacing Rosewall), Gimeno and the two new recruits MacKay and Buchholz (Segura, Trabert, Cooper and Sedgman sometimes replaced the injured players). In summer Rosewall returned to the circuit and won the two biggest events by far (because there were all the best players and these events had a small tradition : the French Pro at Roland Garros (clay) and Wembley Pro (wood)) in 1961. At Roland Garros the Australian captured the title by beating Gonzales in the final 2-6 6-4 6-3 8-6 and at Wembley he defeated in the final Hoad, Gonzales's winner in the semifinals.

Robert Roy of L'Équipe, Kléber Haedens and Philippe Chatrier of Tennis de France, Michel Sutter (who has published "Vainqueurs 1946-1991 Winners"), Christian Boussus (1931 Roland Garros amateur finalist), Peter Rowley, Robert Geist, Tony Trabert, John Newcombe, Rod Laver and also the New York Times and World Tennis magazine considered Rosewall as the new #1 in the world.

Then Rosewall has completely dominated the pro circuit : not only he has retained his Wembley and Roland Garros crowns still the two biggest events by far in 1962 but he has also won 5 (Adelaide, Melbourne, Geneva, Milan and Stockholm) of the next 6 biggest tournaments (in 1962 there have been only small tours not very important). He has thus captured 7 of the 8 biggest events that year, the only one he lost was Zurich where he was defeated in the semifinals by Segura who in his turn left the title to Hoad (Rosewall also won 2 small tournaments in New Zealand).

McCauley has traced 6 Rosewall's defeats in the whole year but Trabert (in Tennis de France) wrote that in an Australian TV series in February Rosewall has won 10 matches consecutively but has lost the last one (to Hoad) so Rosewall has lost at least 7 matches in 1962 (it is yet very little).

Since Hoad has turned pro in July 1957 no very great player, except perhaps Gimeno, became professional : the best pro ranking ever reached by the best amateurs (Ashley Cooper, Mal Anderson, Rose, Olmedo, Buchholz, MacKay, Ayala) who joined the pro ranks after Hoad, was the fifth place of Buchholz in 1963 (according to Sedgman in January 1964) and in 1964 (see official points rankings below). In January 1963 a great amateur player, Rod Laver (winner with Australia of the Davis Cup and titlist of 21 amateur tournaments including the four Grand Slam tournaments), made his pro debut.

Once more the best pros proved they were the best ones. In an Australasian tour (Australia + New Zealand) played on grass Rosewall defeated Laver 11 matches to 2 (and Hoad crushed Laver 8-0). Followed a US tour with Rosewall and Laver again, Gimeno, Ayala and two Americans Buchholz and MacKay (Hoad was not chosen because there would have been to many Australians). In the first phase (lasting two months and a half) of this tour each player faced each other one about eight times, Rosewall ended first (31 matches won - 10 lost), Laver second (26-16), Buchholz third (23-18), Gimeno fourth (21-20), MacKay fifth (12-29) and Ayala sixth (11-30). In the first month (the detailed results of the month and a half left are unknown) Rosewall faced Laver 4 times without any defeat. Then a second and final phase of the tour opposed the first (Rosewall) and the second (Laver) of the first phase to determine the final winner (the third (Buchholz) met the fourth (Gimeno)). In 18 matches Rosewall beat Laver 14 times to definitely conquer the US tour first place (Gimeno beat Buchholz 11-7). Then came in mid-May the season of the tournaments. In those occasions Rosewall only beat Laver 4-3 but Rosewall won 5 tournaments (against 4 to Laver) and in particular the 3 or 4 greatest tournaments of the year 1963 : chronologically the U.S. Pro at Forest Hills (without Gimeno and Sedgman) on grass where he defeated Laver 6-4 6-2 6-2, the French Pro at Coubertin on wood where his victim in the final was again Laver who later praised his winner (in his autobiography "The education of a tennis player" page 151 Laver wrote "...I played the finest tennis I believe I've ever produced, and he beat me"), The Wembley Pro on wood (Hoad finalist) and the Italian Pro at Rome on clay (Laver beaten 6-4 6-3 in the final). In those biggest tournaments Rosewall has won 4 times whereas Laver has reached 3 finals and 1 quarters (Wembley), "Rocket" (Laver’s nickname) becoming thus the second player in the world. If we except 4 (or 5) unknown results in confrontations which took place in the first phase of the US tour phase, in 1963 Rosewall has then beaten Laver 33 matches to 9. Knownig that Rosewall had also won the greatest events this clearly indicates that not only Rosewall was the number one in 1963 but also that the best pros were almost surely the best players in the world during the previous years.

In 1964 Rosewall has won two very big tournaments : the French Pro over Laver on wood (at Coubertin) and the Masters Round Robin in Los Angeles over Frank Sedgman. At the end of the South African tour, Rosewall also beat Laver 6-4 6-1 6-4 in a Challenge Match considered by some as a World Championship match, held in Ellis Park, Johannesburg. In the official pro points rankings (7 points for the winner, 4 points for the finalist, 3 points for the third player, 2 for the fourth one and 1 point to each quarter-finalists) taking into account 17 pro tournaments, Rosewall ended #1 in 1964 with 78 points, the next players were Laver #2 (70 points), Gonzales #3 (48 points), Gimeno #4 (47 points), 5) Buchholz #5 (31 points), Hoad #6 (29 points), Olmedo #7 (26 points) and Ayala #8 (7 points) (nevertheless that ranking brushed aside at least 12 tournaments because McCauley has traced at least 29 pro tournaments played by the touring pros (plus some minor tournaments) and several short tours).

The majority of tennis witnesses (Joe McCauley, Robert Geist, Michel Sutter... among the journalists and the players themselves) agreed this points rankings for they considered Rosewall the number one in 1964. Rod Laver himself after his triumph over Rosewall at Wembley said "I’ve still plenty of ambitions left and would like to be the World’s No.1. Despite this win, I am not that yet – Ken is. I may have beaten him more often than he has beaten me this year but he has won the biggest tournaments except here. I’ve lost to other people but Ken hasn’t.".

Nevertheless Laver has made a great season and could too claim the top rank. "Rocket" was equal to Rosewall in several aspects : he too captured two great tournaments, a) the U.S. Pro (outside Boston) over Rosewall (suffering from food poisoning) and Gonzales and b) Wembley pro over Rosewall in one of their best match ever (Gonzales has won the fifth greatest tournament of that year, the U.S. Pro Indoors, at White Plains, defeating in succession Anderson, Laver, Hoad and Rosewall). He was equal to his elder in big direct confrontations, 2 all (Coubertin and Johannesburg for Rosewall, US Pro and Wembley for Laver).

Rosewall has the edge over Laver if we consider their clashes against their greatest rival, Gonzales : that year Rosewall has beaten Gonzales 11 times out of 14 while Laver was beaten by Gonzales 7 times out of 12. But Laver won one more tournament (including small 4-man events) than Rosewall (11 to 10) and above all Rocket was clearly superior to Rosewall in minor direct confrontations, defeating Rosewall ten times out of eleven making thus a 1964 Laver-Rosewall win-loss record of 12-3. So the pros leadership began to change.

Next year until mid-September Rosewall and Laver were quite equal, the latter winning more tournaments including the US Pro Indoors and the Masters Pro at Los Angeles but Muscles stroke two great blows during the summer 1965 by winning very easily the U.S. Pro on the Longwood C.C (outside Boston) grass courts crushing Gonzales, 6-3 6-2 6-4, and Laver, 6-4 6-3 6-3, in the last rounds and again Laver, 6-3 6-2 6-4, in the French Pro on the fast wooden courts at Coubertin. But from Wembley to the end of the year, Laver became irresistible and Kenny had to recognize Laver's supremacy.

1966 was the year of the greatest rivalry between the two Australians who dominated all the other players. They shared all the titles and the finals of the six greatest tournaments. Rosewall won the Madison Square Garden, the San Rafael and the French Pro tournaments over Laver, the latter capturing Forest Hills Pro, the U.S. Pro (outside Boston) and Wembley Pro with Rosewall finalist each time. Of the main tournaments contested by the troupe, Laver won 9, Rosewall 8 and Gimeno 3. If we include lesser tournaments Laver won 15, Rosewall 9 and Gimeno 6. In head-to-head matches between Rosewall and Laver, Muscles won 6 out of 13. Rosewall was then the clear undisputed vice-king of the courts.

Rosewall's decline began in 1967 when many players defeated several times Sydney's Little Master. Not only Laver reached the apogee of his career, almost invincible on fast courts and then the undisputed pros' king, but Gimeno threatened Rosewall's second place. The 20 main tournaments of the year where shared by a) Laver, ten titles including the 4 biggest ones, all played on fast courts (U.S. Pro outside Boston, French Pro, Wembley Pro, Wimbledon Pro, Madison Square Garden, World Pro in Oklahoma, Boston Pro (not to confuse with the U.S. Pro), Newport R.R., Johannesburg Ellis Park, Coubertin Pro in April (not to confuse with the French Pro at Coubertin in October)), b) Rosewall, six titles (Los Angeles, Berkeley, U.S. Pro Hardcourt in St Louis, Newport Beach, Durban and Cape Town), c) Gimeno, three titles (Cincinnati, East London, Port Elizabeth) and d) Stolle, one tournament (Transvaal Pro). Including lesser tournaments Laver's supremacy was even more obvious : 1) Laver 18 tournaments plus two small tours, 2) Rosewall 7 tournaments, 3) Stolle 4 tournaments and 4) Gimeno 3 tournaments. In head-to-head matches Rosewall trailed Laver 5-8 and was equal to Gimeno 7-7 (Gimeno-Laver : 4-12).

Before 1967 Gimeno was always led by Rosewall in direct confrontations but that year they split their matches (Rosewall defeated Gimeno in Los Angeles, Madison Square Garden, St Louis, Newport, Johannesburg (challenge match), Durban and Wembley whereas Gimeno won in Cincinatti, U.S. Pro, East London, Port Elizabeth, Johannesburg (tournament), Marseille, French Pro) Having won much more tournaments than Gimeno, Rosewall deserved nevertheless the second place behind Laver, the latter being for the first year the #1 by far after the 1964-1966 close rivalry between the two Australians.

Forbidden to contest the greatest traditional events during nearly 11 years and 4 months (11 Davis Cup, 11 Wimbledon amateur, 11 U.S. amateur, 11 French amateur, 12 Australian amateur) from 1957 to April 20, 1968, Rosewall has reached his best level during this period (in particular from 1960 to 1966) by winning at least 61 tournaments (including 16 less-than-eight-man events) and 7 small tours.

The "Open-Closed" career : March 30, 1968 - July 1972

There were different sort of players in 1968 :

- the supposed amateur players, dependant of their national and international federations, allowed to play the amateur events and also the open events but couldn't receive official prize money,

- the registered players, also dependant of their national and international federations so eligible to play the Davis Cup and forbidden to play pro events as an amateur, but authorized to take prize money in the open events contrary to an amateur (what an oddly situation, example : Okker)

- the professionals under contract with NTL who had to play NTL tournaments

- the professionals under contract with WCT who had to play WCT tournaments (at the beginning of the open era Dave Dixon, WCT boss, didn't allow his players to enter tournaments where NTL players were present : there was no WCT player at the two first open tournaments, Bournemouth and Roland Garros 1968, while all the NTL players were present). The first tournament where NTL and WCT players competed against each others, was the U.S. Pro, held at Longwood outside Boston in June 1968 between Roland Garros Open and Wimbledon Open

- the freelance professionals (Hoad, Ayala, Owen Davidson, Mal Anderson, ...).

In 1968 there were a) an amateur circuit including the Davis Cup (that event will be "closed" to any "contract" professional until 1972 included) and the Australian Championships, b) two pro circuits : the "World Championship of Tennis (WCT)" circuit and the "National Tennis League (NTL)", c) an open circuit (with a little more than 10 tournaments).

Many events were then still reserved to the amateur players between 1968 to 1972.

Two tournaments were at the top that year : Wimbledon (a 128-man field) and the US Open (a 100-man field), played on grass, where all the best competed. The third position can probably be claimed by the first Pacific Southwest Open in Los Angeles (64-man field, played on hardcourt) with all the best players. And behind these three open tournaments the Queen's Club tournament (the Graebner-Okker final cancelled due to rain) had the best field then possibly the first Roland Garros Open (without any of the 8 WCT players but with all the NTL players (Laver, Rosewall, Gimeno, Gonzales, Emerson and Stolle) and many of the greatest claycourt amateur players if we except Santana and the registered player Okker) and the four pro tournaments where all the pros could compete (but without any leading amateur or registered player).

In this context Rosewall played in 1968 almost all the NTL pro tournaments, the four "NTL-WCT" tournaments and some open tournaments. He then entered his first "open" tournament at 33 years 5 months and 19 days, not very young to say the least, at Bournemouth on clay ("open" because among the pros only the NTL players entered and the amateurs were mainly British) : he successively defeated Gimeno and Laver. In the second open tournament, Roland Garros (then the first Grand Slam Open tournament) Rosewall confirmed his status of the probably best claycourt player in the world (in fact since 1960 but 1966). Then he knew some bad defeats by some of the uprising 1967 amateur players (Roche twice on grass at the US Pro and at Wimbledon open, Newcombe on clay at the French Pro and Okker still on grass at the U.S. Open) but his end of the year was better : he reached the semifinals of the U.S. Open, he was finalist to Laver of the Pacific Southwest Open, defeating in their single 1968 meeting the new US Open winner, Arthur Ashe, 6-3 6-2 and in November he captured the Wembley pro tournament over WCT player, John Newcombe. At 34 Rosewall was still ranked #3 in the world behind Laver and Ashe by Lance Tingay and Bud Collins.

His decline having begun in 1967, 1969 confirmed it : Rosewall wasn't then anymore the best claycourt player because Laver stole him the crown in the final of Roland Garros and moreover the Little Master just won two tournaments that year and was ranked #5 by Collins and Tingay.

Having won, at 35, almost all the great events but Wimbledon, this tournament became Rosewall's priority in the 70's. The obvious reason this tournament eluded him was that Kenny was forbidden to enter the tournament for ten editions (1957-1966, in 1967, a pro tournament was held, Laver beating Rosewall in the final (in fact Laver and Rosewall are then respectively five times winner and five times finalist of the tournament and not four times as always told) when he was at his best and particularly from 1961 to 1965 (except 1964) when he was probably the best grasscourt player.

Knowing that he could reached the last rounds of the French tournament and then being too tired to correctly play at Wimbledon as he made the experience in 1968 and 1969 (he lost as early as the 4th and 3rd round those years at Wimbledon), Rosewall then decided not to play anymore Roland Garros in the 70's in order to be in good condition for Wimbledon.

Being a NTL player at the beginning of 1970 he didn't play the Australian Open held at the White City courts at Sydney in January (if the NTL players were absent, the WCT players were there) because McCall, the NTL boss, and his players thought (it is true) that prize money was very low for a Grand Slam tournament. But two months later, in March, a tournament, sponsored by Dunlop, was organized at the same site, with a much more dense field because of a) a better prize-money and b) a better date : there was about the same best players as in the Grand Slam tournament and in addition this time not only the NTL pros came but even some independent pros who usually never made the trip Down Under as Nastase (this one never played an Australian tournament and particularly the Grand Slam tournament before the 1981 Australian Open when he was largely past his prime, at 35 years old, if we except ... the March 1970 Dunlop tournament at Sydney). Many considered this tournament as the unofficial Australian Open with Laver dominating Rosewall in five sets. After the weak Roland Garros without any WCT (this organization having absorbed the NTL then had about 24 players under contract) player and particularly Rosewall who in any case wouldn't have entered the tournament for the reason explained above, all the best met at Wimbledon. This time a rested Rosewall reached the final (after his two previous years disappointments) and extended the young Newcombe, his 9 and a half-year-old junior, to 5 sets but without success. 2 months later in the U.S. Open (one of the two 1970 Grand Slam tournaments with all the best players) Rosewall took a bitter revenge in their semifinal clash in three straight sets before overcoming Tony Roche in the final.

To fight against the WCT and NTL promoters who controlled their own players not allowed to compete where they wanted (now a Federer or a Davydenko can enter any tournament he wishes whereas a Stolle or a Newcombe couldn't choose their tournaments in those years), Kramer invented, probably in December 1969, the Grand Prix circuit open to every player. The first Grand Prix circuit was born in 1970 including xx tournaments from Bournemouth, xxxx, to Stockholm, xxx . These tournaments gave points according their categories and the players's performances and the top six players in ranking points were invited in a big 6-man tournament called the Masters (at Tokyo) held for the first time. All the amateurs and all the independent pros fully invested themselves in this circuit while the contract pros played firstly their circuit and eventually played in some Grand Prix tournaments (for instance Roy Emerson ended third in the prize money rankings because he concentrated (and had to)mainly on the NTL-WCT circuit whereas he was ranked only 20th in the Grand Prix circuit. But Rosewall or Laver succeeded well in the two circuits. The final Grand Prix ranking was 1) Cliff Richey (independent pro), 2) Arthur Ashe (independent pro), 3) Ken Rosewall (contract pro). Thus qualified for the Masters Rosewall was again third behind 1) Stan Smith, the winner (a U.S. Army employee who had to serve his "boss" just after the Masters in December 1970 until April next year, then missing all the tournaments including the Australian Open in March 1971) and 2) his 1970 nemesis, Laver.

Nevertheless after his 1967-1969 steady decline, 1970 saw a rejuvenated Rosewall who was just one set short of winning the two greatest competitions by far.

1970 was a year where no player really dominated the circuit and different arguments can be given to designate the World Champion

Some, among them Newcombe himself and the panel of journalists which made the WCT draw for 1971, considered Laver as the best player in 1970 because he had won much more tournaments (13), much more money and had a very positive head-to-head record against the best players (he led Rosewall 5-0 (Dunlop Open at Sydney, St. Louis WCT, New York (Tennis Champions Classic), Louisville and the Masters at Tokyo) and Newcombe 3-0 (Queen's Club, Louisville, Los Angeles) but Rocket miserably failed at Wimbledon and Forest Hills, the two big tournaments of that year, losing each time in the round of 16.

Other tennis witnesses, as Joe McCauley or Lance Tingay, ranked Newcombe first because he has won the greatest tournament, Wimbledon (Rosewall #2 in both rankings, Laver respectively #3 and #4, Roche respectively #4 and #3).

But if we consider that Wimbledon and Forest Hills were the two big events of 1970 there remains Newcombe (Wimbledon's winner) and Rosewall (Forest Hills's winner) to chose the number one player in the world. If we except the fifth set lost by Rosewall against Newcombe at Wimbledon, many statistics favour Rosewall :

- in their two Grand Slam tournaments clashes each one has won one match but Newcombe has won the greater title (advantage Newcombe) and Rosewall has won more sets (5-3) (advantage Rosewall)

- Rosewall ended third in the Grand Prix circuit and Newcombe ended seventh and then didn't even qualify for the Masters where only the 6 first were admitted. Rosewall also finished third of the Masters (advantage Rosewall)

- In the other tournaments with the best fields (US Pro indoor at Philadelphia or US Pro outside Boston or Dunlop Open at Sydney) the best performer was Rosewall, the only one to reach a final (Sydney) (advantage Rosewall)

- In the Pro circuit including the First Annual Tennis Champions Classic and the WCT circuit, Rosewall has a better record than Newcombe. In Tennis Champions Classic, a succession of challenge matches, Newcombe played and lost just one match against the old Gonzales (6-4 6-4 6-2) while Rosewall won 3 matches and lost 2. In the WCT circuit Rosewall won 2 tournaments and Newcombe only one (advantage Rosewall)

- In all the circuits Rosewall has won 6 tournaments out of 20 and Newcombe only 4 out of 24 (advantage Rosewall).

- In head-to-head matches Rosewall has beaten Newcombe 4 times out of 5 (Rosewall's only defeat was at Wimbledon) (advantage Rosewall).

- Finally Rosewall earned $140,455 while Newcombe $78,251.

Judith Elian of the French sports paper L'Équipe, approved this statistics by ranking Rosewall as the number one player (ahead of Newcombe) and the panel of experts for the 'Martini and Rosso' Cup, also had Rosewall at Nr.1 narrowly over ... Laver.

Finally, again another opinion was emitted : the three Australians ranked co-number ones as Robert Geist wrote in his book DER GRÖSSTE MEISTER Die denkwürdige Karriere des australischen Tennisspielers Kenneth Robert Rosewall.

After his finals at Sydney and at Wimbledon and his victory at the U.S. Open in 1970 Rosewall continued in 1971 his good performances in the great grasscourt tournaments. One year after the first Dunlop Open held in Sydney, Rosewall was back for the second Dunlop tournament at Sydney which was this time the real Australian Open, held in March 1971 on the White City Courts. For once this tournament deserved the 'Grand Slam tournament' label. Among the 14 first editions of the Open tournament (1969-1982) only the 1969 and the 1971 editions had a strong field with many (but not all) of the best players. Since it was sponsored by Dunlop in 1971 all the WCT players (including the ancient NTL players since spring 1970) entered (Newcombe, Rosewall, Laver, Roche, Okker, Ashe (a WCT player since the beginning of the year) and so on) and some independent pros also came (nevertheless Smith (under Army's service), Richey, Graebner and the not yet good grasscourt players Nastase and Kodes were missing). In this tournament Rosewall lost no sets and defeated Roy Emerson, Tom Okker and Arthur Ashe in the last rounds and therefore won his second consecutive Grand Slam tournament.

As most (but not all) WCT players Rosewall didn't play Roland Garros (as in 1970) and still tried to reach his seventies goal, Wimbledon : in the quarterfinals Rosewall had to fight for about four hours against Richey, 6-8 5-7 6-4 9-7 7-5 whereas Newcombe had a very easy match against Dibley, 6-1 6-2 6-3. Therefore in the semis the old Rosewall was no match for the fitted Newcombe. Later Rosewall, as some (but not all) other WCT players (Laver, Gimeno, Emerson, Drysdale, Stolle, Roche ...), was absent at Forest Hills (due obviously to the growing conflict between the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) and the WCT organization but also because of his children's illnesses).

As a contract pro Rosewall couldn't play the Davis Cup and thus concentrated mainly on the WCT circuit organized similarly to the Grand Prix circuit (then became the equivalent for the independent pros) : 20 tournaments (including the Australian Open that year), each giving the same points amount and the top eight players in ranking WCT points were invited in a big 8-man tournament (the 21th), the WCT Finals (the equivalent of the Grand Prix Masters for the WCT players), played in November at Houston (quarters and semis) and at Dallas (final). When the WCT players were off they could play tournaments of the other pro circuit, managed by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) ("The officials"), the Grand Prix circuit (supposed to be the "Traditional circuit") rather reserved in 1971 to the "independent pros". Nevertheless that year some tournaments (for example the Berkeley tournament which had a stronger field than the US Open's) were held by both organizations. But the war between "The officials" and WCT climaxed in a ban by the ILTF beginning on January 1, 1972, of the WCT players from the Grand Prix circuit.

Rosewall ended third of the WCT circuit behind Laver and Okker : then qualified for the the 8-man WCT Finals he took the title, taking his revenge over Newcombe (who had beaten Muscles at Wimbledon) in the quarters, defeating Okker in the semis and beating Laver, 6-4 1-6 7-6 7-6, in the final in what was considered at the time as the best match between the two rivals since their 1968 Roland Garros final.

Though he has played few Grand Prix tournaments, as a WCT player, he had enough Grand Prix Points to play the Masters held about ten days after his WCT Finals victory but he refused the invitation for he was very tired after such a long season and he took his holidays of end of the year (Newcombe knew the identical situation and acted the same and strangely enough both players came back at the same tournament, the 1972 Australian Open).

Rosewall won 7 tournaments and 78.7% of his matches (70 out of 89) in 1971. In direct confrontations he trailed Newcombe 1-3, Laver 2-3 but has dominated Smith 1-0 ("Muscles" has never met Kodes that year).

Collins, Tingay, Elian or Geist ranked Rosewall third after Newcombe and/or Smith : that year too, as in 1970, there was no clearly undisputed number one.

1972 was a true return to separate circuits because all the traditional events organized by the ILTF and held from January 1 to July were forbidden to the WCT players : as ever the Davis Cup but also Roland Garros and Wimbledon. The 1972 Australian Open organizers used a trick to avoid the ILTF's ban of the WCT players : they held the tournament from the previous year, on December 26, 1971, that is to say six days before the ILTF's ban could be applied, to January 2, 1972. Thus all the contract (and, of course, independent) pros could have come but few were interested because the tournament was held during Christmas and the New Year's Day. In moving the dates from March (in 1971) to December-January they almost killed the tournament which happily strengthened since 1983. A fragile agreement in the spring of 1972 let the WCT players come back to the traditional circuit in August (in Merion, WCT players Okker and Roger Taylor played, the latter defeating independent pros Connors and Malcolm Anderson in the final rounds) : thus the U.S. Open, won by Ilie Nastase, was the very greatest event of the year. Only in this tournament all the best valid players were present without any exception (Tony Roche suffering from his tennis elbow for most of the 1971-1973 period, wasn't there). Later that year two other tournaments had good fields with WCT and independent pros : the Pacific Southwest Open at Los Angeles and to a lesser extent, Stockholm both won by Stan Smith.

In many 1972 rankings there were 6 or 7 WCT players in the world top10 (the 3 or 4 independent pros were Smith, Nastase, Orantes and sometimes Gimeno (an ancient NTL then WCT player)) so the WCT Finals held in May at Dallas were considered as one of (if not the first) the greatest events after the U.S. Open. In what is considered one of the two best matches played in 1972 (with the Wimbledon final) and the best Rosewall-Laver match of the open era (Laver wrote that the two Australians have played better matches between them in the obscure pre-open days, citing their 1963 French Pro final as a summit; McCauley, as a lucky witness, considered the same thing for their 1964 Wembley final), Rosewall won his last very great title of his long career, 4-6 6-0 6-3 6-7 7-6.

Because of the ILTF's ban once again Rosewall couldn't enter Wimbledon.

The real Open career : August 1972 - 1980

As explained before from August 1972 the players could enter almost all the tournaments they wanted and the real open era began (at Forest Hills they created the ATP)

Muscles has gained 7 tournaments in 1972 (including the very depleted Australian Open) and was ranked, by Judith Elian or Tingay or McCauley, #3 behind Smith and Nastase (Bud Collins permuting Nastase and Rosewall).

The beginning of 1973 was identical to the second half of 1972 for Rosewall : a desert. After his second round loss at the 1972 U.S. Open (against Mark Cox) he recorded his probable worst defeat in his whole career against Karl Meiler in his first match (second round) of the 1973 Australian Open (once again with a very weak field because as in 1972 just Rosewall and Newcombe among the Top20 came). More important : between May 1972 (victory at Dallas) and April 1973 (victory at Houston, River Oaks) Rosewall captured only two minor titles, Tokyo WCT (not giving points for the WCT Finals) and Brisbane (in December 1972) where the only Top20 player was himself. If 1967 has been the first year of a relative decline with however many highlights, 1973 (and more accurately his "after-Dallas 1972") has been the real start of Rosewall's decline : admittedly he was still one of the best players but not one fighting for the first place.

Still no Rosewall at Wimbledon (the edition of the ATP players' boycott).

His best performances in 1973 were firstly his semifinal at the U.S. Open (as in 1972 the greatest event of the year) and secondly his 3rd place at the WCT Finals (he was beaten by Ashe in the semis and defeated Laver for 3rd place). He also won at Houston WCT (already told), Cleveland WCT, Charlotte WCT, Osaka and Tokyo.

1974 was the first year since probably 1951 that Rosewall hasn't win any single tournament : he entered 7 tournaments (the one at Hong-Kong not finished because of rain) and reached 3 finals including Wimbledon and Forest Hills. Due to the two last strong performances he was ranked between the second (Tingay) and the fourth place (Elian) by many tennis journalists (only 7th in the ATP rankings because he played too few tournaments knowing that he succumbed to the charms of the World Team Tennis "organization" ("circus" would be a more appropriate term)).

He still stayed in the Top10 (ATP, Collins, Tommasi) or the Top15 in 1975 winning 5 tournaments (Jackson, Houston-River Oaks, Louisville, Gstaad July 13, Tokyo Gunze Open) and his two singles in Davis Cup against New-Zealand (this event has been finally open to contract pros in 1973 : that year Rosewall was selected by Neale Fraser for the semifinals doubles). Rosewall made his last attempt at Wimbledon, at over 40, and as in his first Wimbledon Open (in 1968) he lost in the same round (4th) and against the same player (Tony Roche).

In 1976 Rosewall quit the Top10 but stayed in the Top20 for he won 3 tournaments Brisbane, Jackson WCT and Hong-Kong (over Nastase then the 3rd player in the world).

1977 was the Rosewall's last year in the Top20 : this means he has been one of the best players for 26 years (in the Top20 from 1952 to 1977). He won his last tournament at Hong-Kong at 43 years old.

Then he gradually retired and in October 1980, at nearly 46, he played his last tournament at Melbourne indoor defeating Butch Walts, the American ranked #49 by the ATP, in the first round before Paul McNamee ended Rosewall's career.

Miscellaneous comments

Rosewall and Hoad in 1954

In his 1979 autobiography, Kramer writes that "Rosewall was a backcourt player when he came into the pros, but he learned very quickly how to play the net. Eventually, for that matter, he became a master of it, as much out of physical preservation as for any other reason. I guarantee you that Kenny wouldn't have lasted into his forties as a world-class player if he hadn't learned to serve and volley." Image File history File links Rosewall_and_Hoad_1954. ... Image File history File links Rosewall_and_Hoad_1954. ... Serve and volley is a strategy used in lawn tennis (and rarely in real tennis) where a player serves and immediately moves forward to make the next shot a volley and hopefully a winner. ...

Kramer includes Rosewall in his list of the 21 greatest players of all time.^[1]

During his long playing career he remained virtually injury-free, something that helped him to still win tournaments at the age of 43 and remain ranked in the top 15 in the world. Although he was a finalist 4 times at Wimbledon, it was the one major tournament that eluded him. The Championships, Wimbledon, commonly referred to as simply Wimbledon, is the oldest and arguably the most prestigious event in the sport of tennis. ...

Rosewall was a finalist at the 1974 U.S. Open at 39 years 310 days old, making him the oldest player to participate in a Grand Slam finals. Recently, (as of September 2006) the worlds #1 Roger Federer won his third straight U.S. Open Championship. ...

Rosewall and Frank Sedgman in 1954

In 1995 Gonzales said of him: "He became better as he got older, more of a complete player. With the exception of me and Frank Sedgman, he could handle everybody else. Just the way he played, he got under Hoad's skin, but he had a forehand weakness and a serve weakness." In his extremely long career, Rosewall played 111 matches against Rod Laver, winning 49 while losing 62. In 160 matches against Pancho Gonzales he won 59 and lost 101. In 70 matches against Lew Hoad he won 45 and lost 25. Image File history File links Rosewall_and_Sedgman_1954. ... Image File history File links Rosewall_and_Sedgman_1954. ... Frank Allan Sedgman, born October 29, 1927, in Mt. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Frank Allan Sedgman, born October 29, 1927, in Mt. ...

Rosewall was also known as being extremely careful about his spending, like a number of other Australian players of the time. The Australians themselves characterized this as having "short arms and deep pockets." Kramer writes that an Australian radio reporter once asked Pancho Segura what his single biggest thrill in tennis had been. "'The night Frank Sedgman bought dinner,' Segoo replied." Pancho Segura hitting his famous two-handed forehand Pancho Segura, born Francisco Olegario Segura (June 20, 1921) was a leading tennis player of the 1940s and 1950s, both as an amateur and as a professional. ...

A grandfather of five, Rosewall now lives in Northern Sydney, where he still plays an occasional game of tennis.

Rosewall was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island, in 1980. The International Tennis Hall of Fame is a not-for-profit tennis museum at the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island, USA. It maintains a Hall of Fame for prominent personalities and players from the tennis world. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ...

Notes

1. ^ Writing in 1979, Kramer considered the best ever to have been either Don Budge (for consistent play) or Ellsworth Vines (at the height of his game). The next four best were, chronologically, Bill Tilden, Fred Perry, Bobby Riggs, and Pancho Gonzales. After these six came the "second echelon" of Rod Laver, Lew Hoad, Ken Rosewall, Gottfried von Cramm, Ted Schroeder, Jack Crawford, Pancho Segura, Frank Sedgman, Tony Trabert, John Newcombe, Arthur Ashe, Stan Smith, Björn Borg, and Jimmy Connors. He felt unable to rank Henri Cochet and René Lacoste accurately but felt they were among the very best.

John Donald Budge (June 13, 1915 - January 26, 2000) was a champion tennis player who became famous as the first man to win in a single year the four tournaments that the Grand Slam of tennis comprises. ... Ellsworth Vines as an amateur in 1933 Ellsworth Vines (September 28, 1911 – March 17, 1994) was an American tennis champion of the 1930s, the World No. ... Bill Tilden running for a backhand in the 1920s William Tatem Tilden II (February 10, 1893 – June 5, 1953), often called Big Bill, was an American tennis player who was the World No. ... Fred Perry hitting a backhand volley Frederick John Perry (May 18, 1909 – February 2, 1995) in Stockport, Cheshire. ... Bobby Riggs on the cover of Sports Illustrated just before his match with Billie Jean King in 1973 Riggs at Wimbledon in 1939 Robert Larimore (Bobby) Riggs (February 25, 1918 – October 25, 1995) was a 1930s–40s amateur tennis champion who, as a professional, became the World No. ... Ricardo Alonso González (May 9, 1928 – July 3, 1995), who was generally known as Pancho Gonzales, was the World No. ... Rodney George Rod Laver (born August 9, 1938, in Rockhampton, Australia) is a former tennis player from Australia who was the World No. ... Lewis Alan Hoad, born November 23, 1934 in Glebe, New South Wales, Australia - died July 3, 1994 in Fuengirola, Spain, was a champion tennis player. ... Gottfried von Cramm hitting a volley in 1937. ... Fred(e)rick Rudolph Ted Schroeder (born July 20, 1921) was an American male tennis player. ... Jack Crawford John Herbert Crawford, known as Jack Crawford, was a great Australian tennis player of the 1930s. ... Pancho Segura hitting his famous two-handed forehand Pancho Segura, born Francisco Olegario Segura (June 20, 1921) was a leading tennis player of the 1940s and 1950s, both as an amateur and as a professional. ... Frank Allan Sedgman, born October 29, 1927, in Mt. ... Marion Anthony Trabert (born August 16, 1930 in Cincinnati, Ohio) is a former star tennis player and longtime tennis author, TV commentator, instructor, and motivation speaker. ... John Newcombe. ... Country: United States Height: 185 cm (6 ft 1 in) Weight: 73 kg (160 lb) Plays: Right Turned pro: 1966 Retired: 1980 Highest singles ranking: 1 (1968 and 1975) Singles titles: 34 Career prize money: $2,584,909 Grand Slam Record Titles: 3 Australian Open W (1970) French Open QF... Stan Smith (born December 14, 1946 in Pasadena, California) is an American tennis player who, with his partner Bob Lutz, was one of the best doubles players of all time. ... (born June 6, 1956, in Stockholm, Sweden) is a former World No. ... Country: United States Residence: Belleville, IL Height: 177 cm (5 ft 10 in) Weight: 70 kg (155 lb) Plays: Left-handed Pro Career: 1972-1991 Highest singles ranking: 1 (29 July 1974) Singles titles: 109 Career Prize Money: US$8,461,040 Grand Slam Record Titles: 8 Australian Open W... Henri Jean Cochet (December 14, 1901 in Villeurbanne, near Lyon - April 1, 1987) was a champion tennis player, one of the famous Four Musketeers from France who dominated tennis in the late 1920s and early 1930s. ... René Lacoste Jean René Lacoste (July 2, 1904 - October 12, 1996) was a famous French tennis player, businessman, and innovator, nicknamed the crocodile by fans; he is now mostly known as being the namesake of the Lacoste tennis shirt, which he introduced in 1929. ...

Overall singles titles (at least 116) of Ken Rosewall 1950-1980

Sources: Michel Sutter, Vainqueurs Winners 1946-2003, Paris 2003; Joe McCauley, The History of Professional Tennis, London 2001; Robert Geist, Der Grösste Meister Die denkwürdige Karriere des australischen Tennisspielers Kenneth Robert Rosewall, Vienna 1999 ; Tony Trabert in Tennis de France

Before about 1972 tennis results weren't automatically preserved as it is now with the ILTF and the ATP. So many of them are missing. Nevertheless the most important ones have been preserved. Right now we can affirm that Ken Rosewall has won at least 116 tournaments in his whole career (the ATP just recorded tournaments from 1968 and even then some are missing, for example the Dunlop Sydney Open in March 1970).

The dates are those of the last day. They are relatively sure but sometimes there are slight differences of some days (for instance McCauley proposes September 20, 1958 for the French Pro whereas Michel Sutter indicates September 22) and other times just the month is known (and not the day).

Amateur career

1950 : (0)

1951 : Manly January (1)

1952 : (0)

1953 : Australian amateur Championships-Melbourne (Grand Slam amateur tournament) January 17; Roland Garros amateur (Grand Slam tournament) May 31; Pacific Southwest-Los Angeles September 20 (3)

1954 : Manchester June 5; Victoria-Melbourne December 5 (2)

1955 : Australian amateur Championships-Adelaide (Grand Slam amateur tournament) January 31; Queen's June 19; Queensland-Brisbane November 8 (3)

1956 : Bastad July 15; Deauville July 30; Newport(US) August 20; US amateur-Forest Hills (Grand Slam amateur tournament) September 6; South Australia-Adelaide November 22; New South Wales-Sydney November 17; Victoria-Melbourne December 15; (7)

Pro career : Rosewall forbidden to play the Davis Cup and all the Grand Slam tournaments

1957 : London Indoor Pro Championships-Wembley September 28 (1)

1958 : Eastbourne Pro August 16; French Pro-Roland Garros (World Pro Hard Courts played on clay) September 20 (2)

1959 : Queensland Pro-Brisbane January 24; Palermo Pro (4-man tournament) August 25; Queensland Pro-Brisbane December 19 (3)

1960 : Australian Pro Indoor-Melbourne May 10; San Francisco Pro June 18; Los Angeles Pro June 26; French Pro-Roland Garros September 18; London Indoor Pro Championships-Wembley September 24; Manila Pro November 28 (6)

1961 : French Pro-Roland Garros September 17; London Indoor Pro Championships-Wembley September 23; New South Wales Pro-Sydney December 3 (3)

1962 : South Australian Pro-Adelaide January 13; Victorian Pro-Melbourne January 20; Wellington (4-man tournament) probably March; Auckland (4-man tournament) probably March; Geneva Pro September 2; French Pro-Roland Garros September 16; London Indoor Pro Championships-Wembley September 22; Milano Pro September 29 (8)

1963 : Los Angeles Pro June 16; US Pro-Forest Hills June 29; French Pro-Coubertin (played indoor on wood) September 15; London Indoor Pro Championships-Wembley September 21; Italian Pro-Roma September 30 (5)

1964 : Melbourne Pro (4-man tournament) January 11; Masters Round Robin Pro-Los Angeles June 8; St Louis Pro June 14; Milwaukee Pro June 28; San Remo Pro (4-man tournament) August 6; Venice Pro (4-man tournament) August 11; Cannes Pro August 16; French Pro-Coubertin (played indoor on wood) September 13; Hanover Pro September 28; Western Province Pro-Cape Town October (10)

1965 : Queensland Pro-Brisbane January 16; Greater Washington Pro-Reston June 27; St Louis Pro July 4; US Pro-Longwood (outside Boston) July 19; French Pro-Coubertin (played indoor on wood) September 13; Scandinavian Pro-Helsinki September 27 (6)

1966 : South Australian Pro-Adelaide January 15; New South Wales Pro-Sydney January 26; Madison Square Garden Pro-New York March 26; Casablanca Pro May 23; San Rafael Pro June 27; Newport Pro July 10; French Pro-Coubertin (played indoor on wood) October 2; Benoni Pro October 12; Johannesburg Round Robin Pro October 20 (9)

1967 : BBC2 Pro-Wembley (4-man tournament) (not to confuse with the traditional London Indoor Pro Championships-Wembley) April 5; Los Angeles Pro May 28; Pacific Coast Pro-Berkeley June 4; US Pro Hardcourt-St Louis (not to confuse with the US Pro outside Boston) June 18; Newport Beach Pro June 25; Natal Pro-Durban September 10; Western Province Pro-Cape Town September 16 (7)

Pro and Open career

1968 : Bournemouth April 27; Roland Garros (Grand Slam open tournament) June 9; Fort Worth Pro NTL August 18; Jack Kramer Tournament of Champions-Wembley Pro November 21 (4)

1969 : Bristol June 14; Chicago September 11 (2)

1970 : Hollywood Pro February 14; Corpus Christi WCT February 22; Eastbourne June 20; Newport (UK) July 11; Cincinnati July 26; US Open-Forest Hills (Grand Slam open tournament) September 13 (6)

1971 : Australian Open-Sydney (Grand Slam open tournament) March 14; Johannesburg April 17; Newport (UK) July 10; Washington WCT July 18; US Pro-Longwood WCT (outside Boston) August 8; Vancouver WCT October 10; WCT Finals-Houston&Dallas November 17; (7)

1972 : Australian Open-Melbourne (Grand Slam open tournament) January 2; Hollywood (Fla) WCT March 5; Hilton Head WCT March 25; Charlotte WCT April 23; WCT Finals-Dallas May 14; Tokyo WCT October 7; Brisbane December 2 (7)

1973 : Houston-River Oaks WCT April 8; Cleveland WCT April 15; Charlotte WCT April 22; Osaka October 7; Tokyo October 14 (5)

1974 : (0)

1975 : Jackson March 30; Houston-River Oaks April 27; Louisville May 11; Gstaad July 13; Tokyo Gunze Open November 30 (5)

1976 : Brisbane January 26; Jackson WCT March 21; Hong-Kong November 14 (3)

1977 : Hong-Kong November 13 (1)

1978 : (0)

1979 : (0)

1980 : (0)

Pro tours won (at least 7) by Ken Rosewall during years of banishment : 1957-1967

In the pre-open years the professionals played sometimes more often in tours than in tournaments : in 1937 Henry Ellsworth Vines, Jr. played 70 matches in two tours and 0 match in tournament. In his first five months in the pro ranks (from January to May 1957) Rosewall played 76 matches in tour against Gonzales and only 9 matches in tournaments. In the sixties the trend was reversed. All that to say that if these players had had the opportunity to play as many tournaments as the 21st century players, they would have had even more singles titles.

Unhappily several tours results in tennis history are completely unknown.

Below the dates are somewhat unprecise and sometimes the detailed results are unknown but the winner is certain.

1957 : Australian pro tour with Rosewall winner (detailed results unknown) over Hoad, Sedgman, and Segura, each man playing 20 matches, November-December

1958 : Perrier Trophy pro tour with Rosewall winner (detailed results unknown) over Segura, Trabert and Hoad August 2 - October 25

1959 : South African pro tour final standings : 1) Rosewall 12 matches won - 2 lost, 2) Segura 9-5, 3) Ashley Cooper 7-7, 4) Malcolm Anderson 4-10, 5) Mervyn Rose 3-11 November

1962 : New Zealand pro tour 1) Rosewall 4-1, 2) Gimeno 3-2, 3) Sedgman 2-3, 4) Ayala 1-4 probably March

1963 : Australasian (Australian+NewZealander) pro tour Rosewall defeated Laver 11-2 (12 out of 13 scores are perfectly known) January (begun on 6); U.S. tour with Rosewall winner over Laver, Gimeno, Buchholz, MacKay and Ayala : in the first phase 1) Rosewall 31-10, 2) Laver 26-16, 3) Buchholz 23-18, 4) Gimeno 21-20, 5) MacKay 12-29, 6) Ayala 11-30 then a second phase opposing a) the top2 to determine the final winner and b) places 3 and 4 to determine the final 3rd player. Final standings : 1) Rosewall (defeated Laver 14-4 in the second phase), 2) Laver, 3) Gimeno (defeated Buchholz in the second phase 11-7), 4) Buchholz, 5) MacKay 12-29, 6) Ayala 11-30 February 8 - end of May

1964 : Facis Trophy (Trofeo Facis) pro tour Rosewall winner July 28 - August 11; September 29 - October8

Rosewall's participations in great team events

Davis Cup : Rosewall has won 17 singles matches out of 19 and 2 doubles out of 3. Rosewall was a member of the Australia teams winner of the 1953, 1955, 1956 and 1973 editions.

Kramer Cup : in this pro "Davis Cup-format" team event, held just 3 years in a row (1961-1963) and opposing the following subcontinents Australia, Europe, North America and South America, Rosewall has won 9 singles matches out of 10 and 4 doubles out of 5. Australia has won the 3 editions.

Rosewall’s combined amateur-professional rankings (rough estimations due to the absence of official rankings before 1973)

Until 1972 only tennis experts or players made their own rankings and until 1967 most of these rankings were relative to the amateur players.

Then in 1973 the ATP listed his own rankings every fortnight and some years later every week but they had many imperfections because in the seventies and the eighties they didn’t take into account such events as the Davis Cup, the WCT Finals and the Masters (later called the Singles Championship and in the 2000’s the Masters Cup) and not enough points were (and still are) allotted to the Grand Slam tournaments. Since there have been improvements (but not sufficiently) because now the Masters Cup give ATP points. Therefore other rankings proposed by tennis experts or by the players themselves could be more accurate : for instance in 1975 Arthur Ashe ended the year 4th at the ATP ranking but everyone thought that the American was the number 1 as John Barrett, Bud Collins, Barry Lorge, Judith Elian put it.

Given that a) before 1968 there were few or no combined pro-amateur rankings and b) before 1973 there was no ATP rankings and c) that the latter weren't (and still aren't) perfect here are rough estimations of Rosewall's annual rankings :

Rosewall has then been 26 years in a row in the Top20, 20 years in the Top10 and probably 12 years as one of the 3 best players and for 10 (or 9) years has been either the best or the second. 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar). ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1971 calendar). ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ...

to be continued ...

Grand Slam Tournament wins

• Australian Championships:
  • singles champion - 1953, 1955, 1971, 1972
  • doubles champion - 1953, 1956, 1972
• French Championships:
  • singles champion - 1953, 1968
  • doubles champion - 1956
• Wimbledon Championships:
  • doubles champion - 1953, 1956
  • singles finalist - 1954, 1956, 1970, 1974
• US Championships
  • singles champion - 1956, 1970
  • doubles champion - 1956

The Australian Open is the first of the worlds four Grand Slam tennis tournaments, held each January at Melbourne Park. ... The French Open, officially the Tournoi de Roland-Garros (English: Roland Garros Tournament), is a tennis event held over two weeks between mid May and early June in Paris, France, and is the second of the Grand Slam tournaments on the annual tennis calendar. ... The Championships, Wimbledon, commonly referred to as simply Wimbledon, is the oldest and arguably the most prestigious event in the sport of tennis. ... Recently, (as of September 2006) the worlds #1 Roger Federer won his third straight U.S. Open Championship. ...

Sources

• The Game, My 40 Years in Tennis (1979), Jack Kramer with Frank Deford (ISBN 0-399-12336-9)

This page refers to the year 1979. ...

External links

• International Tennis Hall of Fame profile