 The reconstructed face of the Kennewick Man. Kennewick Man is the name for the remains of a prehistoric man found on a bank of the Columbia River near Kennewick, Washington, USA on July 28, 1996. The discovery of Kennewick Man was accidental: a pair of spectators found his skull while attending the annual hydroplane races.[1] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...
With regard to living things, a body is the integral physical material of an individual, and contrasts with soul, personality and behavior. ...
Stonehenge, England, erected by Neolithic peoples ca. ...
The bed of this stream is made up of rocks, some very rounded (having had a longer life in the stream) and some not. ...
The Columbia River (French: fleuve Columbia) is a river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. ...
The view from Badger Mountain Centennial Preserve in Richland looking toward south Richland (foreground), Kennewick (upper right) and Pasco (across the Columbia River). ...
is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ...
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The remains became embroiled in debates about the relationship between Native American religious rights and archaeology. Based on the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), five Native American groups (the Nez Perce, Umatilla, Yakama, Wannapum, and Colville) claimed the remains as theirs, to be buried by traditional means. Only Umatillas continued further court proceeding. In February 2004, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruled that a cultural link between the tribes and the skeleton was not met, opening the door for more scientific study. This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ...
For the magazine about archaeology, see Archaeology (magazine). ...
The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (or NAGPRA) is a United States federal law passed in 1990 requiring that Native Americans cultural items be returned to their respective peoples if and when they have been excavated, and allows archeological teams a short time for analysis before the remains...
The Nez Perce (pronounced ) are a tribe of Native Americans who live in the Pacific Northwest region (Columbia River Plateau) of the United States. ...
Categories: Native American tribes | Stub ...
The Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation, or simply Yakama Nation (formerly Yakima), is a Native American group with nearly 9,000 enrolled members, living in Washington state. ...
The Wanapum Indian tribe formerly lived along the Columbia River from above Priest Rapids down to the mouth of the Snake River in what is now Washington. ...
The Colville Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation in eastern Washington State, inhabited and managed by Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, which is recognized by the United States of America as an American Indian Tribe. ...
This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts: District of Alaska District of Arizona Central District of California Eastern District of California Northern District of California Southern District of California District of Hawaii...
In July 2005, scientists from around the United States convened in Seattle for ten days to study the remains, making many detailed measurements, and determined the cause of death. “Seattle†redirects here. ...
Scientific significance
 The remains of the Kennewick Man. The remains were first examined by anthropologist James Chatters. After ten separate visits, Chatters was able to collect three hundred and fifty pieces of bone as well as the skull, which completed almost a full skeleton.[2] The cranium was fully intact except for two teeth. All of the major bones were found but in several pieces.[3] Surprising results showed that they were dealing with a 9000 year old skeleton rather than a man of the nineteenth century, as originally thought. At the University of California at Riverside, a small piece of bone was subjected to radiocarbon dating to determine that the Kennewick Man was approximately 9,300 years old.[2] After collecting all the bone pieces, Chatters concluded the subject was a Caucasoid male about 68 inches (173 cm) tall who died in his mid fifties.[2] Image File history File links Kennewickstanford. ...
Image File history File links Kennewickstanford. ...
For other uses of Skull, see Skull (disambiguation). ...
The University of California, Riverside is a public, coeducational university situated in Riverside, California beside Box Springs Mountain. ...
Radiocarbon dating is a radiometric dating method that uses the naturally occurring isotope carbon-14 (14C) to determine the age of carbonaceous materials up to about 60,000 years. ...
Typical Caucasoid skull Caucasoid is a racial classification usually used as part of a phenotypal system, also including other classifications such as Australoid, Mongoloid, Negroid, and sometimes others such as Capoid. ...
Lodged in the illium, part of the pelvic bone, Chatters found the bone had partially grown around a 70 mm (2.8 in) stone projectile.[3] On x-ray, nothing appeared. Chatters put the bone through a CAT scan, and it was discovered that the projectile was made from a siliceous gray stone that was found to have igneous origins.[3] Geologically, this refers to a stone that formed in a silica rich environment during a volcanic period. The projectile was leaf-shaped, long, broad and had serrated edges; all fitting the definition of a Cascade point. This type of point is a feature of the Cascade phase (5000 and 8000 B.P.).[3] A Cascade point is a projectile point associated with the Cascade phase, an ancient culture of Native Americans that settled in the Pacific Northwest that existed from 9000 or 10000 BC until about 5500 BC. A Cascade point was found lodged in the hip of Kennewick Man. ...
The Old Cordilleran Culture, also known as the Cascade phase, is an ancient culture of Native Americans that settled in the Pacific Northwest that existed from 9000 or 10000 BC until about 5500 BC. It is thought it may be even older, depending on when human beings first arrived in...
Before Present (BP) years are the units of time (counted backwards to the past) used to report raw radiocarbon ages and dates referenced to the BP scale origin in the year AD 1950 (identical to 1950 CE). ...
Photographs of a facial reconstruction showed a middle-aged man who looked more like a "European accountant than a Paleo-Indian hunter".[2] To help determine the mystery of the Kennewick man and help to find out if the skeleton does in fact belong to the Umatilla Native American tribe, an extraction of DNA was analyzed but could not be completed because it contradicted Native American values protected under NAGPRA.[2] Anthropologist Joseph Powell of the University of New Mexico was finally allowed to examine the remains and his conclusions were contradictory. The Kennewick Man was in fact not European but rather resembled south Asians and the Ainu people of northeast Asia.[2] The results of a graphic comparison, including size, of Kennewick Man to 18 modern populations conducted by Chatters et al. to determine the skeleton’s relation to modern ancestry showed that he was most closely related to the Ainu. However, when he excluded size, the Kennewick Man was left out with no association to any population.[3] His physical features are what show that he is most similar to Pacific Islanders and the Ainu people, not to any modern-day Native Americans.[3] This evidence further contradicts the three-wave migration hypothesis into the Americas. So the question that scientists often ponder is: what happened to that early population? Scientists have a few hypotheses, but there is one that is supported elsewhere in the world: previous hunter-gatherer populations, like the Ainu, were replaced by rice cultivating people. The advantages of this agriculture were enough to drive the hunters and gatherers into disappearance.[2] The University of New Mexico (UNM) is a public university in Albuquerque, New Mexico. ...
Ainu IPA: /ʔáınu/) (also called Ezo in historical texts) are an ethnic group indigenous to HokkaidÅ, northern HonshÅ«, the Kuril Islands, much of Sakhalin, and the southernmost third of the Kamchatka peninsula. ...
There are several popular models of migration to the New World proposed by the anthropological community. ...
In anthropology, the hunter-gatherer way of life is that led by certain societies of the Neolithic Era based on the exploitation of wild plants and animals. ...
The biological diversity among ancient skulls has contradicted the possibility that the Kennewick Man is closely related to any modern Native American tribes.[2] Skulls older than 8,000 years old have been found to possess greater physical diversity than do those of modern Native Americans. This range implies that there was a genetic shift in populations about 8,000 years ago. The heterogeneity of these early people shows that genetic drift had already occurred, meaning that the racial type represented by Kennewick Man had been in existence for some considerable period of time.[2] In population genetics, genetic drift is the statistical effect that results from the influence that chance has on the success of alleles (variants of a gene). ...
With the recent discovery of the Kennewick Man along with other ancient skeletons, scientists argue over the exact origin and history of Native American people.[2] For half a century, textbooks and scientists had agreed on a common theory that hunters following large herds of game wandered across the Bering Strait land bridge 12,000 years ago.[2] While some still believe the old hypothesis, many other scientists hold that there were numerous waves of migration to the Americas. The different races discovered through ancient skeletal remains support this latter theory and the Kennewick Man was an individual representative of one of the multiple races to have roamed the Americas during the pre-historical period.[2] Satellite photo of the Bering Strait Photo across the Bering Strait Nautical chart of the Bering Strait The Bering Strait (Russian: ) is a sea strait between Cape Dezhnev, Russia, the easternmost point (169°43 W) of the Asian continent and Cape Prince of Wales, Alaska, the westernmost point (168°05...
Nautical chart of Bering Strait, site of former land bridge between Asia and North America The Bering land bridge, also known as Beringia, was a land bridge roughly 1,000 miles (1,600 km) north to south at its greatest extent, which joined present-day Alaska and eastern Siberia at...
Ownership controversy According to NAGPRA, if human remains are found on federal lands and their cultural affiliation to a Native American tribe can be established, the affiliated tribe can claim them. The Umatilla tribe of Native Americans requested custody of the remains, wanting to bury them according to tribal tradition. However, their claim was contested by researchers hoping to study the remains; if Kennewick Man has no direct connection to modern-day native tribes, then NAGPRA should not apply. Categories: Native American tribes | Stub ...
This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ...
The Umatilla have argued that their origin beliefs say that their people have been present on their historical territory since the dawn of time, so a government holding that Kennewick Man is not Native American is tantamount to the government's rejection of their beliefs. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
After initially ruling in their favor, on February 4, 2004, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals panel rejected the appeal of the Umatilla, Colville, Yakama, Nez Perce and other tribes on the grounds that they were unable to show any evidence of kinship. The tribes dropped their lawsuits for custody.[clarify] is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The United States Courts of Appeals (or circuit courts) are the mid-level appellate courts of the United States federal court system. ...
Colville is the name of several places: In the United States: Colville Township in North Dakota Colville in Washington In New Zealand: Colville on the Coromandel Peninsula, and the nearby Cape Colville, Colville Bay and Colville Channel. ...
The Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation, or simply Yakama Nation (formerly Yakima), is a Native American group with nearly 9,000 enrolled members, living in Washington state. ...
The Nez Perce (pronounced ) are a tribe of Native Americans who live in the Pacific Northwest region (Columbia River Plateau) of the United States. ...
Kinship is the most basic principle of organizing individuals into social groups, roles, and categories. ...
In April 2005, United States Senator John McCain introduced an amendment to NAGPRA which, in section 108, would change the definition of "Native American" from being that which "is indigenous to the United States" to "is or was indigenous to the United States."[4] By that definition, Kennewick Man would be Native American, whether or not any link to a contemporary tribe could be found. Proponents of this argue that is in accord with current scientific understanding, which is that it is not in all cases possible for prehistoric remains to be traced to current tribal entities, not least because of the social upheaval, forced resettlement and extinction of entire ethnicities caused by disease and warfare in the wake of European colonization. Doing so, however, would still not remove the controversy surrounding Kennewick Man as then it would have to be decided which Native American group should take possession of the remains if he could not be definitively linked with a current group. To be of practical use in a historical and prehistorical context, some argue further that the term "Native American" should be applied so that it spans the entire range from the Clovis culture (which cannot be positively assigned to any contemporary tribal group) to the Métis, who only came into being as a consequence of European contact, yet constitute a distinct cultural entity. The United States Senate is the upper house of the U.S. Congress, smaller than the United States House of Representatives. ...
“McCain†redirects here. ...
First American Clovis Point courtesy of http://www. ...
The Métis (pronounced MAY tee, IPA: , in French or , in Michif ), also historically known as Bois Brule, mixed-bloods, Countryborn (or Anglo-Métis), are one of three recognized Aboriginal peoples in Canada. ...
The remains are now at the Burke Museum at the University of Washington, where they were deposited in October 1998, but they are legally the property of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, since they were found on land belonging to the Corps. The Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture is a museum in the northwest corner of the campus of the University of Washington, at the intersection of N.E. 45th Street and 15th Avenue N.E. in Seattle, Washington, USAs University District. ...
The University of Washington, founded in 1861, is a public research university in Seattle, Washington. ...
United States Army Corps of Engineers logo The United States Army Corps of Engineers, or USACE, is made up of some 34,600 civilian and 650 military men and women. ...
See also Ainu IPA: /ʔáınu/) (also called Ezo in historical texts) are an ethnic group indigenous to HokkaidÅ, northern HonshÅ«, the Kuril Islands, much of Sakhalin, and the southernmost third of the Kamchatka peninsula. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
The Solutrean hypothesis contends that stone tool technology of the Solutrean culture in prehistoric Europe may have later influenced the development of the Clovis tool-making culture in the Americas. ...
Anthropologist Christy Turner identified two patterns, Sinodonty and Sundadonty, for East Asia, within the Mongoloid dental complex[1]. The latter is regarded as having a more generalised, Australoid morphology and having a longer ancestry than its offspring, Sinodonty. ...
There are several popular models of migration to the New World proposed by the anthropological community. ...
Pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contacts were interactions between the indigenous peoples of the Americas and peoples of other continents—Europe, Africa, Asia, or Oceania—before the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492. ...
Notes and references - ^ Stang, John (2005-06-20). Skull found on shore of Columbia. Tri-City Herald. Retrieved on 2007-05-27.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Custred, Glynn (2000). "The Forbidden Discovery of Kennewick Man". Academic Questions 13 (3): 12-30.
- ^ a b c d e f Chatters, James C. (2000). "The Recovery and First Analysis of an Early Holocene Human". American Antiquity 65 (2): 291-316. DOI:10.2307/2694060.
- ^ Native American Omnibus Act of 2005 (Reported in Senate). Library of Congress (2005). Retrieved on 2007-05-27.
Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
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Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ...
is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...
Construction of the Thomas Jefferson Building, from July 8, 1888 to May 15, 1894. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ...
is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Artists conception of a white dwarf star accreting hydrogen from a larger companion A nova (pl. ...
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Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ...
is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st Century. ...
Further reading - Jones, Peter N. "Respect for the Ancestors: American Indian Cultural Affiliation in the American West" Boulder: Bauu Press, 2005. ISBN 0-9721349-2-1
- Chatters, James C. "Ancient Encounters: Kennewick Man & the First Americans" New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002. ISBN 0-684-85936-X
- Dawkins, Richard. "Unweaving the Rainbow: Science, Delusion and the Appetite for Wonder" Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2000. ISBN 0-618-05673-4
- Thomas, David Hurst. "Skull Wars: Kennewick Man, Archaeology, and the Battle for Native American Identity" New York: Basic Books, ca. 2000. ISBN 0-465-09224-1
- Adler, Jerry. "A 9,000-Year-Old Secret." New York: Newsweek. July 25, 2005. Vol. 146, Issue 4; pg. 52. (link)
- Benedict, Jeff. "No bone unturned: Inside the world of a top forensic scientist and his work on America's most notorious crimes and disasters" New York: HarperCollinsPublishers, 2003. ISBN 0-06-095888-X
- Readings in American Indian Law: Recalling the Rhythm of Survival, Philadelphia: Temple University Press (Jo Carrillo ed. 1998).
Clinton Richard Dawkins (born March 26, 1941) is a British ethologist, evolutionary biologist and popular science writer who holds the Charles Simonyi Chair for the Public Understanding of Science at the University of Oxford. ...
Unweaving the Rainbow (subtitled Science, Delusion and the Appetite for Wonder) is a book by Richard Dawkins, published in 1998 discussing the relationship between science and arts from the perspective of a scientist. ...
David Hurst Thomas ( - ) is an American academic, author and curator of anthropology at the American Museum of Natural History. ...
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Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
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