Hellenistic-era depiction of Bahram as Hercules carved in 153 B.C.

Kermanshah (Persian: کرمانشاه, Kermānshāh, Gorani Kurdish: کرماشان), is the capital city of Kermanshah Province, located 525 kilometers (324 miles) from Tehran in the western part of Iran. The city is about 50 miles from the border of Iraq. It had an estimated population of 822,921 in 2005 [1] and its climate is mild. The majority of the inhabitants speak Farsi as well as the Kalhori dialects of Kurdish. The majority of the population in this city are Shi'a Muslims. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2272x1704, 370 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Kermanshah Province User:Marmoulak/Gallery Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2272x1704, 370 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Kermanshah Province User:Marmoulak/Gallery Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or... Vahrām or Bahrām (modern Persian, var: Behrām; middle Persian: Warahran) is the Zoroastrian concept of victory over resistance and, as the hypostasis of victory, is one of the principal figures in the Zoroastrian pantheon of yazatas. ... Persian (Local names: فارسی Fârsi or پارسی Pârsi)* is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan as well as by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, India, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... Gorani (also Gurani) is a dialect spoken by several hundreds of thousands of Kurds in the province of Kurdistan and province of Kermanshah in Iran, and in the Halabja region in Iraqi Kurdistan and the Hewraman mountains between Iran and Iraq. ... Kermanshah (Persian: كرمانشاه; Kurdish: KirmaÅŸan) is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Farsi may refer to: The name of the the Persian language among native speakers Farsi Island, an Iranian island in the Persian Gulf The Jafari Shia Tajiks of Central Asia Salman al-Farsi, one of the prophet Muhammads companions Al-Farisi (1260-1320), Persian mathematician and physicist Jalaleddin Farsi... Kalhori Kurdish is a subdialect of Kurdish spoken in the tribes of Zangeneh, Sanjabi, Ahmadwand, Behtoori, Nanakali, the Payrawands, and the residents of Qasr-e-Shirin, Sar-pol-e-Zahab, Qalkhani, Kerned, and Qaleh Zanjiris of Kermanshah, Sahneh and the people of Dinawar. ... The Kurdish language is a language spoken in the region called Kurdistan, including Kurdish populations in parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. ... Shī‘a Islam, also Shi‘ite Islam, or Shi‘ism (Arabic ) is the second largest denomination of the Islamic faith. ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ...

History

Monuments of Taq-Bostan , carved 4-6th A.D

Given its antiquity, attractive landscapes and rich culture, Kermanshah is considered one of the cradles of prehistoric cultures such as Neolithic villages. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... An array of Neolithic artifacts, including bracelets, axe heads, chisels, and polishing tools. ...

According to archaeological surveys and excavation, the Kermanshah area have been occupied by prehistoric people since Lower Paleolithic Period, and continued to later Paleolithic periods till late Pleistocene period.The Lower Paleolithic evidence consist of some handaxes found in the Gakia area to the east of the city. The Middle Paleolithic remains have been found in the northern viceinity of the city in Tang-e Kenesht and near Taq-e Bostan. The known Paleolithic caves in this area are Warwasi, Kobeh, and Do-Ashkaft. The Lower Paleolithic (or Lower Palaeolithic) is the earliest subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age. ... This cranium, of Homo heidelbergensis, a Lower Paleolithic predecessor to Homo neanderthalensis, dates to between 400,000 BCE to 500,000 BCE The Paleolithic is a prehistoric era distinguished by the development of stone tools. ... The Pleistocene epoch (IPA: ) is part of the geologic timescale. ... The Middle Paleolithic (or Middle Palaeolithic) is the second subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe, Africa and Asia. ... Frontal view of the two arches. ...

The region was also one of the first places in which human settlements including Asiab, Qazanchi, Tappeh Sarab and Ganj-Darreh were established between 8000-10.000 years ago. This is about the same time that the first potteries pertaining to Iran were made in Ganj-Darreh, near present-day Harsin. Kermanshah has some of the most interesting and famous archaeological sites. Its construction is attributed to Tahmoures Divband, the fabulous king of Pishdadian dynasty, but some others attribute it to the Sassanids. It was a glorious city in Sassanid period about the 4th century AD when it became a political city and a significant health center serving as a summer resort for Sassanid kings. Harsin is a county in Kermanshah Province. ... Head of king Shapur II (Sasanian dynasty A.D. 4th century). ... Sassanid Empire at its greatest extent The Sassanid dynasty (also Sassanian) was the name given to the kings of Persia during the era of the second Persian Empire, from 224 until 651, when the last Sassanid shah, Yazdegerd III, lost a 14-year struggle to drive out the Umayyad Caliphate... Sassanid Empire at its greatest extent The Sassanid dynasty (also Sassanian) was the name given to the kings of Persia during the era of the second Persian Empire, from 224 until 651, when the last Sassanid shah, Yazdegerd III, lost a 14-year struggle to drive out the Umayyad Caliphate...

In A.D. 226, following a two-year war led by the Persian Emperor - Ardashir I - against Kurdish tribes in the region, the Empire reinstated a local Kurdish prince, Kayus of Medya, to rule Kermanshah. Within the dynasty known as the House of Kayus (also Kâvusakân) remained a semi-independent Kurdish kingdom lasting until A.D. 380 before Ardashir II removed the dynasty's last ruling member.[2] Silver coin of Ardashir I with a fire altar on its verso (British Museum London). ... The Kayusid or House of Kayus (also Kâvos) or Kâvusakân(226-380) was a semi-independent Kurdish kingdom in central and southern Kurdistan established in 226 CE. The House of Kayus was established after an agreement between Kurdish principalities and kingdoms and the Persian Empire, following a... Ardashir II was king of Persia from 379-383. ...

Kermanshah was conquered by the Arabs in A.D. 640 and called the town Qirmasin (Qirmashin). Under Seljuk rule in the 11th century, it was, and still is, a major cultural and commercial centre in Western Iran and the southern Kurdish region as a whole. The Safavids fortified the town, and the Qajars repulsed an attack by the Turks during Fath Ali Shah's rule (1797–1834). The Arabs (Arabic: عرب ) are an ethnic group found throughout the Middle East and North Africa. ... The Seljuk coat of arms was a double headed eagle The Seljuk Turks (also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuq; in modern Turkish Selçuklular; in Persian سلجوقيان SaljÅ«qiyān; in Arabic سلجوق SaljÅ«q, or السلاجقة al-Salājiqa) were a major branch of the Oghuz Turks and a dynasty that ruled parts of... The Safavid Empire at its 1512 borders. ... The Qajar dynasty was the ruling family of Persia from 1796 to 1925. ... Fath Ali Shah was the second Qajar King of Persia. ...

Occupied by the Turkish Army in 1915 during World War I, it was evacuated in 1917. Kermanshah played an important role in Mashrota Movement in Qajar period and Republic Movement in Pahlavi period. The Qajar dynasty was the ruling family of Persia from 1796 to 1925. ... The Pahlavi script was used broadly in the Sasanid Persian Empire to write down Middle Persian for secular, as well as religious purposes. ...

After The Islamic Revolution in the 1970's, the city and its provinces (also called Kermanshah) were shortly renamed Bakhtaran, apparently owing to the use of "Shah" in the name. After the Iran-Iraq War, however, they renamed it to Kermanshah. The City was hit hard during the Iran-Iraq War, and although it was rebuilt, it has never fully recovered. Protestors take to the street in support of Ayatollah Khomeini. ... Kermanshah is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Industry

Kermanshah is now a fairly important industrial center; industries include petrochemical refinery, textile manufacturing, food processing, oil refining, carpet making, sugar refining, and the production of electrical equipment and tools. Petrochemicals are chemical products made from raw materials of petroleum (hydrocarbon) origin. ... Sunday textile market on the sidewalks of Karachi, Pakistan. ... Food processing is the set of methods and techniques used to transform raw ingredients into food for consumption by humans or animals. ... View of the Shell/Valero Martinez oil refinery An oil refinery is an industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into useful petroleum products. ...

Higher education

• Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
• Razi University
• Azad University of Kermanshah

Razi University is a research institution and university of engineering and science in Iran (Persia), offering both undergraduate and postgraduate studies. ...

Sport

Kermanshah is home to football club Shirin Faraz Kermanshah F.C. who were recently promoted to Iran's Premier Football League. Football (soccer) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Shirin Faraz Kermanshah Football Club (Persian: ) is an Iranian football club based in Kermanshah, Iran. ... Irans Premier Football League known as the Iran Premier League (IPL) and now officially as the Persian Gulf Cup is the most important football league in Iran, as well as the latest stage in the evolution of Iranian league football. ...

Notable people

Arts

• Shahram Nazeri, famous vocalist and musician
• Hanibal Alkhas, painter, poet
• Marganita Vogt-Khofri, Opera Vocalist, pianist
• Kayhan Kalhor, musician, nominated for the Grammy Award
• Guity Novin, painter, founder of Transpressionism
• Alexis Kouros, writer, documentary-maker, director and producer
• Manouchehr Taherzadeh, pop singer
• Pouran Derakhshandeh, director
• Fakhri Khourvash, actress
• Irandokht Mohasses, painter
• Jamal Shourjeh, director
• Mahshid Farhoudi-Di Marco, painter, visual arts
• Seyyed Khalil Alinejad, tanbour mastero
• Roknoddin Mokhtari, violin player
• Mojtaba Mirzadeh, violin player
• Yolanda Moradzadeh, graphist, owner of Yoli's Dolls
• Bagher Azadi, ceramic painter, poet
• Farhad Aslani, actor
• Ata Hayati, photographer, director
• Nikzad Nodjoumi, painter
• Bahram Kalhornia, graphist
• Aliakbar MoradiTanbur player , Composer

Shahram Nazeri (Born 1949 Kermanshah, Iran) is a contemporary Iranian Musician playing Persian and Kurdish. ... Marganita Vogt-Khofri(مرگنیته خفری)( Musician and vocalist)was born in Kermanshah(كرمانشاه),Iran(ایران), in 1952. ... Kalhor Playing Kamancheh Kayhan Kalohor (كيهان كلهر) is an Iranian kamancheh player of Kurdish origin. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Guity Novin (born Guity Navran, 1944, in Kermanshah, Iran) is a Canadian Painter and the founder of the Transpressionism. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... Alexis Kouros (born 1961 in Kermanshah, Iran) is a Finnish writer, documentary-maker, director and producer. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Rokneddin Mokhtari Rokneddin Mokhtari (born 1887 in Kermanshah - d. ...

History and Politics

• Nasser Zarafshan, novelist, translator, and attorney
• Karim Sanjabi, Iran's attorney in the oil's national movement, former foreign minister
• Bijan Namdar Zangeneh, former minister
• Ebrahim Azizi, member and spokesman of the Guardian Council
• Ahamd Shirzad, political activist
• Latif Safari, journalist
• Abdolreza Mesri, minister

Nasser Zarafshan (born 1946) is an Iranian novelist, translator, and attorney. ... Karim Sanjabi was an Iranian Liberal political leader of the 20th century. ... Bijan Namdar Zangeneh is an Iranian politician. ... Ebrahim Azizi (Born in Kermanshah) is a Kurdish politician from Iran. ...

Literature

• Rashid Yasemi, one of the Five-Masters(Panj Ostad) of Persian grammar
• Rahim Moeini Kermanshahi, famous poet of classical Persian lyrics
• Ali Ashraf Darvishian, novelist and writer, director of the Writers Assocciation of Iran
• Doris Lessing, writer
• Ali Mohammad Afghani, novelist
• Mir Jalaleddin Kazzazi, writer
• Mohammad Javad Mohabbat, poet
• Navab Safa, poet
• Abolghasem Lahouti, poet
• Yadolah Behazad(Yadolah Eivani),poet
• Parto Kermanshahi, poet
• Ahmad Golshiri, writer
• Shahmorad Moshtaq Kermanshah(Shami Kermanshahi), poet

Gholamreza Rashid Yasemi (Persian: , b. ... Five-Masters (or Panj Ostad) refers to five very influential masters of Persian literature, Badiozzaman Forouzanfar, Malekoshoara Bahar, Jalal Homaei, Abdolazim Gharib and Ostad Yasemi. ... Look up Persian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up Persian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Ali Ashraf Darvishian (born in 1941 in Kermanshah) is a Kurdish ethnic Iranian story writer and scholar. ... Doris Lessing, CH, OBE (born October 22, 1919), is a British writer, born Doris May Taylor in Kermanshah, Persia (Iran). ... Ali Mohammad Afghani is an Iranian writer. ... Mir Jalaleddin Kazzazi is an outstanding master of Persian literature and a renowed Iranologist. ... Abolghasim Lahouti Abolghasem Lahouti (1887 – 1958) was a political activist and poet during the Persian Constitutional Revolution of Iran. ...

Science

• Al-Dinawari, botanist, historian, geographer, astronomer and mathematician
• Towfig Arjmand, physician

Abu-Hanifa Ahmad ibn Dawud Dinawari or Al-Dinawari (828 - 889) was a Kurdish Iranian botanist, historian, geographer, astronomer and mathematician [1]. He was born in Dinawar, (north-east of Kermanshah in present-day western Iran). ...

Sport

• Shirin Faraz Kermanshah F.C., the soccer team in Iran's Premier Football League
• Kourosh Bagheri, weight lifting champion
• Mohammad Hassan Mohebbi, wrestling champion, former coach of Iranian wrestling national team
• Mohammad Ranjbar, soccer
• Mohammad Hossein Mohebbi, wrestling champion
• Fereidoun Ghanbari, wrestling champion
• Bijan Batmani, boxer
• Jalal Moradi, international soccer referee
• Mashallah Hosseini, Wrestling champion

Shirin Faraz Kermanshah Football Club (Persian: ) is an Iranian football club based in Kermanshah, Iran. ... Irans Premier Football League known as the Iran Premier League (IPL) and now officially as the Persian Gulf Cup is the most important football league in Iran, as well as the latest stage in the evolution of Iranian league football. ...

See also

• Pol-e-Kohneh

Coordinates: 34°18′N, 47°4′E Pol-e-Kohneh Bridge is a bridge in the eastern suburb of Kermanshah city in Iran. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...