An ketal is a functional group or molecule containing the functional group of a carbon bonded to two -OR groups. It is essentially equivalent to an acetal,and often the term acetal is used instead. The difference derives from the reaction which created the molecule. Acetals traditionally derive from the product of the reaction of an aldehyde with excess alcohol, whereas the name ketal derives from the product of the reaction of a ketone with excess alcohol. In ecology functional groups are collections of organisms based on morphological, physiological, behavioral, biochemical, or environmental responses or on trophic criteria. ... In science, a molecule is the smallest particle of a pure chemical substance that still retains its chemical composition and properties. ... General Name, Symbol, Number Carbon, C, 6 Chemical series Nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14 (IVA), 2, p Density, Hardness 2267 kg/m3 0. ... Dutch East India Company bond, issued in 1623. ... An acetal is a functional group or molecule containing the functional group of a carbon bonded to two -OR groups. ...

Where R, R', R' ', and R' ' ' are carbon backbones.

Ketals/Acetals can be used as carbonyl-protecting groups. In chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group composed of an atom of carbon double-bonded to an atom of oxygen. ... Protecting groups play an important role in organic synthesis. ...

Reactions

Synthesis

1. Nucleophilic addition of an alcohol to a resonance stabilized cation
   • ketone + acid + alcohol ↔ hemiacetal + alcohol + acid (catalyst) ↔ ketal + water

Ketals/Acetals can, under certain conditions, be converted back into a hemiacetal and an alcohol. Nucleophilic addition involves the addition of a nucleophile to a chemical compound. ... A ketone is either the functional group characterized by a carbonyl group linked to two other carbon atoms or a compound that contains this functional group. ... An acid (often represented by the generic formula AH) is typically a water-soluble, sour-tasting chemical compound. ... A hemiacetal is a functional group or compound containing the function group in the form of: where R and R are any carbon backbones. ... An acid (often represented by the generic formula AH) is typically a water-soluble, sour-tasting chemical compound. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... A hemiacetal is a functional group or compound containing the function group in the form of: where R and R are any carbon backbones. ... In general usage, alcohol (from Arabic al-khwl الكحول, or al-ghawl الغول) refers almost always to ethanol, also known as grain alcohol, and often to any beverage that contains ethanol (see alcoholic beverage). ...