 Kevlar's molecular structure; BOLD: monomer unit; DASHED: hydrogen bonds. Kevlar is the registered trademark for a light, strong para-aramid synthetic fiber, related to other aramids such as Nomex and Technora. Download high resolution version (6467x3219, 55 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Download high resolution version (6467x3219, 55 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
“(TM)†redirects here. ...
Aramid fiber (1961) is a fire-resistant and strong synthetic fiber. ...
Synthetic fibres are the result of extensive research by scientists to increase and improve upon the supply of naturally occurring animal and plant fibres that have been used in making cloth and rope. ...
Aramid fiber (1961) is a fire-resistant and strong synthetic fiber. ...
NOMEX® is the brand name of a flame retardant meta-aramid material marketed and first discovered by DuPont in the 1970s. ...
Technora is the brandname of Teijin Twaron for a aromatic copolyamid. ...
Developed at DuPont in 1965 by Stephanie Kwolek and Herbert Blades,[1] it was first commercially used in the early 1970s. Typically it is spun into ropes or fabric sheets that can be used as such or as an ingredient in composite material components. Dupont, DuPont, Du Pont, or du Pont may refer to: // E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, the worlds third largest chemical company Du Pont Motors Gilbert Dupont, a French stock brokerage part of retail banking network Crédit du Nord ST Dupont, a French manufacturer of fine...
Stephanie Kwolek (born July 31, 1923) is a Polish-American chemist who discovered poly-paraphenylene terephtalamide, better known as Kevlar. ...
Fabric may mean: Cloth, a flexible artificial material made up of a network of natural or artificial fibres Fabric (club), a London dance club Fibre Channel fabric, a network of Fibre Channel devices enabled by a Fibre Channel switch using the FC-SW topology This is a disambiguation page, a...
Look up composite in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Currently, Kevlar has many applications, ranging from bicycle tires and racing sails to body armor because of its high strength-to-weight ratio—famously: "...5 times stronger than steel on an equal weight basis...".[1] Tires may refer to: the plural of tire the Italian name for Tiers, Italy, a town in South Tyrol, Italy Category: ...
Canvas is an extremely heavy-duty fabric used for making sails, tents, marquees, and other functions where sturdiness is required. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
A similar fiber called Twaron with roughly the same chemical structure was introduced by Akzo in 1978, and now manufactured by Teijin. Chemical structure of Kevlar. ...
Company logo of Akzo Nobel Akzo Nobel is a multinational company, active in the fields of healthcare products, coating and chemicals. ...
1. ...
Properties
When Kevlar is spun, the resulting fibre has great tensile strength (ca. 3 000 MPa), a relative density of 1.44, and does not rust. When used as a woven material, it is suitable for mooring lines and other underwater application objects. A spinneret is a spiders silk spinning organ. ...
Tensile strength isthe measures the force required to pull something such as rope, wire, or a structural beam to the point where it breaks. ...
For explanation of specific gravity as it relates to renal function, see Specific gravity (kidney). ...
For other uses, see Rust (disambiguation). ...
There are three grades of Kevlar: (i) Kevlar, (ii) Kevlar 29, and (iii) Kevlar 49. Typically, Kevlar is used as reinforcement in tires and rubber mechanical goods. Kevlar 29's industrial applications are as cables, in asbestos replacement, brake linings, and body armor. Kevlar 49 has the greatest tensile strength of all the aramids, and is used in plastic reinforcement for boat hulls, aeroplanes, and bicycles. The ultraviolet light component of sunlight degrades and decomposes Kevlar, hence it is rarely used outdoors without protection against sunlight. yer man how boring For other uses, see Asbestos (disambiguation). ...
Note: Ultraviolet is also the name of a 1998 UK television miniseries about vampires. ...
Production Kevlar is synthesised from the monomers 1,4-phenylene-diamine (para-phenylenediamine) and terephthaloyl chloride in condensation reaction yielding hydrochloric acid as a byproduct. The result is a liquid-crystalline behaviour and mechanical drawing orienting the polymer chains in the fibre's direction. Hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) was the polymerization solvent first used, but toxicology tests demonstrated it provoked tumors in the noses of rats, so DuPont replaced it by a N-methyl-pyrolidone and calcium chloride as the solvent. Synthesis (from the ancient Greek σÏν (with) and θεσις (placing)), is commonly understood to be an integration of two or more pre-existing elements which results in a new creation. ...
In chemistry, a monomer (from Greek mono one and meros part) is a small molecule that may become chemically bonded to other monomers to form a polymer. ...
The structure of the para-phenylene group The phenylene group is based on a di-substituted benzene ring. ...
The general structure of an amine Amines are organic compounds and a type of functional group that contain nitrogen as the key atom. ...
p-Phenylenediamine (PPD), also called 1,4-diaminobenzene or 1,4-phenylenediamine is an aromatic amine used as a component of engineering polymers and composites, aramid fibers, hair dyes, rubber chemicals, textile dyes and pigments. ...
Terephthaloyl chloride Terephthaloyl chloride (TCL, 1,4-benzenedicarbonyl chloride) is one of two monomers used to make Kevlar, the other being p-phenylenediamine, which is also used in some hair sprays. ...
Condensation polymers are any class of polymers formed through a condensation reaction, releasing (or condensing) a small molecule by-product such as water or methanol, as opposed to addition polymers which involve the reaction of unsaturated monomers. ...
R-phrases , S-phrases , , Flash point Non-flammable. ...
Schlieren texture of Liquid Crystal nematic phase Liquid crystals are substances that exhibit a phase of matter that has properties between those of a conventional liquid, and those of a solid crystal. ...
Hexamethylphosphoramide (abbreviated HMPA) is a colorless organic liquid with the formula [(CH3)2N]3PO. HMPA is the oxide of the highly basic tertiary phosphine P(NMe2)3. ...
Kevlar production is expensive because of the difficulties arising from using toxic concentrated sulfuric acid, needed to keep the water-insoluble polymer in solution during its synthesis and spinning. Download high resolution version (9147x2219, 32 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Toxic redirects here, but this is also the name of a song by Britney Spears; see Toxic (song) Look up toxic and toxicity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
R-phrases S-phrases , , , Flash point Non-flammable Related Compounds Related strong acids Selenic acid Hydrochloric acid Nitric acid Related compounds Hydrogen sulfide Sulfurous acid Peroxymonosulfuric acid Sulfur trioxide Oleum Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ...
A hand-turned spinning wheel in action Cones of yarn for industrial use Z-twist and S-twist yarns Spinning is the process of creating yarn (or thread, rope, cable) from various raw fiber materials. ...
Chemical properties Fibers of Kevlar consist of long molecular chains produced from PPTA-poly(paraphenylene terephthalamide). There are many inter-chain bonds making the material extremely strong. Kevlar derives part of its high strength from inter-molecular hydrogen bonds formed between the carbonyl groups and protons on neighboring polymer chains and the partial pi stacking of the benzenoid aromatic stacking interactions between stacked strands. These interactions have a greater influence on Kevlar than the van der Waals interactions and chain length that typically influence the properties of other synthetic polymers and fibers such as Dyneema. The presence of salts and certain other impurities, especially calcium, could interfere with the strand interactions and caution is used to avoid inclusion in its production. Kevlar's structure consists of relatively rigid molecules which tend to form mostly planar sheet-like structures rather like silk protein. In chemistry, a hydrogen bond is a type of attractive intermolecular force that exists between two partial electric charges of opposite polarity. ...
Aromatic stacking interaction, sometimes called phenyl stacking, is a phenomenon in organic chemistry that affects aromatic compounds and functional groups. ...
Van der Waals bonding, also known as London force, instantaneous dipole effect, and induced dipole interaction, is an intermolecular force or interatomic force that causes an attraction between temporarily induced dipoles in nonpolar molecules and atoms. ...
Dyneema or Spectra is a synthetic fiber based on ultra high molecular weight polyethylene which is 15 times stronger than steel and up to 40% stronger than Kevlar. ...
For other uses, see Salt (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Calcium (disambiguation). ...
For other uses of this word, see Silk (disambiguation). ...
Thermal properties For a polymer Kevlar has very good resistance to high temperatures, and maintains its strength and resilience down to cryogenic temperatures (-196°C); indeed, it is slightly stronger at low temperatures.
At higher temperatures the tensile strength is immediately reduced by about 10-20%, and after some hours the strength progressively reduces further. For example at 160°C about 10% reduction in strength occurs after 500 hours. At 260°C 50% reduction occurs after 70 hours.[2]
At 450°C Kevlar sublimates. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Applications
Armour Kevlar is well-known as a component of some bulletproof vests. The US military forces PASGT helmet and vest used from the early 1980s both have Kevlar as a key component, as do their replacements. Civilian applications include Kevlar reinforced clothing for motorcycle riders to protect against abrasion injuries. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
United States may refer to: Places: United States of America SS United States, the fastest ocean liner ever built. ...
The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...
Sports equipment In many cases it is part of a composite material, used in the production of some tennis, badminton and squash rackets and kayaks and some lacrosse sticks. It is used as an inner lining for some bicycle tires to prevent punctures.It is also used in fencing equipment because it provides excellent impact resistance for little weight. A cloth of woven carbon fiber filaments, a common element in composite materials Composite materials (or composites for short) are engineered materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties and which remain separate and distinct on a macroscopic level within the finished structure. ...
See also Aramid fiber (1961) is a fire-resistant and strong synthetic fiber. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Dupont, DuPont, Du Pont, or du Pont may refer to: // E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, the worlds third largest chemical company Du Pont Motors Gilbert Dupont, a French stock brokerage part of retail banking network Crédit du Nord ST Dupont, a French manufacturer of fine...
Interceptor body armor in woodland camouflage with groin and neck protector. ...
NOMEX® is the brand name of a flame retardant meta-aramid material marketed and first discovered by DuPont in the 1970s. ...
The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...
Spider silk is a fibre secreted by spiders. ...
Chemical structure of Kevlar. ...
Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), also known as high modulus polyethylene (HMPE) or high performance polyethylene (HPPE), is a thermoplastic. ...
Notes Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...
is the 87th day of the year (88th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
References Angewandte Chemie International Edition is a weekly peer-reviewed chemistry journal with broad scope and an excellent reputation. ...
A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ...
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